English10 Q3 Weeks1to4 Binded Ver1.0

10
English
Quarter 3 – Weeks 1 - 4
1
10
English
Quarter 3 – Module 1
Composing an Argumentative
Essay
1
English – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Composing an Argumentative Essay
Second Edition, 2021
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Development Team of the Module
Writer: Ramon Michael G Renzales II
Editor: Rachelle S. Venus
Reviewer: Ian Paul Blas; Gizelle V. Laud
Layout Artist: Michelle G. Rocillo
Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division
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Education Program Supervisor, English
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City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: makati.city@deped.gov.ph
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
exhibit communicative competence through your understanding of literature and other
text types for a deeper appreciation of World Literature, including Philippine Literature.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module has one lesson, namely Lesson 1 – Composing an Argumentative
Essay.
After going through this module, you are expected to write an argumentative essay.
Specifically, you are expected to:
1. identify the characteristics and components featured in an argumentative essay;
2. use information gathered to support your claim; and
3. follow the process in writing an argumentative essay.
What I Know
Choose the letter of your answer in each item. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. For an argumentative essay to be effective, it should have components that
persuade your audience. Which of the following is NOT a component to consider
in writing an essay?
A. strong evidence C. biased assessment
B. compelling topic D. persuasive language
2. Which of the following asserts the truth and requires supporting evidence?
A. argumentative lead C. argumentative quote
B. argumentative claim D. argumentative reason
3. Which of the following describes a counterclaim?

A. It is an argument that is the same as the reader’s point of view.
B. It is an argument material that is offered to support an argument.
C. It is an argument that addresses and supports the argumentative claim.
D. It is an argument that addresses what the other side might say and
explains why that point of view is wrong.
4. Which of the following is the first step to consider in writing an essay?

A. Clarify your position.
B. Find support for your position.
C. Decide how to present your arguments.
D. Consider how to captivate your reader’s attention.
1
5. Which of the following is TRUE about an argumentative text?
A. This type of text does not make use of facts and logic to strengthen its
argument. The writer appeals to the minds of the readers and their
emotions.
B. This type of text makes use of facts and logic to strengthen its argument.
The writer appeals to the minds of the readers through their emotions.
C. This type of text does not make use of facts and logic to strengthen its
argument. The writer appeals to the minds of the readers and not their
emotions.
D. This type of text makes use of facts and logic to strengthen its argument.
The writer appeals to the minds of the readers and not on their emotions.
What’s In
Match the words in Column A with their definitions in Column B.
A B
1. Thesis Statement A. It is a type of essay that attempts to
change the minds of the readers by
convincing them to agree with the point of
view of the writer.
2. Argumentative B. It refers to the part of the essay that
Essay summarizes the main point of the writer.
3. Introduction C. It refers to the main point of the essay
and can be supported by facts and
explanations.
4. Body D. These are words or phrases that show
the relationship between paragraphs.
5. Conclusion E. It refers to the part of the essay that
introduces the topic and gives background
information about the topic.
F. This part supports the thesis statement
and includes reasons.
2
What’s New
Do you think contents on YouTube should be better regulated? Write your claim
and your reasons inside the boxes that are provided.
Claim: _________________________________________________________
First Reason Second Reason Third Reason

____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
What Is It
You have read an example of an argumentative essay. An argumentative essay

attempts to change the minds of the readers by convincing them to agree with the point
of view of the writer. To have an effective argumentative essay, it requires familiarization
with its basic parts and their descriptions and functions.
Keep in mind that in writing an argumentative essay, your tone should be
convincing or persuading. It should be appealing in the minds of your readers and
should sound formal and factual. You are encouraged to be polite in presenting your
arguments backed up with evidence. The following ways can help you to compose a good
argumentative essay:
1. Finding a good topic and point of view. In finding a topic, it should be of your
interest or an issue that has a conflicting point with your view. Once you have
chosen a topic and have made up your point on what side you are on, you can
search and make a list of evidence and claims for both sides. You can make use
of a chart or a web diagram showing the advantages, disadvantages, pros, cons,
etc. In working with your argument, you will have to explain why your belief is
reasonable and logical. You can list the points that you may use as evidence for
or against an issue. Make sure to back up your claims with facts or evidence and
be ready to refute an opposing claim or idea. If the topic is given, understand the
topic before you make your stand, brainstorm, and gather data.
2. Gather evidence. Your first objective in writing an essay is to assess both sides
of the issue. Determine the powerful arguments for both sides as well as the
strong points of the opposing side so that you can disprove or rebut. Provide
strong evidence with no drama; stick to the facts and examples that support your
stance. These may include statistics, an interview with an expert that will be
compelling to your thesis statement, and an idea on how your claim/stand
impacts the citizens, community, etc.
3
Below are guides that will help you to compose your argumentative essay:
Introduction
a. Give some background information about the issue or the topic.
b. Include a short description of the topic or issue and what to
expect in the essay.
c. State your purpose of writing the essay.
d. Use rhetoric questions if necessary.
e. Clearly state your thesis statement.
Body
1. Argument 1 (First Paragraph)
a. Provide your topic sentence that is usually at the beginning.
i. Explain and provide factual evidence for your argument.
ii. Support the argument with examples.
iii. Consolidate the key ideas in your discussion.
2. Argument 2 (Second Paragraph)

a. Provide your topic sentence that is usually at the beginning.
i. Explain and provide factual evidence for your argument.
ii. Support the argument with examples.
iii. Consolidate the key ideas in your discussion.
3. Counterclaim
a. Introduce the first supporting reason.
b. Cite the details or evidence (e.g. factual evidence).
c. Explain why this detail is important.
Conclusion
a. Restate the thesis statement or the main points in a different and

interesting manner.
b. Summarize the arguments.
c. Call to some action or response. An assertion is made as to why
the given arguments are better than what others presented.
The following tips in writing an argumentative essay are also encouraged:

1. Avoid emotional language that can sound irrational.
2. Know the difference between a logical conclusion and an emotional point
of view.
3. Avoid fabricating evidence and using unreliable sources for evidence. Be
sure to cite them.
4. The tense of the verb must be in the present (unless you told a story in
the past). Use modal verbs and conjunctions for better connections of
ideas.
5. A formal style of writing is required.
4
What’s More
Activity 1. What It Looks Like

Read the following argumentative essay. Using a pen, label the parts of the essay.
Aggressive Driving Should Be Avoided
Aggressive driving is a phenomenon, which has only recently got the public
worried. The National Highway Traffic Safety Council (NHTSC) defines aggressive
driving as the “operation of a motor vehicle in a manner that endangers or is likely
to endanger persons or property”. Actions such as running red lights, improper
passing, overtaking on the left, improper lane change, failing to yield, improper
turns, running stop signs, tailgating, careless driving, and speeding are examples
of aggressive driving. Such actions are dangerous to other road users. Aggressive
driving should be avoided because it causes crashes, injuries, and fatalities.
The first reason why aggressive driving should be avoided is it causes
crashes. According to NHTSC, between 78 percent (excessive speed) and 100
percent (improper passing) of the cases of aggressive driving resulted in traffic
crashes and 96 percent of the drivers cited for “following too closely” or tailgating
causes crashes as a result of their aggressive driving. Moreover, “running a red
light,” “improper passing,” and “overtaking on the left” topped other categories of
aggressive driving in contributing to traffic crashes.
Another reason why aggressive driving should be avoided is it causes
injuries. NHTSC states that the percentages of the injuries caused by aggressive
driving is in almost all categories of aggressive driving, above 100 percent.
Aggressive driving also causes fatalities. “Overtaking on the left” appears
to be the most important contributing factor in traffic fatalities as it relates to
aggressive driving. “Improper lane change,” “running stop sign,” and “running red
light,” rank second through four in terms of their contribution to traffic fatalities.
The above evidence shows that aggressive driving causes crash injuries
and fatalities. Hence, aggressive driving should be avoided. Since the opening on
the North-South Highway, the number of kilometers of roads in the country has
increased by one percent while the number of vehicle miles driven has increased
by 35 percent. More cars and more drivers are also on the road leading to more
aggressive others.
Source: http://learnenglishessay.blogspot.com/2011/12/argumentative-essay.html
Activity 2: Getting Ready to Write

Based on the argumentative essay that you have read, organize the information
below.
Thesis Statement: _____________________________________________
Argument 1 Argument 2 Counter Argument

____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
5
Supporting Details Supporting Details Supporting Details
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
Conclusion: ____________________________________________________
What I Have Learned
In this lesson, you were taught how to compose an argumentative essay.

Complete the sentences below.
1. In this module, I learned ______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
2. One big question that I still have is_____________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________.
What I Can Do
Write a five-paragraph argumentative essay about the given question. Read and
analyze the rubric that will be used to assess your work.
Do you think the internet has positively or negatively impacted human

society?
Rubric for Writing Argumentative Essay

Needs
Very Good Good Fair Earned
Criteria Improvement
(4 points) (3 points) (2 points) Points
(1 point)
INTRODUCTION Introductory Introductory Introduction Thesis
Background/History paragraph is paragraph states the and/or
Define the Problem well- contains thesis but problem is
Thesis Statement developed some does not vague or
and it background adequately unclear.
contains information explain the Background
detailed and states background details are a
background the problem, of the seemingly
information, but does not problem. The random
a clear explain using problem is collection of
explanation details. It stated, but it information,
or definition states the lacks details. unclear, or
6
of the thesis of the not related to
problem, and paper. the topic.
a thesis
statement.
MAIN POINTS Three or Three or Three or Less than
Body Paragraphs more main more main more main three main
Counterclaim points are points are points, but points, with
well- present but all lack poor
developed may lack development. development
with detail and Counterclaim of
supporting development paragraph is ideas. Counte
details. in one or two. missing rclaim
Counterclaim Counterclaim and/or paragraph is
paragraph paragraph vague. missing or
acknowledges acknowledges vague.
the opposing the opposing
view and view but does
summarizes not
their main summarize
points. points.
CONCLUSION Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion
summarizes summarizes summarizes does not
the main main main topics adequately
topics topics. Some but is summarize
without suggestions repetitive. No the main
repeating for change suggestions points. No
previous are evident. for change suggestions
sentences; and/or for change or
the writer's opinions are opinions are
opinions and included. included.
suggestions
for change
are logical
and well-
thought out.
WORKS CITED Source Source Source Lacks
material is material is material is sources
smoothly used. All used, but and/or are
integrated sources are integration not
into the text. accurately may be accurately
All sources documented, awkward. All documented.
are but a few are sources are Format is
accurately not in the accurately incorrect for
documented desired documented, all sources.
in the desired format. but many are
format on the not in the
Works Cited desired
page. format.
MECHANICS Sentence Sentence Work Work

Sentence Structure structure, structure is contains contains
Punctuation & punctuation, generally structural multiple
Capitalization and correct. Some weaknesses incorrect
capitalization awkward and sentence
are correct. sentences do grammatical structures.
appear. There errors. There There are
are one or are three or four or more
two errors in four errors in errors in
punctuation punctuation punctuation
and/or and/or and/or
capitalization. capitalization. capitalization
.
7
Assessment
Choose the letter of your answer in each item. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. What is the main purpose of a background in the introduction?

A. for the audience to be distracted by the claim
B. for the audience to know if he likes the topic or not
C. for the audience to know the opposing point of view
D. for the audience to have more information about the topic
2. In writing the argumentative essay, where are you going to present the evidence
and details?
A. Body C. Conclusion
B. Introduction D. Thesis Statement
3. What does the counterclaim present to the reader?

A. what the writer tries to prove
B. what the audience/reader should believe
C. what someone would argue for the claim
D. what someone would argue against the claim
4. Which of the following is the purpose of the conclusion?

A. gives new information
B. restates the background
C. gives evidence and details
D. restates the argument and the reasons
5. Which of the following options follows the structure of an argumentative essay?

A. introduction, lead, conclusion
B. introduction, body, conclusion
C. introduction, thesis, conclusion
D. introduction, counterclaim, conclusion
8
10
English
Using a Variety of Writing
Techniques
1
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Using a Variety of Writing Techniques

Writer: Clarence Ann M. Castillejo

Editor: Rachelle S. Venus
Reviewer: Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida
Layout Artist: Michelle G. Rocillo

Gizelle V. Laud

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
exhibit communicative competence through your understanding of literature and other
text types for a deeper appreciation of World Literature, including Philippine Literature.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
The module has one lesson, namely Lesson 1 – Using Variety of Writing
Techniques.
After going through this module, you are expected to use a variety of writing
techniques. Specifically, you are expected to:
1. differentiate writing techniques that are used by writers ;
2. identify ways that will serve as a guide in applying any writing techniques; and
3. write paragraphs using a variety of writing techniques.
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which refers to the style of the author in conveying a message in a manner that
is effective and meaningful to the audience?
A. writing techniques C. listening techniques
B. reading techniques D. speaking techniques
2. What is the purpose of expository writing?

A. to explain, inform, or describe
B. to influence an action or thought
C. to narrate a story, real, or imaginative
D. to convince the reader to believe in the writer’s point of view
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true about writing?

A. Appropriate transitional terms must be used.
B. Only one writing style can be used in any piece of writing.
C. The writer must consider who will be the target audience of his writing.
D. Appropriate use of literary devices in writing can highlight the writer’s point.
4. Which of the following topics requires expository writing?

A. Children Should Read More
B. How to Develop Leadership Skills
C. Proper Sleep is Important for Health
D. Having Siblings is Better Than Being Alone
1
5. What is this text passage trying to persuade you to do?
CLEAR YOUR DEBTS FAST!

Do you owe more money than you are making? Do you have lots of different
debts? It’s quick and easy to apply and you could get the money within just
2 days! Yes, that’s right 2 days! So, why waste time? If you want to clear your
debts, make home improvements, go on a holiday, or just buy something
you’ve always wanted, call us now at 0900 7895 2369.
A. to go on holiday
B. to make some home improvements
C. to buy something you have always wanted
D. to take out a loan with the advertising loan company
What’s In
Let us refresh your mind of what you have learned about argumentative writing
by answering this activity. Read each statement below. Write True if the statement is
correct and False if it is not.
True or False Statement

An argumentative essay ends with a conclusion that
1.
summarizes and reflects on the arguments made in the body.
Each paragraph of the essay contains its own topic and must
2.
contribute to the overall argument.
It is in the introduction where the writer presents evidence,
3.
analysis, and reasoning to convince the reader that the thesis
statement is true.
The introduction serves to capture the reader’s interest, to
4.
provide background information, and to present your thesis
statement.
Arguments should be objective in their approach. It should
5.
rely on logic and evidence.
2
What’s New
Identify if each topic requires expository writing or persuasive writing. Write your
answer in each item inside the box.
Expository or Persuasive Topic

1. How to Ride a Bicycle
2. Does Homework Help Students Learn More
3. Benefits of Exercising
4. Eating Healthy Food is More Important Than
Exercising
5. How to Lead a Healthy Lifestyle
What Is It
Writing skills are an important part of communication. It allows you to convey

your message to your audience with clarity and ease. In improving your writing skills,
you need to deepen your understanding of the intended purpose of the text, its
structure, and to which it appeals. This module will give you the information you will
need to maximize your learning experience, writing skills, and persuasive power.
Writers use writing techniques to convey their message in a manner that is effective
and meaningful to their audience. Understanding the different types of writing
techniques is important because you will need to change your style of writing to make
connections with your audience.
Types of Writing Techniques
1. Expository Writing
Expository writing is used to inform, explain, or describe something to the
reader. This is one of the most common types of writing that answers the reader’s
questions, such as what, why, and how. When using an expository writing style,
the writer needs to separate his opinion from the facts he is sharing.
Common Places You Would See Expository Writing

● newspaper articles
● academic journals
● business memos
● manuals for electronics
● textbooks
● recipes
● how-to books and articles
3
2. Persuasive Writing
Persuasive writing is used to convince or influence the reader to believe or
do what the writer wants them to do. This requires the writer to combine research
and logical reasoning with an emotional connection that persuades the reader to
adopt the writer’s personal opinions and beliefs.
Common Places You Would See Expository Writing

• advertisements
• cover letters
• opinion articles/letters to the editor
• letters of recommendation
• reviews of books/movies/restaurants etc.
• letter to a politician
3. Argumentative Writing
The argumentative essay is a genre of writing that requires the writer to
investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a
position on the topic in a concise manner.
Here are some ways to follow that will serve as your guide in writing any
of the above-mentioned techniques:
● Determine the message that you want to convey.
Get to know first the message you are trying to convey to the reader
and the purpose of your writing will help you choose the writing
technique that will be most effective for your piece.
● Identify your audience.

Take into consideration who will be your audience and which writing
technique they will respond to the most effectively.
● Consider combining various types of writing styles.

Many pieces of writing combine two or more writing techniques to
convey a message effectively. There is no rule that says that you can
only use one technique for a piece of writing. In fact, many longer
works will include multiple techniques.
● Use appropriate literary devices.

Literary devices such as similes, metaphors, alliteration,
personification, foreshadowing, and flashbacks, etc., —are powerful
tools writers can use to improve their writing. It will help you highlight
a point, while others aid the description of lifeless objects. Expanding
your knowledge about the different types of literary devices and
knowing which ones work best with each writing technique will give
you a more effective outcome.
4
What’s More
Activity 1. Check This Out

Read the example of an expository paragraph and accomplish the given checklist
by putting a checkmark (/) in the box that corresponds to your answer in each item.
Write your evidence to support your answer.
There are many breathing and posturing techniques you can use to get rid
of hiccups. Most of the techniques are easy to do. According to Healthline, there
are six physical methods of vanquishing your next hiccup: practicing slow
breathing, holding your breath in for a while, breathing into a paper bag, hugging
your knees for two minutes while sitting down, compressing your chest by leaning
or bending forward, and completing the Valsalva maneuver. As stated by
Healthline, “To do this maneuver, try to exhale while pinching your nose and
keeping your mouth closed.” You cannot do all these techniques simultaneously,
but you can try them one by one and see which ones work best for you.
Source: https://www.myperfectwords.com/blog/expository-essay-examples/expository-essay-example-for-
college.pdf
Expository Writing Checklist

Questions Yes No Evidence
1. Did the writer include an opening
sentence that identifies the topic of
the paragraph?
2. Did the writer include three
supporting details that explain the
topic and provide examples for it?
3. Did the writer include a closing
sentence that confirms the topic and
includes a call to action?
4. Did the writer use informing
details or facts?
5. Did the paragraph inform you well
about the topic?
5
Activity 2. Let Me Examine This One
Read the example of the persuasive paragraph and accomplish the given checklist
by putting a checkmark (/) in the box that corresponds to your answer in each item.
Write your evidence to support your answer.
In the twenty-first century, most citizens of the modern world have

practically forgotten how important it is to connect with nature. Despite all the
technological advances and scientific inventions that make us believe we have
nothing in common with the rest of the animal kingdom, we are still part of the
planet, whether we realize it or not. Needless to say, back when humanity’s main
achievements were the invention of the round wheel, or specific tools for farming
and agriculture, human beings were dependent on nature. Now, with the
technological revolutions and discoveries that made our past history, we seem to
pay little attention to nature, getting more and more disconnected from it every
day. However, the links we have with nature cannot disappear. There are a number
of key reasons in favor of the concept that people should try to connect with nature
more than they do today.
Source: https://drjlavcenglish.weebly.com/uploads/5/1/0/2/51027157/types-of-essays.pdf
Persuasive Writing Checklist

Questions Yes No Evidence
1. Did the writer introduce his
opinion in an opening statement?
2. Did the writer present three
reasons to support his opinion?
3. Did the writer restate his opinion
in a concluding statement?
4. Did the writer use emotive and
strong words?
5. Did the writer persuade you to
adopt his opinion or belief?
What I Have Learned
In this lesson, you were taught to use a variety of writing techniques. Complete
the sentences below.
1. In this lesson, I learned ______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
2. One big question that I still have is_____________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________.
6
What I Can Do
1. Write an expository paragraph about how to avoid procrastination. Apply what

you have learned about expository writing. Be guided by the checklist in the
previous activity.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Write a persuasive paragraph about the importance of social media. Apply what
you have learned about persuasive writing. Be guided by the checklist in the
previous activity.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7
Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Why is it important that the writer considers his audience in writing?
A. to explain less ideas
B. to be able to write only a lot of texts
C. to be able to consider only what the writer values
D. to determine the writing technique that will be used
2. Which of the following topics requires expository writing?

A. Kindness is Beautiful
B. How to Plan a Vacation
C. Which is Better: Reward or Punishment
D. Bullying Programs Should be Implemented
3. What writing technique is used in this text?
If you really want the best quality picture, better even than 3D, then you
really need to buy a new 4K TV set. The colors are so vivid, and the picture
pulls you into the scene, making you feel as though you are really a part
of that picture itself. The sound quality is far more superior as well. If you
want to be on top of technology and get the best there is out there, then
You MUST try out the new 4K TV!
A. Narrative Writing
B. Expository Writing
C. Persuasive Writing
D. Descriptive Writing
4. What do writers usually introduce in the first sentence of an expository

paragraph?
A. topic
B. examples
C. call to action
D. supporting detail
5. Which of the following do writers apply to be able to convey a message effectively?

A. Use one writing technique.
B. Limit the use of writing techniques.
C. Avoid the use of any writing techniques.
D. Combine two or more writing techniques.
8
10
English
Composing an Independent
Critique of a Chosen Selection
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Composing an Independent Critique of a Chosen Selection
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such an

Writer: Maribel Anog Gumangan
Editor: Gizelle V. Laud
Reviewer: Gizelle V. Laud
Layout Artists: Maribel Anog Gumangan and Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Gizelle V. Laud

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you better understand
the concept of critiquing as well as the important parts of a critique paper. You will also learn
how to independently critique a given selection. The knowledge that you will acquire in this
lesson can be an excellent preparatory tool for the in-depth discussion of the various approaches
in literary criticism. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. define independent literary critique;
2. evaluate sample independent literary critiques; and
3. compose an independent critique of a chosen selection.
What I Know
Directions: Answer the following questions. Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. What is an independent literary critique?
A. It is a critique that aims to condemn what it does not understand.
B. It is a critique that does not require a standard approach to literary critiquing.
C. It is a technique where a particular literary text and the author of the text are
criticized.
D. It is a critique that looks for what the text lacks and eventually destroys the credibility
of both the text and its author.
2. The following are functions of independent literary critique. Which one is NOT the
function of independent literary critique?
A. Doing independent literary critiquing allows critics to look for flaws in the writer as
well as the writing.
B. One of the guiding functions of an independent literary critique is to explore and
express shifts in sensibility that makes it possible to re-evaluate a book.
C. Independent literary critique gives a unique opportunity for critics to introduce to the
public literary works that have either been forgotten or may not have generated strong
interest in previous years.
D. Independent literary critique attempts to find a broader spectrum of activities, ranging
from book reviews to more in-depth theoretical discussions of a text, thereby
determining whether or not the text is acceptable to the public.
3. During what particular time was the earliest form of literary criticism written?
A. During the Classical Period

B. During the Age of Technology
C. During the Renaissance Period
D. During the Contemporary Period
4. Critiquing is something that we do only in literature.

A. I agree with the statement.
B. Maybe the statement is true.
C. I do not agree with the statement.
D. I am not sure if the statement is correct.
5. What kind of standard theory or approach is applied in independent literary critique?

A. Socialist Approach
B. Feminist Approach
C. Historical Approach
D. None of the above approaches is needed.
1
What’s In
A. Looking Back! In your previous module, you learned about the techniques in writing
informative, persuasive, and argumentative essays. As a review, tell whether the statement
or description falls under persuasive, argumentative, or informational.
__________1. I believe that college students should control all of their own finances because
they possess the intellectual capability and emotional maturity to do so.
__________2. Though some think that a higher minimum wage will cut down on company
hiring, a 2016 study of retail stores in Canada has shown otherwise,
demonstrating hiring levels that remained the same in the wake of rising
wages.
__________3. Literature from the Soviet Union tends to use strategies of realism and to
depict the proletariat as happy and hard-working.
__________4. The goal of this type of paragraph is to convince another person to change, or
at least to think about changing their opinion about something.
__________5. It is a genre of writing that requires the student to investigate a topic, collect,
generate and evaluate evidence, and establish position on the topic in a
concise manner.
B. What type of reasoning is necessary in each picture? Tell whether it is argumentative,

persuasive, or informative. Use the space below each picture.
What’s New
Essential Question:
How can critiquing help improve one’s understanding of a literary text?
Critiquing and evaluating are things that we do every day whether on a personal level or on a
professional level. This starts from the moment we wake up until the time that we go to bed.
There are simply a lot of things that pass through the censor of our eyes that we cannot avoid
evaluating. The news we read on the papers every day, the movies we watch on Netflix or
YouTube, the advertisements we see on billboards, the food that we eat in restaurants, etc., are
only a few of the things that we evaluate and critique every day.
A. The Judge in Me! Look at each item closely and try to list down at least two things you
like about it and two things you do not like about it. Use your best discernment and
judgment when you answer each of the given items.
2
What I like about it What I do not like about it
RC Cola 2020 Commercial
The Movie
The Short Story
B. Meaningful Sharing. After filling out the table above, try to share the activity to any
member of your family. You can ask the same questions and find out whether you have
the same answer or not. Then you can start a conversation about the activity and find
out how their views are different from yours.
What Is It
What is Literary Criticism?
When we talk of literary critique, there is always a tendency to

associate it with a negative viewpoint as though we are trying
to find faults to destroy the image of the text being criticized.
The term literary criticism, however, refers directly to the
‘reasoned consideration’ of literary works and their relatable
issues. It encompasses all arguments about literature. The
earliest form of literary criticism can be seen in Plato’s warnings against the potentially
detrimental effects of poetic inspiration in his work, Republic. More specifically, literary criticism
includes what has been referred to as ‘practical criticism’, or the interpretation of intended
meanings and the overall judgement of quality. Criticism at this level can be seen not only from
an artistic perspective, but also from other viewpoints that might be relevant to students and
others who study literature in more depth than the traditional reader.
What is the Difference between Critiquing and Criticizing?

Critiquing Criticizing
looks at structure finds fault
finds what is working looks for what is lacking
asks for clarification condemns what it does not understand
voice is kind, honest, and objective spoken with a cruel wit and sarcastic tongue
positive (even about what is not working) negative
concrete and specific vague and general
addresses only what is on the page looks for flaws in the writer as well as the writing
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Why Do We Critique?
One of the guiding functions of literary criticism is to explore and express shifts in sensibility
that make it possible to re-evaluate books. In fact, the only requirement for a new critique is that
the original text survived over the years. Literary critics sometimes find that one must wear
multiple hats, acting as a pseudo-detective, uncovering, verifying and editing unknown
manuscripts. Occasionally, literary critics have the unique opportunity to introduce to the public
literary works that have either been forgotten or have not generated strong interest in previous
years. The following are other reasons why we do literary critique:
❖ it helps us develop a clear understanding of the text or related works;
❖ it makes us understand the purpose of the work, the intended audience, the development
of argument, and the structure of evidence or creative style;
❖ it gives recognition of the strengths and weaknesses of the work; and
❖ it is useful in carefully analyzing a variety of works such as creative works (novels,
exhibits, film, images), research (monographs, journal articles, reviews), or media- (news
reports and feature articles).
GUIDE IN WRITING AN INDEPENDENT CRITIQUE
When you write an independent critique, you are not bound by any literary
approach. You have the leeway to compose a critique without having to follow
certain standards. In this lesson, you will try to write a critique of a selected
story without using any approach in critiquing. Instead, you will be provided
with simple questions to help you compose an independent critique. Analyze the
table below.
Write a brief summary of the story.

● What is the setting?
Paragraph 1 ● Who are the important characters? Give a short description of each.
● What is the conflict in the story?
● What is the most interesting part of the story?
● How is the problem solved?
● How does the story end?
Paragraph2 What do you like about the story? What
makes you like it?
What scene or situation in the story do you find interesting? Why?
Paragraph 3 What part/aspect of the story do you not like? Cite reasons why you do not like it.
Quote direct statements/lines that you dislike and expound on it.
Paragraph 4 What line(s)/ situation/event from the story can you relate with? Write about the
connection between the events in the story and your personal experiences.
Paragraph 5 Conclude by restating your main points. On a
scale of 1-10, rate the story.
SAMPLE INDEPENDENT LITERARY CRITIQUE
The Last Leaf

By O. Henry
William Sydney Porter (1862 – 1910), known by his pen name O. Henry, a versatile
famous writer in the United States in the 19th century, was born in North Carolina,
United States. “The Last Leaf” is one of the most famous stories of O. Henry.
4
The Last Leaf was a story of two young artists, Sue and Johnsy who first met
in Spring sometime in May. Sue was from Maine while Johnsy was from
California. The two, having similar tastes in art and other things, decided to stay
together and rented at the top of a three-story brick apartment in Greenwich
Village, New York City. The colony where they lived was famous for artists’
accommodation because of good ambience and cheap rates, and they too, were
Paragraph 1 budding artists – painters. Setting and characters) In November, the village
was swept by a pneumonia epidemic where Johnsy was hit with one. She
became very sick and was bedridden. The doctors had given up the hope that
she would get well because she herself was pessimistic about getting well
again. She looked outside of the ivy vine tree and started counting the leaves as
they dropped. She assumed that she would die when the last leaf from the tree
fell. She started counting as the leaves fell one by one, until there were only five
leaves left. (Conflict)Troubled, Sue approached Behrman, a 60-year-old artist
who lived downstairs, who claimed to produce a masterpiece but failed to do
so in the last 40 years. He, too, ridiculed Johnsy’s fears. At night, a turbulent
storm came and Johnsy thought that the last leaf would fall during the night
and that she would die too. In the morning, Johnsy found herself alive and
asked Sue to show her the window. There she saw the last leaf of the vine intact.
(Climax) She recovered by the end of the day and felt sorry for her negative
thoughts. In the evening, Sue learned that the old artist, Behrman, died of
pneumonia. (Falling Action) The janitor explained to Sue that in the stormy
night Behrman had gone out to paint a leaf on the wall where an ivy vine tree
took support. It was Behrman’s masterpiece that had saved the life of young
Johnsy. (Denouement)
On a personal note, I like the way Sue and Mr. Behrman showed concern and
support to Johnsy during the time that she was sick. Their values are very
much like the Filipinos’. Sue never gave up even though Johnsy and the
doctors lost hope on her condition. She was determined that Johnsy will
recover. Another thing that I find interesting in the story is in the way Mr.
Paragraph 2 Behrman finally fulfilled his long-time ambition to paint his masterpiece! He
eventually painted after 40 long years not as a fulfillment of his dream, but
as a means to save the life of a young artist. In doing so, his painting was
given meaning and worth. It became a great work of art! A Masterpiece! Mr.
Behrman mirrors a parent who is ready to sacrifice his/her life for the
betterment of his/her children.
One thing that troubled me in this story is the part where Johnsy became
Paragraph 3 pessimistic about her condition. She lost hope and faith in what God could
do to make her well again. Instead, she put her life in the hands of the leaves
of the ivy vine. This shows very little faith in God.
Nowadays, teenagers can easily say that they are depressed even outside
medical findings. When they are faced with difficulties or challenges in life,
they immediately conclude that they are depressed, and they start diverting
and finding solutions in vices and other more frustrating actions. In the story,
the sickness that Johnsy suffered from symbolizes the problems that we
encounter in life. In times like these, people approach problems differently.
Paragraph 4 Some are like Sue who is very optimistic, while some others are like Johnsy
who is pessimistic and would depend on fate or natural law. Still others are
like Mr. Behrman, who keeps on dreaming but never makes the first step to
achieve their dreams. We should not be deceived by problems and
frustrations. In my younger years, I encountered countless difficulties and
challenges that almost led me to my doom. I stood up and started to face my
problems and tried to find solutions to each of them until I outsmarted them
all. Just like the last leaf that laid still on the window, I emerged glorious and
successful. Then I said to myself, “If there is God and I am determined to
succeed, then I will!”
The last leaf is a deception, but it is a great deception to bring about the
belief in human life. This is a perfect unselfish sacrifice story because it
can touch feelings and emotions. Thereby, everyone can find themselves in
Paragraph 5 the character of Johnsy who is in the feeling of disappointment about life.
You can also find yourself in the character of Sue who is so persistent, and
Mr. Behrman, who grows old with his dreams. That is why I would
recommend that you read this story once in your life for you might find
yourself in it.
On a scale of 1-10, 1 being the lowest and 10 being the highest, I would give
the story a 10 for the simple reason that it manifests the values and truth
Rating about life.
5
What’s More
A. EXPLORE WITH ME!

Recall the contents of each of the five paragraphs discussed earlier. Then, read the sample
critique of the short story, “The Story of Keesh” by Jack London. Identify the paragraph
number where each part belongs.
Paragraph Number
Unfortunately, I do not like the way the tribe treated Keesh. Instead of being
grateful and thankful for receiving fresh meat from Keesh, they accused him of
witchcraft. They did not even bother asking him first how successful he was in
his hunting trips.
On a scale of 1-10, I would rate the story 8/10. I like how Keesh’s character
developed in the story. He did not keep grudges from the villagers, instead, he
explained how he did it.
I can relate to how Keesh tried to be the best hunter. Like me, I also want to be
the best in what I do. I work hard and practice more than the others.
The Story of Keesh, written by Jack London, narrates the life of Keesh, a
thirteen-year-old boy, who was forced to hunt because his father died, one of
the best huntsmen in his tribe. As time passed by, he trained to be a great
hunter but was scorned by his tribe. He went hunting alone and every time he
returned to the village, he was successful and had large amounts of meat for
the tribe. Because of this, he was accused of practicing witchcraft. The villagers
even sent scouts to trail him to find out if he was truly practicing witchcraft.
Upon his return, he explained to the villagers his hunting technique. When the
chief of the tribe died, Keesh was the one who replaced him because of his
hunting prowess.
What I like about the story is how Keesh is determined to honor his father’s
memory by becoming a great hunter like him. I think the way he looks up to his
father is very admirable. Keesh has a strong sense of respect and love for his
family.
B. Dare the Challenge!

Read the story, “The Lady, or The Tiger?” by Frank
Stockton. Use the link to find the story. In the organizer, write
words or phrases that you can use as a guide in your critique
later.
(http://www.eastoftheweb.com/short-
stories/UBooks/LadyTige.shtml)
What I Have Learned
A. Exit Ticket: After having read the discussions in this module, what important things have
you learned? Fill in the Exit Ticket below by writing one or two questions about the topic.
Then write your answers, too. Use the template provided.
Quiz Questions
If you were going to make up a test question for today's lesson, what would it be? What’s the
answer?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6
B. Supply the answer to the Essential Question asked earlier in this
module. Write keywords or phrases in the organizer provided.
What I Can Do
A. Revisiting the Past!

1. Remember important events/situations in the story, “The Lady, or The Tiger?” by Frank
Stockton.
2. Go over the details you wrote under Dare the Challenge.
● Summary of the story
● What you find interesting in the story
● What you did not like/or what you find disturbing in the story
● How events in the story are related to your experience
● How well you like/dislike the entire story
3. Prepare to write an independent critique of the story, “The Lady, or The Tiger?”
B. Accepting the Challenge!

You are now ready to compose an independent critique of the given story. You may find the
questions in each box helpful in composing your Independent Literary Critique. Read the
Rubrics below to guide you in your assessment. Use a separate sheet of paper for your
critique.
An Independent Critique of The Lady, or The Tiger?
By Frank Stockton
Paragraph 1
● Give a brief summary of the story following the plot of a short story.
● Limit your sentence to a maximum of 7 sentences only.
Paragraph 2
● What part of the story amused you? Why?
● Limit your sentences in the paragraph to a maximum of 5.
Paragraph 3
● What part of the story did you not like?
● How do you think this part could be improved? What could have been done
by the character/s?
Paragraph 4
● What event in the story have you in a way experienced too?
● What did you do in such a situation?
● Limit your sentence to a maximum of 5.
Paragraph 5
● How did the story affect you?
● On a scale of 1-10, what rating will you give the story? Why?
● You can use up to 3 sentences here.
Rubrics for the Independent Literary Critique
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
First paragraph is First paragraph A catchy No attempt was
catchy. has a weak beginning was made to catch the
Thesis is evident "grabber." Thesis attempted but reader's attention in
Introduction and the point to is mixed among was confusing the first paragraph.
and Thesis be argued is well many sentences rather than Thesis is not
stated. that are hard to catchy. Thesis is apparent nor is the
piece together. not entirely topic of
apparent the essay.
although the
topic is evident.
7
The essay is very The essay is The essay is a Ideas seem to be
well organized. pretty well little hard to randomly arranged.
Organization Five paragraphs organized. Five follow. No effort at
(or more) are paragraphs are Paragraphs are paragraph
evident. One idea evident. One idea unclear. The organization.
or argument may seem out of transitions are
follows another in place. Clear sometimes not
a logical sequence transitions are clear.
with clear used.
transitions.
Analysis The essay The essay The essay The essay does not
thoroughly analyzes analyzes the somewhat analyzes analyze the author’s
the author’s style/ author’s style/ the author’s style/ style/ techniques
techniques using techniques techniques using using literary terms,
literary terms. mostly using literary terms but or the essay contains
literary terms. contains some little analysis and
summary of the mostly just
plot. summarizes
the plot.
Closing Conclusion Conclusion restates Conclusion vaguely Paper does not
Paragraph concisely restates thesis statement, restates thesis contain a conclusion
thesis statement, main points, and statement, main or conclusion is not
main points, and includes a final points, and apparent to the
includes an concluding thought includes a weak reader.
insightful final on the topic. final concluding
concluding thought thought on the
on topic.
the topic.
Mechanics The essay is free The essay has The essay has The essay has more
of mechanics two or three four or five than five mechanics
error. mechanics mechanics error.
error. error.
Assessment
Directions: Answer the following questions. Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. A literary critique, sometimes called literary analysis or literary critical analysis, is a
literary technique that is written to __________
A. investigate the credibility of the text.
B. condemn the writer as well as his piece of work.
C. find faults and look for what is lacking in the story.
D. explore and express shifts in sensibility that make it possible to re- evaluate a text.
2. Which of the following theories on literary criticism is NOT true?
A. The earliest form of literary criticism dated back to the time of Plato
B. Literary criticism emerged only in the contemporary period due to the dramatic
increase of literary articles.
C. The best critics pay little attention to the boundaries between criticism and other
social conventions.
D. The responsibility of the critic is not to stroke the ego of the writer, but rather to
compel the public to become involved in the conversation and to develop their own
standard of judgement.
3. In writing an independent critique, which of the following details is NOT included in the
first paragraph of your paper?
A. Conflict and climax
B. Setting and characterization
C. Overall assessment of the text
D. Falling action and denouement
4. What literary approach is used in writing an independent critique?
A. Marxist Approach
B. none in particular
C. Feminist Approach
D. Structuralist Approach
5. In your opinion, what is the importance of doing an independent literary critique of any
piece of literature? Provide a single sentence for your answer.
____________________________________________________________________________.
8
10
English
Critiquing A Literary Selection
Using Structuralist/Formalist
and Moralist Approach
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Critiquing A Literary Selection Using Structuralist/Formalist and
Moralist Approach
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the

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Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you exhibit
understanding of the various literary pieces using the different approaches in studying and
analyzing literature. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. identify structuralist/formalist and moralist approach; and
2. critique a literary selection using structuralist/formalist and moralist approach.
What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following approaches to literary criticism is primarily concerned with the
form and structure of the particular text?
A. Feminist B. Formalist C. Historical D. Moralist
2. What literary element does the underlined statement in the excerpt below show? “It was
a dark autumn night. The old banker was pacing from corner to corner of his study, recalling
to his mind the party he gave in the autumn fifteen years ago.”
A. Conflict B. Character C. Setting D. Theme
3. What human sense is evoked in the excerpt below?
“In the prisoner's room a candle was burning dim. The prisoner himself sat by the table.
Only his back, the hair on his head and his hands were visible. On the table, the two chairs,
the carpet by the table, and open books were strewn.”
A. Auditory B. Gustatory C. Olfactory D. Visual
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the moralist approach?
A. It looks into the humanistic values of the text.
B. It looks into the historical, social, and cultural circumstances.
C. It is a movement that aims to provide equal opportunities for women.
D. It determines how the elements work together in developing the theme.
5. Which of the following statements does NOT show moralistic reading?
A. The character has this belief that God will provide for them if they only believe
and pray.
B. The character's action displays a general habit of the people who cannot admit
their defeat.
C. The lawyer ultimately realized that wisdom is far more important in life than
fleeting material possessions.
D. The story uses a lot of irony in order to show contrast between the life led by two
different men of different values.
What’s In
In your previous lesson, you analyzed a literary selection using an independent critique.
Based on what you have learned, underline T if the statement is true and F if the statement is
false.
T F 1. Literary criticism is a comparison, interpretation, analysis, and evaluation of
the work of literature.
T F 2. Analyzing a literary text gives a better sense of the work; forms judgement
about literature; studies different points of view; and judges if the literary work
is worth reading.
1
T F 3. Literary criticism is an opinion supported by evidence.
T F 4. Analyzing a literary text means identifying whether the work is good or bad.
T F 5. Writing a critique increases the reader’s understanding of the text.
What’s New
A. Can you still recognize your lesson on literary elements and literary devices? How do they
help you understand a literary text? Match the items in column A with their function in
column B.
Column A Column B
_____1. character A. this creates mental picture through the use of words that
_____2. setting appeal to the senses
_____3. plot B. the sequence of events in the story
_____4. theme C. the central idea conveyed in the literary piece
_____5. mood D a word or a phrase that has a separate meaning from its
literal definition
_____6. imagery
E. the central struggle between two opposing forces
_____7. symbolism
F. the participating personages, animals, being, creatures
_____8. figures of or objects in a story
speech G. the physical location of the story and the time when the
_____9. conflict story is taking place
H. the certain feeling that is evoked in the readers through
the words and descriptions
I. the use of objects or symbols to represent ideas or theme
J. the perspective from which the story is told
B. Recall your favorite book, story, or movie that you like. What makes you like that book, story,
or movie?
https://www.amazon.com.uk/theater
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2 http://wwwartpleinair.blogspot.com
2527035-david-swan. /2011/01/ten-novel-ways-of-
drawing-in-novel-be.html
What Is It
The previous activity allows you to recall your favorite book, story or movie and give
reasons why you like them, which is also what we do in reading and
analyzing literature. Literature is a term used to describe written and
sometimes spoken material. It commonly refers to works of the
creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, and
in some instances, journalism, and song (Esther Lombardi, 2020).
There are various approaches in studying or analyzing
literature. These approaches are like different “lenses”. Just like a
pair of glasses you put on when you read, you use a particular lens
or lenses to focus clearly on the literary text.
https://www.WordPress.com
2
A. The Structuralist/Formalist Approach Literary
Formalism is a literary approach and theory primarily concerned with the Elements
form and structure of a particular text. It does not take any outside influence Plot
into consideration; it simply disregards the work’s cultural, historical, or Characters
social influence; authorship; and content. Instead, it considers the Point of View
components of the text. Conflict
Formalism, or closely reading a text, requires the reader to be aware of Theme
the literary text elements, which are elements that should be present in any Setting
piece of literature. Whereas, literary devices are techniques that writers use Tone
to create a special and pointed effect in their writing, to convey information, Mood
or to help readers understand their writing on a deeper level.
In analyzing literature using the Formalist Approach, you should consider how the elements
of a certain text like a narrative work together in order to develop a certain effect. As Formalism
suggests, all the elements necessary for understanding a piece of literary work are found in the
work itself. Therefore, you should look closely into actual lines, details, and literary devices found
right in the text.
Literary Devices
How to Use the Formalist Approach in Reading Literature Symbolisms-- the
1. Identify the various elements present in the text. use of symbols to
2. Determine how the elements work together in developing the theme. represent ideas or
3. Assess the overall artistic value of the text. At this point, ask themes.
yourself the following questions: Imagery-- the vivid
a. Does the text leave a strong impression on me? Why or why not? details that set the
b. What elements in the text worked or did not work? Why? tone and mood or
atmosphere by
appealing to the
Analyzing A Poem Using Structuralist/Formalist Approach senses.
Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day? (Sonnet 18)

Literary Elements and Form
William Shakespeare - 1564-1616
-Type of poetry: Sonnet
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? -Form: 14 lines
Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 3 Quatrains (Stanzas with 4 lines)
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 1 Couplet (Final Stanza with 2 lines)
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. -Rhyme Scheme: ababcdcdefefgg
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, -Tone: romantic appreciation of a young
And often is his gold complexion dimmed; man intrigued by a woman’s beauty
And every fair from fair sometime declines, -Mood: The sonnet features an
By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed; affectionate mood
But thy eternal summer shall not fade, -Metaphor:
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade, Thou art more lovely and more
When in eternal lines to Time thou grow'st. temperate.”
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, -Point of View: First Person Point of
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee View
Analyzing A Short Story Using Structuralist/Formalist Approach

Title: The Piece of String
Author: Guy De Maupasant
Literary Elements
-Maitre Hauchecome, the protagonist in the story, was wrongly accused for stealing
a pocketbook with five hundred francs.
Characters -Maitre Malandain, the antagonist in the story, was the enemy of the protagonist.
He accused Maitre Hauchecome of stealing the pocket book.
-Maitre Fortune, owner of the pocketbook
-Marius Paumelle, the one who found the leather pocketbook
-The Mayor
Settings It was market-day, and from all the country round Goderville the peasants and their
wives were coming towards the town.
Conflict -Man vs. man: Maitre Hauchecome was accused of getting the black leather
pocketbook containing five hundred francs and some business papers by his enemy-
Maitre Malandain.
-Man vs. society: Being unaware, people around him still alleged him although the
pocketbook was already returned.
Point of View The story is written in the third-person point of view
Tone/ Through the vivid imagery of the people’s bodies, the opening scene sets the busy
Mood and pessimistic tone and overall depressing mood of the entire story.
3
Exposition: Maitre Hauchecome of Breaute is an unfortunate fellow; his poverty is
raking in most of his worries. When walking into town one day, he comes upon a piece
of string. He picks it up and continues on. But he notices a man in a window observing
his peculiar behavior. The man is Maitre Malandain, the harness maker, and
Mauchecome's only enemy. The two make blistering eye contact, but then go about
their ways.
Rising Action: At Jourdain’s, the town tavern, Hauchecome is called into the Mayor's
office for inquiry. Early there was an announcement made for the loss of a pocketbook
Plot containing five hundred francs and business papers. Of course, these two events are
closely tied for poor Hauchecome is accused of stealing the pocketbook. He pleads and
argues for his innocence for someone must have seen him pick something up, and it
was only a piece of string! That person happened to be Maitre Maladain, the evil man
turning Hauchecome in for a crime he had not committed.
Climax: Hauchecome is determined, and travels to the outskirts of town to retrace his
steps in search of the wallet. To his pleasure, he discovers the news of the wallet being
returned. He returns back to town to celebrate and divulge his innocence only to find
that still no one believes his guilt has been absolved.
Falling Action: Later on Hauchecome dies a "guilty" man still beseeching his
innocence to anyone who will listen.
Resolution: Maitre Hauchecome's innocence is never returned even though he earned
it.
Theme the injustice of humanity
Figures of Speech
Simile Their starched blue blouses, glossy as though varnished, ornamented at collar and cuffs
with a little embroidered design and blown out around their bony bodies, looked very
much like balloons about to soar.
Hyperbole He went home indignant, choking with rage, with confusion, the more cast down since
with his Norman craftiness he was, perhaps, capable of having done what they accused
him of and even of boasting of it as a good trick. He was dimly conscious that it was
impossible to prove his innocence, his craftiness being so well known. He felt himself
struck to the heart by the injustice of the suspicion.
Literary Devices
Imagery In the market-place at Goderville was a great crowd, a mingled multitude of men and
beasts. The horns of cattle, the high, long-napped hats of wealthy peasants, the head-
dresses of the women came to the surface of that sea. And the sharp, shrill, barking
voices made a continuous, wild din, while above it occasionally rose a huge burst of
laughter from the sturdy lungs of a merry peasant or a prolonged bellow from a cow tied
fast to the wall of a house. It all smelled of the stable, of milk, of hay and of perspiration,
giving off that half-human, half-animal odor which is peculiar to country folks.
Symbolism The Piece of String
Its value and size are the symbolic irony of the big event that changes his life.
B. Moralist Approach
One way to study a piece of literature is by assessing the
moral values it gives and the influence it has over its readers.
Ever since the early days of childhood when bedtime
stories were composed of fairy tales and fables, children are https://www.dreamstime.com/illustr https://webstockre
view.net/explore/bi
taught that there is a moral in every story. E. M. Forster ation/scales-justice-sketch.html
ble-clipart-sketch/
stated that every good story has a moral, and every bad
story is a moral, now it is necessary to deduce the moral.
This is because the ultimate aim of literature is to make the
world a better place, which is impossible without teaching
morals.
In analyzing a literary selection using the moralist
approach, you can look into the humanistic values of the
text—equality, tolerance, social justice, and cultural
sensitivity—and evaluate its impact on society.
https://www.assignmentpoint.com/arts/literature/monkey-
The questions below are designed to give you a turtle.html
glimpse of the Moralist Approach to evaluating a piece

of literature.
1. What is the main character’s view in life? What is his or her relationship to God? What is
the significance of his or her life on Earth?
2. What ethical principles does the story present?
3. What moral teachings does the author present?
4. What do you think is the author’s attitude toward the world? Toward fate? Toward God?
5. Is the author’s treatment of the subject matter, theme, and character sincere, mature, true,
sensitive, or brave? How is that so?
6. Does the text aim to manipulate the reader or prompt him to do negative things? How is
that so?
4
Below are example excerpts and analysis from the different literary texts using a
Moralist Approach.
1. The Fox and the Grapes by Aesop
“Again and again he tried after the tempting morsel, but at last had to give it up,
and walked away with his nose in the air, saying: ‘I am sure they are sour.’”
Analysis:
These are the closing lines taken from Aesop’s Fable The Fox and the Grapes. It
is through the last statement that the fox expresses its dislike of grapes, which it had
tried again and again to grasp. This particular story by Aesop discusses a general habit
of the people who cannot admit their defeat. Instead, they pass on the blame to someone
or something else. The same is the case with the fox in this story, who fails after several
attempts.
2. Dr. Faustu by Christopher Marlowe
Analysis:
“My God, my God, look not so fierce on me! Soliloquy-- a literary
device in the form of a
Alders and serpents let me breathe a while!
speech or monologue
Ugly hell, gape not: come not Lucifer:
spoken by a single
I’ll burn my books: Ah Mephistophilis!” character in a theatrical
play or drama.
One can easily detect the horror and terror
expressed by Dr. Faustus in his final soliloquy. His fall
indicates that, in spite of being an educated person, he made a great mistake by selling
his soul to the devil. His repentance for his misdeeds leads the reader to realize that the
path of the devil is doomed. The story of Dr. Faustus symbolizes the eternal struggle
between good and evil, and vice and virtue.
3. The World is An Apple by Alberto S. Florentino
It is a story about a man named Mario, who suffered in extreme poverty, so, he walked
through the sinful road. He stole with his friends to experience pleasures. He gained a lot of money
from it. However, he changed when he met Gloria who was a pious woman and he became her
husband. Gloria, despite of Mario’s past, accepted him because she believed that he will change.
Indeed, Mario changed. In fact, he had a legal job.
Analysis:
This part of the play The World is an Apple shares the idea that anybody can
change especially if there is someone who will make him or her realize his or her worth.
4. The World is An Apple by Alberto S. Florentino
Mario was forced to steal an apple when he took his daughter for a walk. They passed by
a grocery store that sold delicious apples as they were on their way home. His daughter wanted him
to buy one but he couldn’t because he had no enough money that time. What he did was he bought
her one small green apple but she just threw it away, saying it was not a real one. Due to an apple,
he lost his job.
Analysis:
This part of the literary piece discusses that it is the moral obligation of a father
to provide for the needs of his family and to secure their good future. However, it should
come from hard-earned means. This also shows that a father can do anything for his
family just to give them a better life.
5
What’s More
Do as indicated.
A. Analyze the excerpts below using Structuralist/Formalist Approach.
Nothing Gold Can Stay

Robert Frost
Nature’s first green is gold, __
Her hardest hue to hold. __
Her early leaf’s a flower; __
But only so an hour. __
Then leaf subsides to leaf. __

So Eden sank to grief, __
So dawn goes down to day __
Nothing gold can stay. __
__________1. How many stanzas and lines does the poem have?
__________2. What is the rhyme scheme used in the poem above?
__________3. What sound device is used in the second line of the first stanza in the poem
above?
__________4. What figure of speech is used in the underlined statement?
“The banker cautiously tore the seals from the door and put the key into the lock. The
rusty lock gave a hoarse groan and the door creaked. The banker expected instantly
to hear a cry of surprise and the sound of steps.”
The Bet by Anton Chekhov
__________5. To what human sense does the excerpt below appeal?

But, oh, after the heavy rain and the strong wind, one leaf was still hanging on the
vine. The last leaf. still dark green, it hung from a branch some twenty feet above the
ground.
The Last Leaf by O. Henry
B. Put a check (✔) before the statement if it shows a Moralistic Reading and cross (X) if
not.
__________1. Despite the hardship and the poor living condition of their family, they never
sought after wealth and earthly possessions just to make them happy. The
root of their happiness was brought by their contentment, appreciation, and
love for each other. ~ My Father Goes to Court by Carlos Bulosan
__________2. The character believes that having a sense of identity helps her connect with
the people around her. Yet, her surroundings also contribute to her losing her
sense of identity. ~Under My Invisible Umbrella by Laurel Fantauzzo
__________3. The theme of the story revolves around the incomparable love of a mother to
her daughter. Nothing is as enduring and as protective than a
mother’s love. ~Magnificence by Estrella Alfon
__________4. The story centers on the importance of hardwork and that being slow and
steady also guarantees success in whatever you do. ~The Hare and the
Rabbit by Aesop
__________5. The setting is set in the future, when people are divided into 5 categories in
society. ~Divergent, by Veronica Roth
6
What I Have Learned
Summing up what I learned in my journey through this lesson, I learned

that_________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
Applying Structuralist/Formalist Approach in Analyzing a Literary Selection

Choose one short story. Provide a summary of it. Using Structuralist/Formalist and
Moralist Approach, analyze your chosen short story by answering the guide questions below.
Title
Author
Summary_______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________.
Formalist
Element Description
● Character (s): Who are the characters in the story?
● Setting: Where and when does the story take place?

● Conflict: What is the main problem in the story?
● Plot: What is happening in the story?
● Tone/Mood: What is the author’s attitude towards the subject? What
kind of emotion or feeling do you get after reading the story?
● Point of View: Who is telling or narrating the story? Is one character
acting as a narrator (first person), or is someone telling what is going
on (third person)?
● Theme: What is the central idea conveyed in the story?
Moralist
Cite the line or lines from the story above then answer ANY of the following questions.
1. What is the main character’s view in life? What is his or her relationship to God? What
is the significance of his or her life on Earth?
2. What ethical principles does the story present?
3. What moral teachings does the author present?
Line/s:
______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
Answer to the question/s:
______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What type of conflict is expressed in the excerpt below?
7
The lawyer and the banker disagree on terms of capital punishment or death penalty. While the
banker thinks it is more humane than life imprisonment, the lawyer disagrees and believes that
a prisoner's life is preferable to death. The two gentlemen bet on this matter. ~The Bet by Anton
Chekhov
A. man vs. man B. man vs. fate C. man vs. self D. man vs. society
2. What literary element does the underlined statement in the excerpt below show?
“It was a dark autumn night. The old banker was pacing from corner to corner of his study,
recalling to his mind the party he gave in the autumn fifteen years ago.”
A. Conflict B. Character C. Setting D. Theme
3. What human sense is evoked in the excerpt below?
“In the prisoner's room a candle was burning dim. The prisoner himself sat by the table.
Only his back, the hair on his head and his hands were visible. On the table, the two chairs,
the carpet by the table, open books were strewn.”
4. What rhyming pattern is employed in the excerpt below?
Autumn Song
Charles Baudelaire
Shortly we will plunge within the frigid gloom,
Farewell swift summer brightness; all too short
I hear already sounding with a death-like boom
The wood that falls upon the pavement of the court.
A. aabb B. abab C. abca D. abcd

5. To what human sense does the excerpt below appeal?
“It all smelled of the stable, of milk, of hay and of perspiration, giving off that half-human,
half-animal odor which is peculiar to country folks.”
6. Which of the following statements is true about the Moralist Approach?
A. It looks into the humanistic values of the text.
B. It looks into the historical, social, and cultural circumstances.
C. It is a movement that aims to provide equal opportunities for women.
D. It determines how the elements work together in developing the theme.
7. Which of the following approaches to literary criticism is primarily concerned with the
form and structure of the particular text?
A. Feminist B. Formalist C. Historical D. Moralist
8. Which of the following statements does NOT show moralistic reading?
A. The character has this belief that God will provide for them if they only believe
and pray.
B. The character's action displays a general habit of the people who cannot admit
their defeat.
C. The lawyer ultimately realized that wisdom is far more important in life than
D. The story uses a lot of irony in order to show contrast between the life led by two
9. Which of the following questions is asked in analyzing a literary selection using
Structuralist/Formalist Approach?
A. What is the significance of his or her life on Earth?
B. What elements in the text worked or did not work? Why?
C. What do you think is the author’s attitude toward the world? Toward fate? Toward
God?
D. Does the text aim to manipulate the reader or prompt him to do negative things?
How is that so?
10. Which of the following uses Structuralist/Formalist Approach in analyzing a literary
selection?
A. The lawyer ultimately realized that wisdom is far more important in life than
B. The story uses a lot of irony in order to show contrast between the life led by two
C. The story shows the Russians’ conflicting attitude toward capital punishment
during the period of the Russian empire in the late 1800s.
D. The banker realized that he had lived a life that was occupied with material
concerns and not on deepening his understanding of what life really meant.

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10

Published by the Department of Education-Schools Division of Makati City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ramon Michael G Renzales II

Editor: Rachelle S. Venus

Reviewer: Ian Paul Blas; Gizelle V. Laud

Layout Artist: Michelle G. Rocillo

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

3. Which of the following describes a counterclaim?

4. Which of the following is the first step to consider in writing an essay?

Match the words in Column A with their definitions in Column B.

First Reason Second Reason Third Reason

You have read an example of an argumentative essay. An argumentative essay

2. Argument 2 (Second Paragraph)

a. Restate the thesis statement or the main points in a different and

The following tips in writing an argumentative essay are also encouraged:

Activity 1. What It Looks Like

Aggressive Driving Should Be Avoided

Activity 2: Getting Ready to Write

Thesis Statement: _____________________________________________

Argument 1 Argument 2 Counter Argument

What I Have Learned

In this lesson, you were taught how to compose an argumentative essay.

2. One big question that I still have is_____________________________________________

Do you think the internet has positively or negatively impacted human

Rubric for Writing Argumentative Essay

MECHANICS Sentence Sentence Work Work

1. What is the main purpose of a background in the introduction?

3. What does the counterclaim present to the reader?

4. Which of the following is the purpose of the conclusion?

5. Which of the following options follows the structure of an argumentative essay?

Published by the Department of Education-Schools Division of Makati City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Clarence Ann M. Castillejo

Layout Artist: Michelle G. Rocillo

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

2. What is the purpose of expository writing?

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true about writing?

4. Which of the following topics requires expository writing?

CLEAR YOUR DEBTS FAST!

True or False Statement

Expository or Persuasive Topic

Writing skills are an important part of communication. It allows you to convey

Common Places You Would See Expository Writing

Common Places You Would See Expository Writing

● Identify your audience.

● Consider combining various types of writing styles.

● Use appropriate literary devices.

Activity 1. Check This Out

Expository Writing Checklist

In the twenty-first century, most citizens of the modern world have

Persuasive Writing Checklist

What I Have Learned

2. One big question that I still have is_____________________________________________

1. Write an expository paragraph about how to avoid procrastination. Apply what