TYPES OF CURRICULUM

} Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

“the subjects that are taught by a school, college
etc., OR the things that are studied in a particular
subject”
} Merriam Webster
“the courses offered by an educational institution,
OR the set of courses constituting an area of
specification”
}Word Origin & History
1824, modern coinage from Latin “currere” meaning
"a running, course, career," from. Used in English
as a Latin word since 1630s at Scottish universities.
(Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper)
“In its narrow sense, curriculum is viewed merely as a
listing of subjects to be taught in school. In a
broader sense, it refers to the total learning
experiences of individuals not only in schools but
in societies as well.”
(Bilbao, P.P. 2008. Curriculum Development. Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.)
} “… a body of subjects or subject matter
prepared by the teachers for the students to
learn.”
(Bilbao, P.P. 2008. Curriculum Development. Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.)

-> a curriculum = a syllabus/ course of study/

field of study

“Most of the traditional ideas view curriculum as

written documents or a plan of action in
accomplishing goals.”
} Glatthorn (1987) defines the curriculum as:

“… plans made for guiding learning in schools,

usually represented in retrievable documents
of several levels of generality, and the
implementation of those plans in the
classroom …”
} “… a listing of school subjects, syllabi, course
of study, and list of courses or specific
discipline do not make a curriculum. These can
only be called curriculum if the written
materials are actualized by the learner”
(Bilbao, P.P. 2008. Curriculum Development. Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.)

-> THE TOTAL LEARNING EXPERIENCES OF THE

INDIVIDUAL
1. Recommended curriculum
2. Written curriculum
3. Taught curriculum
4. Supported curriculum
5. Assessed curriculum
6. Learned curriculum
7. Hidden curriculum

(Bilbao, P.P. 2008. Curriculum Development. Lorimar

Publishing, Inc.)
} It may come from

- a national agency

- any professional organization who has stake

in education

-> at the NATIONAL level

} Written syllabuses & lesson plans made by
curriculum experts with participation of
teachers

- Were pilot-tested
- Tried out in sample schools or population

-> at the SCHOOL level

} Varied activities in learning plans that are
implemented in order to arrive at the
objectives or purposes of the written
curriculum.

- > at the CLASS level

} Includes facilities, such as textbooks, visual
aids, equipment, etc.

-> Material resources

} Evaluations done by the teachers to
determine the extent of teaching or to tell if
the students are progressing.

-> End-of-term or achievement tests

Lessons learned or experiences

} Results of the tests

} Changes in behaviour

-> Learning outcomes

} Not deliberately planned but may modify
behaviour or influence learning outcomes,
such as peer influence, school environment,
physical condition, teacher-learner
interaction, mood of the teachers, etc.

-> social factors

-> psychological factors
-> cross-cultural factors, etc.