Report: Informative T.E.

Electrical batch 1 Group 2

LTJSS’s Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering,

Koparkhairane

FARM BILLS 2020

Date Of Submission: 22 September 2022

 LTJSS’s Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering,

Koparkhairane

Farm Bills 2020

Submitted to: Asst. Prof. Rashmi Rani

Submitted by:

Sr. No. Roll no. Name Topics Sign

1. 13 Rachana Introduction
Thatipamula

2. 15 Vikas Wadile Protests

3. 16 Amit Yadav Opposition

Parties
4. 09 Harshal Sasane Arrests

5. 14 Uday Violence
Kommajoshyula
6. 12 Samruddhi Government’s
Surwade Response
7. 10 Sumit Sharma Media

8. 11 Siddhi Conclusion
Borade

Date of Submission: 22 September 2022

©COPYRIGHTS 2022
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without the written permission of the copyright holder.
 Forwarding Letter

01 September 2022

To
Asst. Prof. Rashmi Rani
Department of Communication Skills
Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering
Koparkhairane
Navi Mumbai
Respected Madam

We are glad to represent our report in front of you named 'Farm Bills 2020'.
The report represents information about the Protest and Protection of Farm Bills.
We hope that this report will help you to know more about Farm Bills.

If you desire to know any further information related to the topic, we shall be glad to
help you by providing information and clearing your doubts. We will be happy if
our report reached up to your expectations.

Yours Sincerely
T.E. Electrical

Batch1 Group 2
 Preface
Agricultural markets in India are mainly regulated by state Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee
(APMC) laws. APMCs were set up with the objective of ensuring fair trade between buyers and
sellers for effective price discovery of farmers’ produce. APMCs can: (i) regulate the trade of
farmers’ produce by providing licenses to buyers, commission agents, and private markets, (ii) levy
market fees or any other charges on such trade, and (iii) provide necessary infrastructure withintheir
markets to facilitate the trade.

The Standing is on Agriculture (2018-19) observed that the APMC laws are not implemented in their
true sense and need to be reformed urgently. Issues identified by the Committee include: (i) most
APMCs have a limited number of traders operating, which leads to cartelization and reduces
competition, and (ii) undue deductions in the form of commission charges and market fees. Traders,
commission agents, and other functionaries organize themselves into associations, which do not
allow easy entry of new persons into market yards, stifling competition. The Acts are highly restrictive
in promotion of multiple channels of marketing (such as more buyers, private markets, direct sale to
businesses and retail consumers, and online transactions) and competition in the system.

During 2017-18, the central government released the model APMC and contract farming Acts to
allow restriction-free trade of farmers’ produce, promote competition through multiple marketing
channels, and promote farming under pre-agreed contracts. The Standing Committee (2018-19) noted
that states have not implemented several of the reforms suggested in the model Acts. It recommended
that the central government constitute a Committee of Agriculture Ministers of all states to arrive at
a consensus and design a legal framework for agricultural marketing. A High- Powered Committee of
seven Chief Ministers was set up in July 2019 to discuss, among other things:

(i) adoption and time-bound implementation of model Acts by states,

(ii) changes to the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 (which provides for control of production, supply,
and trade of essential commodities) for attracting private investment in agricultural marketing and
infrastructure.

The central government promulgated three Ordinances on June 5, 2020: (i) the Farmers’ Produce Trade
and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Ordinance, 2020, (ii) the Farmers (Empowerment and
Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Ordinance, 2020, and (iii) the Essential
Commodities (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020. The Ordinances collectively seek to (i) facilitate barrier-
free trade of farmers’ produce outside the markets notified under the various state APMC laws, (ii)
define a framework for contract farming, and (iii) impose stock limits on agricultural produce only if
there is a sharp increase in retail prices. The three Ordinances together aim to increase opportunities
for farmers to enter long term sale contracts, increase availability of buyers, and permits buyers to
purchase farm produce in bulk.

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 Acknowledgements
We take this opportunity to express our heartfelt gratitude and regards to our College Management for
allowing us to submit this report.
We owe thankful regards to Principal Dr. Vivek Sunnapwar, Vice Principal Dr. Subhash Shinde, Deans,
HODs and all the teachers of this organization for their wholehearted co-operation. Our deepest thanks
to the institute for providing us with Lab facilities where we could research on our topic and get ample
information of the report. We are thankful to our College Library authorities for making valuable references
books available for us.
We are particularly grateful for the guidance and assistance given by Asst. Prof. Rashmi Rani. Her
willingness to give her time so generously has been deeply appreciated.
Our special thanks are extended to our parents and friends for their significant suggestions during the course
of completing this report.

T.E. Electrical

II
 Synopsis

Aim/Objectives: To study about FARM BILLS 2020

Methodology:

1. Primary Source of Data Collection: Survey

2. Secondary Source of Data collection: Online Website, Books, Journals, Articles

Description:

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Farmer’s protest 2020-21

Chapter 3: Opposition Party Involvement

Chapter 4: Arrest

Chapter 5: Violence

Chapter 6: Media Angle

Chapter 7: Government’s Response

Chapter 8: Conclusion

III
 Table of Contents

Sr.No. Topic Page

No.
Preface I

Acknowledgements II

Synopsis III

1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Farm Bills 2020 1

2. Farmer’s protest 2020-21 3

2.1 Protesting Groups 3

2.2 Timeline of Protests 3
3. Opposition Parties 6
Involvement

3.1 Various Opposition 6

Parties

3.2 Actions Taken 6

4. Arrests 8
5. Violence 9
6. Media Angle 12
6.1 Propaganda Against
Farmers 12
 6.2 Misinformation 13

7. Government’s Response 15
7.1 Talks between
Governments and farmers 15

7.2 Failure of Government

Communication 15

7.3 Violence by Nihangs 15

8. Conclusion 16
Appendix A:
Survey on Farm Bills 17
2020(Reports/Data)

Appendix B:
Pie Chart Analysis 19

Webliography 23
Glossary 24
Index 25
 CHAPTER-1
Introduction

1.1 Background
The Indian Farm Bills of 2020, often called the Farm Bills, are three bills initiated by the Parliament
of India in September 2020. Lok Sabha passed the bills on 17 September 2020 and the Rajya Sabha on
20 September 2020. President of India Ram Nath Kovind gave his approval on 27 September 2020
Trade and commerce in farm products (promotion and facilitation) The 2020 ordinance allows
domestic and interstate trade in farm products outside the physical premises of APMC markets. State
governments are prohibited to collect any market charges, ceases or charges outside the APMC areas.
The Farm Agreement Regulation creates a framework for contract farming through an agreement
between the farmer and the buyer before production or breeding ofany agricultural products. Enables
three-level dispute resolution mechanism: conciliation commission, sub-divisional judge and appellate
court Authority. The Basic Commodities (Amendment) Ordinance of 2020 allows the central
government to regulate the supply of certain foods only under extraordinary circumstances (such as
war and famine). Stock limits can be imposed on agricultural production only in the event of a sharp
rise in prices.

1.2 2020 Farm Bills

I. Trade and Commerce in Agricultural Products (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020Trade in
Farm Products: The Ordinance allows intrastate and interstate trade the production of farmers
outside: i) the physical premises of the markets it operates market committees constituted under
the APMC State Acts and (ii) other markets notified as per APMC state laws. Such a trade can be
carried out "outside". trading area', i.e. any place of production, collection and aggregation of
farmers products including (i) farm gates, (ii) factory premises,(iii)warehouses, (iv)silo sand (v)
cold stores.

Electronic trading: The decree allows for electronic trading as per the plan of farm production
(agricultural production regulated by any APMC State Act) v specified business area. An
electronic business and transaction platform can be established to facilitate the direct and online
purchase and sale of these products through electronic devices and the Internet. The following
entities can establish and operate such platforms: (i) companies, partner firms, or registered
companies having a permanent account number under the Income Tax Act,1961 or any other
document notified by the Central Government, and (ii) the farmer producer organization or
agricultural cooperative.

Market Fee Abolished: The Ordinance prohibits State Governments from levying fees any market
fee, cesium, or fee for farmers, traders, and e-commerce platforms for trade in agricultural
products carried out "outside the trading area".
II. Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm
ServicesAct, 2020
Management Agreement: The Decree establishes a management agreement between the farmer and
purchaser before producing or rearing any agricultural produce. The minimum duration of the
agreement will be one harvest season or one production livestock cycle. The maximum period is five
years, if it is not producing the cycle is longer than five years.

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Prices of agricultural products: The price of agricultural products should be mentioned in the agreement.
For prices subject to change, guaranteed price per production, and a clear reference to any additional
quantity beyond the warranty the price must be specified in the agreement. Next, the price process the
destination must be specified in the agreement.

Dispute resolution: The management agreement must include a conciliation council as well as a conciliation
process to resolve disputes. The council should to have a fair and balanced representation of the parties to
the agreement. First, all disputes must be submitted to the Board for resolution. If the dispute persists if the
board of directors does not resolve after thirty days, the parties may turn to the sub-divisional municipality
for resolution. The parties shall have the right to appeal to the appellate body (chaired by the collector
or another collector) against the decision of the municipality.

It will be both the municipality and the appeal body be required to resolve the dispute within thirty days
of receipt application. The magistrate or appellate authority may impose certain sanctions for the party that
violates the agreement. However, there can be no action taken against the agricultural land of the farmer to
recover any dues.

III. Basic Commodities (Amendment) Act, 2020

Regulation of Food: The Essential Commodities Act of 1955 empowers the central government to designate
Certain commodities (such as food, fertilizers, and petroleum products) as basic commodities. Central
the government may regulate or prohibit the manufacture, supply, distribution, trade and trade in such
essential commodities. The ordinance provides that the central government can regulate the supply ofcertain
foods, including cereals, pulses, potatoes, onions, edible oilseeds, and oils, only sub extra ordinary
circumstances. These include: (i) war, (ii) famine, (iii) extraordinary price increases and (iv) a naturaldisaster
of a serious nature.

Stock Limit: The Ordinance requires that any stock limit imposed on agricultural production must be
basedon rising prices. A stock limit may be imposed only if: i) a100% increase in the retail price of
horticultural products; and ii) a 50% increase in the retail price of non-perishable agricultural food items,
the increase will be converted to the prevailing price immediately for the previous twelve months or the
average retail price for the last five years, whichever is lower.

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 CHAPTER-2
Farmer’s Protest 2020-21

Fig 2.1 Farmers Conducting Protest

2.1 Protesting Groups
Several farmers' sections announced intensified agitation against the acts and called for a "Bharat bandh"
on 25 September 2020. This was supported by 10 central trade unions and 18 political parties. From
the proposal of Various protests were held in different states of India against these laws.
These protests are the first major protests by farmers since the Narendra Modi government came to
power in 2014. On November 26, 2020, farmers from Haryana Police stopped entry into Delhi. On
the border near Ambala, protesters were hit with water cannons and tear gas shells by police forces;
protesters threw stones at her and threw up police barricades in response, police used water cannons.
The media informed us about it trenches were dug by thepolice on certain routes to Delhi; Haryana
the government dug the National Highway connecting Haryana and Delhi. Trucks and bulldozers full
of sand were also placed on the march route to Delhi. Earlier, the Haryana Chief Minister's house
was blocked by farmers.
Farmer leader and Bharatiya Kisan Union chief Rakesh Tikait were the biggest faces of the
ongoing movement against the Farm Bills. An attempt was made to take administrative action
against the farmers agitating under the management Rakesh Tikait on the Ghazipur boundary in Delhi
but Rakesh Tikait didn't budge with his intentions and during this time pictures and videos of "tears"
in the eyes appeared in the media. And that gave a new "edge"to this farmers' movement.

2.2 Timeline of Protests

September 24, 2020: Farmers in Punjab announce three-day rail strike.

September 25, 2020: Farmers across India take to the streets in response to a challenge of the All India
Kisan Sangharsh Coordinating Committee (AIKSCC).

November 25, 2020: After sporadic protests against the new farm laws, including a nationwide road
blockade on November 3, farmers' unions in Punjab and Haryana called for a "Delhi Chalo"movement.
Delhi However, the police rejected their request to march to the capital, citing Covid19 protocols.

8
November 26, 2020: Farmers marching towards Delhi faced water cannons tear gas as police triedto
disperse them in Haryana's Ambala district. Later, the police allowed them to enter Delhi fortheir peaceful
protest at Nirankari ground in North-West Delhi.

December 8, 2020: Farmers call Bharat Bandh. Farmers from other the states also supported the call.

December 9, 2020: Farmers' representatives rejected the Union government's proposal amend thethree
controversial laws and promised to intensify them further agitation until the laws are repealed.

11 December 2020: Bharatiya Kisan Union filed a petition in the Supreme Court against threefarm laws.

December 21, 2020: Farmers went on a one-day hunger strike at all protest sites.

February 6, 2021: Protesting farmers staged a nationwide 'Chakka Jam' or road blockade, forthree hours
from 12 to 3 p.m. While several roads across

Punjab and Haryana were blocked during that time, "chakka jam" elsewhere the protest drew mixed
reactions.

February 18, 2021: Samyukta Kisan Morcha (SKM), the umbrella body of farm unions, which
spearheaded the agitations last week, called for a nationwide 'Railway Roko' protest. Trains were stopped,
canceled and rerouted in places around Earth. However, a spoke women for the national carrier said there
was negligible or minimal impact on rail services as a result of the "Rail Year" mixing. He said most zonal
railways have not reported any incident due to this protest.

Fig 2.2 S.K.M Party Conducting Protest

27 May 2021: Farmers celebrated a 'black day' to mark six months of agitation and burnt refuggies of
the government. Although the crowds on three borders thinned, farm leaders said the agitation would
continue till 2024 if their requirements are not met. Bharatiya Kisan Union President Rakesh

9
Tikait also reiterated during the press conference that the farmers would call off the protest only after the
repeal of the three agricultural laws.

Fig 2.3 Farmers Observing Black Day By Carrying Black Flags

5 June 2021: Protesting farmers observe Sampoorn Krantikari Diwas (Total Revolution Day)to the first
year of the promulgation of the Agricultural Laws.

June 26, 2021: Farmers march in Delhi to mark seven months of protest against farm laws. The Samyukta
Kisan Morcha (SKM) claimed that the farmers were detained in states like Haryana, Punjab, Karnataka,
Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh and Telangana during the protests.

September 7-9, 2021: Farmers reach Karnal in large numbers and are surrounded to the mini secretariat.
Thefarmers raised three primary demands, including 25 lakh rupees compensation for Kajala's family and
a government job for him relative, compensation of 2,00,000 rupees for each injured in the lathi charge
and registration of criminal case and the hard case against Karnal SDM Ayush Sinha and the police
personal responsible for the lathi charge.

1
0
 CHAPTER-3
Opposition Parties Involvement

3.1 Various Opposition Parties

Twelve main opposition parties have given their support to the challenge Samyukta Kisan Morcha to observe
the nationwide protest on 26 on the occasion of six months of farmers' protest on the Delhi border against the
Centre farm laws.

The Joint Statement Was Signed By Sonia Gandhi (Congress), HD Dev Gowda (JD-S), Sharad Pawar
(NCP), Mamata Banerjee (TMC), Uddhav Thackeray (SS),Mk Stalin (DMK), Hemant Soren (JMM),
Farooq Abdullah (JKPA), Akhilesh Yadav (SP), Tejaswi Yadav (RJD), D Raja (CPI) And Sitaram Yechury
(CPI-M).

On May 12, we jointly wrote to Prime Minister Modi and said: next: Repeal the Farm Bills to protect
thousands of our data who are being victimized pandemic to continue producing food to feed Indians
people.

Congress leader Rahul Gandhi when he intervened in the budget debate for 2021–22 (takes place on 11
February) almost over took Lok Sabha. Before asking members of his party andother members of the
opposition to do so observe two minutes of silence in memory of the deceased farmers, he rephrased the old
family planning slogan "Hum do hamare do" with a new meaning. On Dussehra Day 2020, effigies of
industrialists Mukesh Ambani and Gautam Adani were burnt along with effigies of Prime Minister Narendra
Modi and Home Minister Amit Shah across Punjab, the initial epicenter of the current farming movement.

3.2 Actions taken

In a joint statement released on Thursday by 16 opposition parties, it was announced that opposition parties
would boycott the president's speech joint session of Parliament on January 29 due to the ongoing issue of
farmers. Opposition leaders expressed solidarity with the protesting farmers and reiterated their demand
for the repeal of the three new agricultural laws.

The parties also said the government remains unmoved and responded water cannons, tear gas, and lathi
charges against millions of farmers agitating against laws. Every effort was made to discredit the
legitimate mass movement through a government- backed disinformation campaign, they said.

They said the new farm laws threatened the future of Indian agriculture, which it feeds more than 60 percent
of the country's population and livelihood millions of farmers, sharecroppers, and agricultural laborers.

These three farm bills are an attack on states' rights and violate the federal spirit of the Constitution. Unless
repealed, these laws will continue to operate effectively and tear down the edifice of national food a security
that rests on the minimum support price (MSP), government procurement and public distribution system
(PDS).

1
1
He also alleged that the farm bills were tabled without any consultation states and farmers' unionsand
lacked a national consensus.

About 200 protesting farmers started a parallel 'monsoon session', Kisan Sansad, near ParliamentHouse
here on Thursday, convicting three farm laws. Members of the opposition parties protested in front of the
building Statue of Mahatma and is inside the housing complex. They urged the center to repeal the farm
laws and accept the farmers' demands.Congress leader Rahul Gandhi also came to parliament on a tractor
to express solidarity with protesting farmers. The proceedings of the Parliament have repeatedly adjourned
opposition hounded the center average agricultural bills, among other issues.

Fig 3.1 Congress leader Rahul Gandhi on a tractor, supporting the

farmers
Leaders of 14 opposition parties met at Parliament House and decided to visit Kisan Sansad at Delhi’s
Jantar Mantar, where a select group of farmer leaders has been holding a Kisan Sansad (farmers’
parliament) since July 22 to mark seven months of the protests at Delhi’s border points against the laws.
Gandhi and the other leaders reiterated that the three controversial laws should be withdrawn. “Today
all opposition parties together decided to support the farmers and demand the withdrawal of the three
farm laws,” Gandhi said. “We want to give our entire support to all the farmers of the country.”

Fig 3.2 Leaders Of Opposition Parties Extending Support Towards Farmers

1
2
 CHAPTER-4
Arrests

The Rajya Sabha was informed by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). Delhi Police has arrested183
people in connection with the farmers. to protest from 2020 to 20 July 2021 and that they are all released
on bail. The MHA also said that under the Delhi Police, sedition provisions or any other anti-terrorism
laws such as the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act were not invoked in any of the cases registered
against the protesting farmers.

On January 26 this year, the Delhi Police named 16 suspects for allegations of allegedviolence during the
Republic Day parade. About 25 FIRs were then lodged at various police stations in New Delhi Republic
Day violence. Delhi Police Special Cell Press Release.

The Kisan Andolan turned violent on 26 January 2021, resulting in damage to public property in several
parts of the national capital. Value of public property several crores of rupees were damaged by violent
mobs and 394 police personnel were injured in the performance of their statutory duties. A criminal
case was registered and was investigated under the provisions of Unlawful Activity (Prevention) Act
(UAPA) and the IPC section dealing with sedition. The role and the conduct of organizations and
individuals based in India, as well as you from the country, was investigated.

Fig 4 Protestors Getting Arrested By The Delhi Police

1
3
 CHAPTER-5
Violence

Thousands of protesting farmers poured into New Delhi on Tuesday, using their tractors to tear down barricades
and challenge government troops who fired teargas, blocked internet access, and attacked protesters with
bamboo poles to bring order to the capital, which felt under siege.

Fig 5.1 Government Forces Firing Tear Gas

Towards the Mob

The most violent escalation in two months of largely peaceful protests that have tested Prime Minister
Narendra Modi's government in an unprecedented way and forced it to offer affected farmers concessions
on new market-friendly laws aimed at overhauling the country's agriculture sector. But farmers have
insisted on nothing more than scrapping the laws, which were pushed through parliament in September,
leaving them vulnerable to corporate greed.
As Prime Minister Narendra Modi, wearing a red turban, saluted his officers and watched his country's newest
warplanes fly over a grand parade marking India's 72nd year as a republic, protesters riding tensof
thousands of tractors tore down barricades and rumbled toward the city center.

Fig 5.2 Protestors Dismantling The Barricades

By late evening, at least one person had died and many parts of the city appeared unnerved. Farm leaders,
who had promised their march would be peaceful but had apparently lost control, distanced themselves

1
4
from the violence and called on the protesters to return to the camps they have occupied on the outskirts
of the capital for the past two months.

On the eve of the event, farm union leaders insisted they would stage a peaceful march with about 150,000
tractors and that more than 3,000 volunteers would ensure the routes agreed with the Delhi Police were
followed.

Fig 5.3 Farmers Marching On Foot Towards The

Indian Parliament

The farmers have even announced their next action: a foot march to India's parliament on February 1,
when the country's new budget will be presented. But early in the march it became clear that the leaders
had lost control.

At the city's border with Ghazipur village, one of the places where the farmers camped, tractors pushed
aside a shipping container blocking their way while police stood by.

Elsewhere, thick clouds of tear gas rose over the approved march routes as farmers on tractors, horses and
foot violently started the rally hours ahead of schedule or tried to drive off the ring road and push towards
the city center.

Large groups of tractors and protesters broke away from approved protest routes - overturning buses
andclashing with overwhelmed police armed with bamboo batons – as they marched towards central
Delhi.

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 Fig 5.4 Delhi Police Chasing The Protesting Farmers

Delhi police chiefs have deployed officers with assault rifles deeper into the routes as they try to patrol
key routes. However, they seemed outnumbered and largely helpless. In some areas, police beat
protesters with batons to push them back.

The farmers managed to breach the Red Fort and raised a flag on top of the fort, which is often displayed
on Sikh temples.

Fig 5.5 A Group Of Sikh Protestors Hosting A Religious Flag

, On The Top Of Red Fort

Some of the most violent clashes took place at an intersection near the Income Tax Office of India and the
old police force headquarters as protesters tried to push into the city center. Only after the police fired several
volleys of tear gas did the angry farmers retreat and drive their tractors onto a side road that led away from
the town.

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 CHAPTER-6
Media Angle

6.1 Propaganda Against Farmers

Almost a year ago on 25 November 2020 Farmers Union - Mainly from Punjab and Haryana
– marched towards the national capital demanding abolition three farm bills as part of their 'Delhi Chalo'
movement. Thousands of farmers from parts of the country supported the call and opposed it. they said
these farm bills hurt their interests and left them at the mercy of big corporations.

What began here was a long, ongoing struggle that was carried by misinformation, false narratives and
propaganda.

Several parts have been investigated by various independent media organizations misinformation between
October 2020 and October 2021 and it was found out that most prevalent narrative in the items analyzed
was targeting farmers – trying to discredit the protests.

Fig 6.1 Narratives Around the Farmer's Protest

For example, videos showing protesters desecrating the national flag have been shared on several
occasions to claim that farmers are not fighting against farm laws but for a separate state – Khalistan

Fig 6.2 A Fake Video Showing A Group Of People Carrying A PosterWe

want ‘Khalistan’ Claimed to be Farmers

12
One widespread claim was the use of an image from 2018 that showed police resorting to using
watercannons on protesters and falsely associating it with the continuing agitation of the farmers.

Fig 6.3 Image From 2018 Showing Police Using Water Cannons On Protestors
Falsely Linked To The Farmer's Protest 2020-21
It was also found that many of the revelations were claims that used old ones and unrelatedimages/videos
in support of or against the protest.

However, this picture is from "Kisan Kranti Padyatra" in 2018 when the police resorted to using water
cannons on protesting farmers at the Delhi border. Although this picture is old, the Delhi Border Police,
deployed water cannons and tear gas to stop a group of hundreds of farmers from Punjab and Haryana
from marching toward the capital.

Meanwhile, some old images were also used to target farmers. However, there were significantly fewer of
them. For example, a picture that could be traced back to at least 2016 was used to claim that some cities
were completely 'open' and did not support the nationwide BharatBand called in protest farmers on
September 27.

In addition to the above narratives, there were several claims aimed at the ruling party and the police. We
also observed some misleading narratives that were created to show that politicians The opposition
parties supported the farm laws.

6.2 Misinformation

Who Were the Ones Spreading This Misinformation?

Misinformation mostly shared by BJP leaders or allies targeted (directly or indirectly) farmers and the
opposition, while the opposition relied on old, unrelated images aimed at the government.

Types of Misinformation
To categorize the types of misinformation we've seen during this period, we relied on the first proposal's
categorization of misinformation. Seven categories and their definitions are below:

a) Satire/Parody: No harm intended

b) Misleading content: Misleading use of information to frame anedition/individual

13
c) Impersonated Content: When content is impersonated
d) Produced Content: When content is produced
e) False connection: When the content is not supported by the caption orcaption
f) Fake context: When real content is shared with a fake context
g) Manipulated content: When real images are manipulated According to our dataset, this is the most
common type of misinformation we've been used to the disinformation was a "fake link", meaning there
were no pictures posts or videos necessarily manipulated,but were linked to farmers protest even though
there was no connection with them.

h) Almost 43 percent of debunkers fall into this category, followed by 31 percentunder misleading content
and 18 percent under false context.

Fig 6.4 Types Of Misinformation

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 CHAPTER-7
Government’s Response

On November 19, 2021, the union government decided to cancel bills a both Houses of Parliamentpassed
the Farming Acts Repeal Act 2021 on 29November. After the announcement of the repeal of the
agricultural laws, the farmer unions continued to demand guaranteed minimum support prices (MSPs),
reminding the government of the goal of doubling farmers' income by 2022; and 2004 MS Swaminathan
headed the National Commission on Farmers report. The report of the committee appointed by the Supreme
Court was published a member of the committee on March 21, 2022.

7.1 Talks between Government of India and farmers

Ten rounds of negotiations took place between the center and the farmers (represented by agricultural
unions) until January 20, 2021. The first round of negotiations was on October 14, 2020, when the
farmers left when they found out that the Secretary of Agriculture was present, not the Minister. Meeting
on January 4th attended by three Union Ministers, Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar and
Commerce Ministers Piyush Goyal and Som Parkash. The Three Union ministers rejected calls to scrap
three new farm laws it required more consultation with higher authorities. It is reported that the two
parties managed to reach an agreement on only two issues which the farmers are concerned the increase
in electricity rates and penalties for stubble burning. The farmers representatives also rejected the
government's proposal of 21 January 2021 suspend the laws for 18 months.

7.2 Failure of government communication

A number of experts commented on the failure and lack communication of governments with regard to
informing farmers and politicians allies on the importance of farm bills. Farm reforms were mentioned in
both BJP and Congress manifestos.

7.3 Violence by Nihangs

After the lynching of the alleged desecrator Nihangs over, the wife of one of the Nihangs involved said
"he did the right thing". United Akali Dal A spokesperson commented on the incident: "In my opinion
this justice is right...we cannot tolerate sacrilege”.

15
 CHAPTER-8
Conclusion
The Farm Laws Repeal Bill,2021
On 29 November 2021, the Parliament of India passed a bill to repeal the three laws seeking to deregulate
agricultural markets and bow to pressure from farmers who protested for more than ayear to demand the
repeal of the laws.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's administration introduced the farm bills last year through executive order,
traditionally reserved for emergencies legislation, sparking India's longest farmer protest. Then parliament
passed the legislation by voice vote, drawing the wide spread criticism she had rushed through laws without
proper debate.

In an effort to end protests ahead of state assembly elections in most of India's populous state of Uttar Pradesh
early next year, Modi said this month the government would repeal the laws at a new session of parliament.
PM Modi apologized to the people of the country and said the government had “failed to convince a section
of farmers” about farm laws. He said three disputed laws will be repealed at a meeting of parliament this
month. "Sorry people in the country... we were not able to convince the farmers [through the farm laws]. I
am here to announce that we have decided to cancel the three farm laws...We will take care of all the
formalities at the Parliament meeting, right it begins this month,” PM Modi said in his address to the nation.

As Parliament reconvened in winter session on 29 November 2021, both the lower and upper chambers
approved a bill to withdraw the laws intended for this purposed regulate and open agricultural markets to
companies. The farmers said the laws would leave them with little bargaining power against large private
parties buyers.
Apart from the demand for cancellation, the protesting farmers are also asking for it The Modi administration
is introducing a law to ensure government prices for products than just rice and wheat. The government is
currently buying rice and wheat at minimum support prices (MSP) set by the state,but subsidies favor only
approx 6% of India's millions of farmers.

The protesters are demanding MSP for all crops - a move that galvanized growers across the country and
took the protest beyond Indian grain cultivation the states of Punjab and Haryana. The government has not
yet commented on the protesters' demand SMEs. Farmers welcomed the development but said the protest
would only be withdrawn when the government promised SME legislation for all products.

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 Appendix A

Survey Questions on Farm Bills 2020

Q1. When were the Farm Bills introduced?

a) September 2020
b) July 2020
c) January 2020
d) August 2020

Q2. Were the farmers happy with the Farm Bills 2020?

a) Yes
b) No
c) Can't Say

Q3. What were the way of protests done by farmers?

a) Very aggressive
b) Aggressive
c) Not very aggressive
d) Neutral

Q4. What were the hardships faced by farmers?

a) Scarcity of foods
b) Difficulty in living
c) Road accidents on farmers
d) All of these

Q5. Which opposition parties were involved in the farmer’s protests?

a) All India Kisaan Sangharsh Coordination Committee

b) Bharatiya Kisaan Union
c) All India Kisaan Sabha
d) Congress Aap
e) All Of These

Q6. Did national media manipulate the protests done by the farmers?

a) Very openly
b) Not openly but by passive method
c) Neutral

Q7. How many farm bills were opposed by the farmers?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) None

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Q8. How does social media impact on farmer’s protest?

a) Negative impact
b) Positive impact
c) Complex impact
d) Neutral

Q9. Were the farmer’s protests successful?

a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe

Q10. Has government of India repealed the Farm Bills 2020?

a) Yes
b) No
c) Can Not Say

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 Appendix B

Pie Chart Analysis

19
20
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 Webliography

1. The Farm Law Repeal Bill 2021

https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-farm-laws-repeal-bill-2021

2. Farm Bills 2020

Https://m.timesofindia.com/india/what-is-farm-bill-2020-pros-cons-of-
three- farm-bills-centre- introduced/amp_articleshow/78180231.cms

3. Timeline of protests on farm bills

https://www.google.com/amp/s/indianexpress.com/article/india/one-year-of-farm- laws-timeline-
7511961/lite/

4. Farms Bills Act 2020

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Indian_agriculture_acts

5. Opposition Parties Involvement

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news- farmers-protest-
16-opposition-parties-to- boycott-presidents-address/372460/amp

6. Farmers protest in Delhi

Https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/world/asia/india- farmers-
protests-delhi.amp.html

7. Media angle towards farmers protest

https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/one-year-farmer-protest-
misinformation-around-it-analysis

23
 Glossary

APMC- Agricultural Product Market Committee, a marketing board established by state

governments in India to ensure farmers are safeguarded from exploitation by large retailers,
as well as ensuring the farm to retail price spread does not reach excessively high levels.
Amendment- A part that is added or a small change that is made to a piece of writing,
especially to a law.
Barricades - Any object or structure that creates a barrier or obstacle to control, block
passage or force the flow of traffic in the desired direction.
Commodities- An economic good, usually a resource, that has full or substantial
fungibility: that is, the market treats instances of the good as equivalent or nearly so with
no regard to who produced them.
Ordinance- An order or rule made by a government or somebody in a position of authority.
Rallies - To come together or to bring people together in order to help or support
somebody/something.
Repeal- To officially make a law no longer valid.

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 Index

APMC A 1

Amendment A 8

Barricades B 16

Commodities C 15

Ordinance O 8

Rallies R 26

Repeal R 34

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