hQ = 200,000

Btu/h HVAC – Basic Terms

cQ
assume
tr = 70
to = 20

CO2
50 people
20
1000 cfm tsi = 105
cfm/ 20% coilQ= V*rho*cp*TD
pers ti = 62 5000 cfm
hQvent = V*rho*cp*TD

Heating
Ventilating
AC =Cooling

HVAC – Air Handling Unit

 HVAC – Basic Terms

(Heating Load) Heat Out = Heat In

(Cooling Load including “Latent Load”)
Heat and Humidity in = Heat and Humidity out
By Conduction
Convection
Radiation
 HVAC – Basic Terms

Conduction
Area
Temperature

Resistance
 HVAC – Basic Terms
Conduction
 HVAC – Basic Terms
Convection

Radiation
HVAC – Basic Systems Heating
hQsen = 200,000
Btu/h
hQsen + hQvent = coilQsen
HVAC – Basic Systems Heating
 HVAC – Basic Systems - AC

w
AC
Water to
Water

w
HVAC – Basic Systems - AC

w
HVAC – Basic Systems - AC

A
HVAC – Basic Systems - AC

A
Constant Volume Double Duct Terminal Box

Damper blades change air flow as the pressure at the inlet to the box
increases or decreases and in response to room temperature
Variable Volume Single Duct Terminal Box
Velocity =
Sub Master

55 – 60o

P Sensor
Thermostat
= Master
cfm

Pressure Independent (between Max and Min), based on room

thermostat. If temperature rises, damper opens for more cooling.
Air Flow is unaffected by other boxes in the system.
Inlet Guide Vanes
Variable Speed Drives
Variable Speed Drives
Variable Speed Drives
Variable Speed Drives
 HVAC - Cooling

ideal
COP – dimensionless! –
EER – dimensions of
kpH’
Btu/h/W!
evQ
 HVAC - Cooling
The energy efficiency rating (EER)
of an air conditioner is its BTU/h rating
over its Wattage.

Example: window air conditioner

Rating: 10,000-BTU/h
Power Consumption: 1,200 watts

EER = 10,000 BTU/h/1,200 watts = 8.3 Btu/Wh

Normally a higher EER is accompanied

by a higher price.
 HVAC - Cooling
Choice between two 10,000-BTU/h units

1. EER of 8.3, consumes 1,200 watts

2. EER of 10, consumes 1000 watts.

Price difference is $100.

Usage: 4 months a year, 6 hours a day.
Electricity Cost: $0.10/kWh.
===========================================
4 mo. x 30 days/mo. x 6 hr/day = 720 hours
(720 h x .2 kW) x $0.10/kWh = $14.40 Savings
Since the EER 10 unit costs $100 more,
it will take about seven years for this more expensive unit
to break even
Energy Analysis
Example
ECM: Heat Recovery