Practical Research 2 – Grade 11

Quarter 4 – Module 3: Sampling Procedure in Quantitative Research

First Edition, 2020

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Practical
Research 2
11
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 3
Sampling Procedure in
Quantitative Research
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 for Grade 11 Self-Learning Module on

Sampling Procedure in Quantitative Research!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-
In-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in
partnership with the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor
Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 Self-Learning Module on Sampling

Procedure in Quantitative Research!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module

Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the

concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills

that you understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and

applications of the lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the

learning competency.

Posttest - This will measure how much you have learned from
the entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
The main goal of this module is to help you understand sampling
procedure in quantitative research. Also, this module will guide you on the
correct computation of sample size using Slovin’s formula.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

a. define sample, population, sample size, and sampling frame;
b. calculate sample size using Slovin’s formula; and
c. design a sampling plan based on a hypothetical population.

PRETEST

Directions: Read and analyze the following statements. Choose the letter of
the best answer by writing it in your notebook.
1. What do you call a group of individuals that the researcher is interested to
study and usually has common or similar characteristics?
A. Population C. Sampling frame
B. Sample D. Sampling Techniques

2. What do you call an individual that represents the entire population of the
target respondents of the study?
A. Population C. Sampling frame
B. Sample D. Sampling Techniques

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the reason of using of
samples in research?
A. Using sample saves money because it is less costly.
B. Using sample can reduce sampling error in a survey.
C. Using sample saves time compared to complete census.
D. Using sample can reduce the validity of the research result.

4. A researcher conducted his study at Rizal High School, Pasig City. The total
number of students in Rizal High School is 11,100 according to its master
list. The researcher uses a five percent margin of error to come up with the
total number of participants in his study which is 387. What is the sample
size of the researcher based on the given data?
A. 11,100 C. 5%
B. 0.05 D. 387
5. Suppose that you have a group of 10,000 target students for your research
study and you want to survey them to find out the effectiveness of K-12
curriculum in enhancing their life skills. Find the sample size of your target
respondents using a 0.02 margin of error?
A. 1,000 C. 2,000
B. 1,500 D. 2,500

RECAP

In module 2, you have learned the types of experimental research

design. Can you still recall it? Let’s have a simple activity to refresh your mind.
Compare and contrast the types of experimental research design using the
illustration below. Do this in your notebook.

Pre-Experimental True Experimental Quasi-Experimental

Research Design Research Design Research Design

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________

LESSON

In your Practical Research 1, you have learned how to determine sample

size in a qualitative type of research. Let’s have a short activity as a review.
Below are some questions to help you recall how researchers determined the
sample size for their qualitative research.

1. Are you required to use a mathematical formula in determining how

many respondents to include in your research study?
___ Yes ___ No
2. Is there a minimum number required in sample size used for qualitative
research?
___ Yes ___ No
3. Does the researcher have control over determining the number of
participants needed for his study?
___ Yes ___ No
 In qualitative research, the researcher has full control of the number of
participants needed for his/her study to obtain enough data to sufficiently
describe the phenomenon of interest and address the research question. But
unlike qualitative research, quantitative research focuses more on the
accurate number of sample size. This module would help you understand how
to determine sample size using the Slovin’s formula.
Before you proceed to this lesson, take note of the following terms first:
• Sample. It refers to an individual that represents the entire
population of target respondents of the study. This is the subgroup
of the population
• Population. It refers to a group of individuals that the researcher is
interested in studying and usually has common or similar
characteristics.
• Sample size. It refers to the number of elements in the population
that is included in the study.
• Sampling frame. It refers to a complete list of all cases in the
population from which the sample will be drawn (e.g. master list of
Grade 12 students in a certain school).
Reason of using Sample in Research
The researchers must know the sample size of their study. It is a waste
of resources if the researchers include all the elements in their target
population. According to Prieto, Naval and Carey (2017), the following are
some reasons for the use of samples:
• Using sample saves time compared to complete census.
• Using sample saves money because it is less costly.
• Using sample allows more particular attention to be given to several
elements than doing a census.
• Using sample can lessen the sampling error in the survey.

Sampling Strategy in Quantitative Research

Sampling strategy is an important step to ensure that your data truly
reflects the characteristics of your target population. Mukherjee (2019) cites
steps in formulating sampling plan in quantitative research.
1. Define your sample and target population.
Most of the time, it is hard to survey all elements of your target
population, so you may come up with a smaller number that may represent
your target population. For example, it may not be feasible to visit all 10,000
students in your target school. Instead, you’d want to choose a smaller sample
that would be representative of the population and reflect its characteristics.
2. Define your sample size.
There are no strict rules for selecting a sample size. You can decide
based on the objectives of the project, time available, and budget. In order to
come up with accurate sample size, you will need to determine the degree of
accuracy that you want to achieve. For this, you’ll need to establish the
confidence interval (margin of error) and confidence level of your sample. The
confidence level tells you how sure you want to be and is expressed as a
percentage. It represents how often the responses from your selected sample
reflect the responses of the total population. Thus, a 95% confidence level
means you can be 95% certain. The lower the confidence level, the less certain
you will be. There are many formulas used in computing your sample size.
And one of those is the Slovin’s formula.
3. Define your sampling technique.
There are two sampling techniques you’ll use to select sample from your
target population.
The sampling technique that’s right for you depends on the nature and
objectives of your project. Sampling techniques is divided into two types:
a. probability sampling (random sampling) which gives equal chances
of selection to all elements of the population; and
b. non-probability sampling (non-random sampling) is an unequal
selection of samples from the population.

Slovin’s Formula
Solving for an accurate sample size needs a deep understanding of
statistics. There are a lot of formulas used in determining the sample size of
quantitative research. One of the most common statistical formulas used by
researchers in determining sample size is Slovin’s formula.
Slovin’s formula is a statistical formula used to obtain an accurate
sample size (n) given the population (N) and margin of error (e). The margin of
error (e) is the allowable error margin in research. Slovin's Formula calculates
the number of samples required when the population is too large to directly
sample every member.
The sample size can be obtained using the formula:
𝑵
n= 𝟏+𝑵𝒆𝟐
Where: n = sample size
N = total population
e = margin of error
Example 1.
Mr. X conducts his study on Brgy. Caniogan, Pasig City. The total
number of residences is 3,800 according to the residence list in barangay. Mr.
X uses a five percent margin of error to come up with the total number of
participants of his study which is 362.
• The population is 3,800.
• The sampling frame used is the residence list in barangay
Caniogan.
• The sample size obtained is 362 using Slovin’s formula with five
percent margin of error.

Example 2:
A researcher wants to conduct a survey. The population of a big school
where the researcher wishes to get his respondents is 11,000. Find the sample
size if the margin of error is 5%.
Step 1. Identify the givens:
n=? N = 11,000 E = 5% need to convert into 0.05
Step 2. Using the Slovin’s formula, substitute the given data.
𝟏𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟎
n=
𝟏+(𝟏𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟎.𝟎𝟓)𝟐

Step 3. Solve the denominator part first. Follow PEMDAS.

𝟏𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟎
n= → n= → n=
𝟏+(𝟏𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓) 𝟏+𝟐𝟕.𝟓 𝟐𝟖.𝟓

Step 4. Divide the data to get the sample size

𝟏𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟎
n= → n= 385.96 rounded up to 386
𝟐𝟖.𝟓
Then the sample size that the researchers need is 386. Take note that if
your final answer is in decimal form, always rounded up to whole number.

Example 3:
In your study, the size of the population is 10,000. What is the size of
your sample if you allow a 2% margin of error?
Step 1. Identify the givens:
n=? N = 10,000 E = 2% need to convert into 0.02
Step 2. Using the Slovin’s formula, substitute the given data.
𝟏𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎
n= 𝟏+(𝟏𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟎.𝟎𝟐)𝟐
Step 3. Solve the denominator part first. Follow PEMDAS.
𝟏𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎
n= → n= → n=
𝟏+(𝟏𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒) 𝟏+𝟒 𝟓

Step 4. Divide the data to get the sample size

𝟏𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎
n= → n=2,000
𝟓

Then the sample size that you need is 2,000.

The table below could help you on deciding the sample size in a specific
number of population and margin of error as cited by Sevilla (Colombo Plan
Staff College 2018).

Table 1. Sample Size for Specified Margin of Errors

Margin of Error
Population
+/- 1% +/- 2% +/- 3% +/- 4% +/- 5% +/- 10%
500 * * * * 222 83
1,500 * * 638 441 316 94
2,500 * 1,250 769 500 345 96
3,000 * 1,364 811 517 353 97
4,000 * 1,538 870 41 364 98
5,000 * 1,667 909 556 370 98
6,000 * 1,765 938 566 375 98
7,000 * 1,842 959 574 378 99
8,000 * 1,905 976 580 381 99
9,000 * 1,957 989 584 383 99
10,000 5,000 2,000 1,000 588 385 99
50,000 8,333 2,381 1,087 617 387 100
Take note: The asterisk (*) presented in the table shows that the assumption of normal
approximation is poor; thus, the sample formula is not applicable.

ACTIVITIES

Directions: Accomplish the following activities in your research notebook.

A. Complete the following sentences with words or group of words to express

complete thought or idea.
1. Population is ______________________________________________________.
2. Sample is _________________________________________________________.
3. An accurate sample size means ____________________________________.
4. Sampling frame is used for _________________________________________.
 5. Slovin’s formula is used to __________________________________________.

B. Solve for the sample size of given problem using Slovin’s formula. Show
your complete solution.

1. In your study, the size of your population is 27,150. What is the size of
your sample if you allow a 5% margin of error?
Solution:

2. In your research, your population is 20,000 and the margin of error you
allow is 5%, what is your representative sample size?
Solution:

3. Supposedly, you want to conduct research in a certain community with

a population of 8,130. What would be your sample size if you used a
0.01 margin of error?
Solution:

C. Design a sampling plan based on your hypothetical population. Fill in the

unfinished statements to complete the thoughts.

1. My intended population is (tell who and how many) ___________________.

2. My intended sample consist of (tell how many) _______________________.
3. The characteristics of my samples are (tell the demographic profile such
as age range, gender, etc.) ___________________________________________.
4. The type of research that I intended to conduct is (explain) ___________.
5. I will obtain my sample size using ___________________________________.
6. I plan to select my samples from my target population using (tell the
sampling technique) ________________________________________________.
 WRAP–UP

To summarize what you have learned, answer this activity. Supply the
words that will complete the thoughts of the paragraph. Choose your answer
in the box below.

sample census time

population elements sample size

Slovin’s Formula error costly

It is important that the researchers know the (1)_________________ of

their study. It is a waste of resources if the researchers include all the (2)
______________ in their target (3)_________________. Using (4)______________
saves (5)___________ compared to complete (6)_____________. It also saves
money because it is less (7)____________. It allows more particular attention to
be given to a number of elements than doing a census thus less sampling
(8)__________ in survey. In order to have an accurate sample size,
(9)________________ was used.

VALUING

Relate your learning in today’s lesson to real-life scenarios. Answer the

questions below as honestly as possible. Write your answer in your notebook.

In free tasting/testing, customers are given a small amount of the

product/service for free. However, some customers find the product
insufficient and keep on going back to be given another free taste/test of the
same product even if they are not willing to buy such product/service.
• If you are the seller, do you agree with free tasting/testing?
• How are you going to react with such kind of customers?
• How will you apply it as you conduct quantitative research?
 POSTTEST

Directions: Read and analyze the following statements. Choose the letter of
the best answer by writing it in your notebook.
1. What do you call a complete list of all cases in the population from which
the sample will be drawn?
A. Population C. Sampling frame
B. Sample D. Sampling Techniques

2. What is the purpose of confidence level in research?

A. To know how confident the researcher her chosen samples
B. To determine the range of which the likelihood of response occurs
C. To know the level of mistakes that the researcher could commit in
his/her study
D. To determine how sure the researcher that the response of the
selected sample would represent the total population

3. Which of the following statements is true about the determination of

samples in quantitative research?
A. The sample size must be statistically accurate.
B. Sample size depends on the researcher’s decision.
C. Sample size needs to cover all elements in the population.
D. The sample size must not exceed 100 participants regardless of
population size.

4. A researcher conducted his study in three selected private schools in Pasig

City. The total number of employees in the three schools is 850. The
researcher decided to use Slovin’s formula and use a 5% margin of error. What
would be the sample size that the researcher could come up with?
A. 200 C. 272
B. 257 D. 350

5. Suppose that you have a group of 3,210 target students for your research
study and you want to survey them to find out how mobile games affect their
class performance. Find the sample size of your target respondents using 0.03
margin of error?
A. 823.70 C. 824.40
B. 824.00 D. 826.00
 KEY TO CORRECTION

D 5.
C 4.
A 3.
Slovin’s Formula 9. D 2.
error 8. C 1.
costly 7. Posttest
census 6.
time 5. C 5.
sample 4. D 4.
population 3. 3. 4,485 D 3.
elements 2. 2. 393 B 2.
sample size 1. 1. 395 A 1.

Wrap Up Activity B Pretest

References
Ballera, Charlene B., Dalisay, Mary Jane A., Gungon, Jonalyn D., & Reyes,
Renee Rose C. 2019. Practical Research 2: Learning Module for Senior
High School. Unpublish.

Mukherjee, Rajashi. 2019. How to choose your sampling strategy to

guarantee relevant results. https://datajourney.akvo.org/blog/how-
to-choose-your-sampling-strategy-to-guarantee-relevant-
results?utm_term=sampling%20methods%20in%20research&utm_ca

Prieto, Nelia G., Naval, Victoria C., & Carey, Teresita G. (2017). Practical
Research 2: Quantitative, 101-102. Cubao, Quezon City: Lorimar
Publishing Inc.