SMILE

(SIMPLIFIED MODULE INTENDED FOR LEARNING ENCOUNTERS)

Learner’s Packet
Name:

Section: Date:

ADVANCED CHEMISTRY
(Q1_LP4)

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS:

In the previous lessons, we have considered the arrangement of the electrons in energy
levels, sublevels, and orbitals. But perhaps you do not know yet where the numerical values come
from: for example why there is a maximum of 2 electrons in the first energy level or why the first
energy level only contains s orbital.

All these values come from the solutions to the wave equation. This equation, called the
Schrodinger wave equation, is a complex equation that has many different possible solutions.
Each of the allowed solutions give a set of three quantum numbers. These are the principal
quantum number (n), secondary quantum number (l) and the magnetic quantum numbers (ml).
The fourth quantum number (ms) is added for the fact that there can be two electrons, with
opposite spins, in any orbital. These four quantum numbers are used to describe the probable
location of an electron in an atom.

LEARNING COMPETENCY WITH CODE:

LC: Determine the quantum numbers for an energy level.

Specific Objectives:
1. Cite and explain the four quantum numbers.
2. Identify the values of each quantum number.
3. Write the set quantum numbers in a given orbital

ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES:

ACTIVITY 1: Know Me Better!

Infer the information revealed in the orbital notation given in the box and answer the given
questions below.
 1s2
1. What does the coefficient (whole number) in the notation denote?
2. What is being represented by the letter s?
3. What does the exponent mean?

ACTIVITY 2: What’s New

Read and understand the instructions given in each of the activities below and answer the
questions that follows.

Activity 2.1 – Quantum Numbers

Direction: Examine the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

Fig. 1. Orbital’s Representation

https://physicscatalyst.com/chemistry/electron-configuration.php

Questions:
1. What are the four quantum numbers depicted in the diagram?
a.
b.
c.
d.

2. Give the equivalent quantum number for the following:

a. energy level/shell -
b. sublevel/subshell -
c. orbital -
d. electron (valence)-

3. Relate the quantum numbers to your previous lesson and be able to describe each.
 a. Principal quantum number (n) -

b. Azimuthal or Secondary quantum number (l) -

c. Magnetic quantum number (ml) -

d. Spin quantum number (ms) -

Activity 2.2 – Identifying Principal Quantum Number

Determine the value for the principal quantum number of the given orbital in the table.

Set of Orbital Value of Principal Quantum Number

1. 3p

2. 4f

3. 2p

4. 5s

5. 6d

Activity 2.3 – Identifying Azimuthal or Secondary Quantum Number

Determine the value of azimuthal quantum number (l) using the equation,
l = n – 1.
If n is The Value for Azimuthal Quantum Number (l) is

Activity 2.4 – Identifying Magnetic Quantum Number

Fill up the table below with the correct answer. Read and analyze the following
procedures.
Procedure:
1. Determine all the possible values of azimuthal quantum number (l) using the equation,
l ≤ n – 1. Write your answer in the second column.
2. Determine the kind of orbital (s,p,d,f) equivalent to your answer in column 2 using the
following equivalent values: s if l=0; p if l=1; d if l=2; and f if l=3.
3. Combine the principal quantum number (n) in column 1 to the equivalent orbital you
have obtained in procedure 2. Write your answer in column 3. (Items 1 & 2 are done for
you.)
 Principal Value for Azimuthal Quantum
Quantum Number
Name of the Subshells or
Number (n)
l≤n-1 Orbital

1 0 1s

0 2s

2 1 2p

Activity 2.5 – Determining Magnetic and Spin Quantum Numbers

Procedure:
1. Draw the orbital diagram of the given set of orbitals found in column 1of the table.
2. Encircle the last arrow you have drawn.
3. A range of integral numbers (positive and negative, including 0) is written below each
box representing a set of orbital. Take note where the valence electron (last arrow) falls.
Write that number in column 2. That is the value for the magnetic quantum number.
4. To determine the spin quantum number, refer to procedure number 2. If the spin of the
arrow is upward, the ms is equal to +1/2 but if the spin is downward the ms is equal to -
1/2. Write your answer in column 3. The first item is done for you.
Value for
Magnetic
Value for Spin
Quantum
Quantum
Set of Orbitals Orbital Diagram Number (ml)
Number (ms)

1. s2 ↑↓ 0 -
𝟏
𝟐
0

2. p3

-1 0 +1
 3. d8

-2 -1 0 +1 +2

4. f10

-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3

What Is It?

Quantum numbers are used to describe the probable location of an electron in an

atom. These are the following:
1. Principal quantum number (n) – specifies the energy level and is related to the size of
the electron cloud or the general distance from the nucleus for a particular group of
electrons.
2. Azimuthal or secondary quantum number (l) – it is also known as the angular or
orbital quantum number. It describes a particular sublevel and determines the shape of
the electron probability distribution. It depends on the value of n. This can be
determined using the equation l ≤ n – 1. Therefore, if n=1, l can only be zero. If
ℓ = 0 it is called s orbital, ℓ = 1 for p orbital, ℓ = 2 for d orbital, and ℓ = 3 for f orbital. This
quantum number is very important since it specifies the shape of an atomic orbital and
strongly influences chemical bonds and bond angles.
3. Magnetic quantum number (ml) - describes the energy levels available within a
subshell and yields the projection of the orbital angular momentum along a specified
axis. The values of mℓ range from – to + ℓ, with integer steps between them. As reflected
in your answer in Activity 2.5, the s subshell (ℓ = 0) contains one orbital, and therefore
the mℓ of an electron in the s subshell will always be 0. The p subshell (ℓ = 1) contains
three orbitals clouds, (px, py & pz), so the mℓ of an electron in a p subshell will be −1, 0,
or 1. The d subshell (ℓ = 2) contains five orbitals, with mℓ values of −2, −1, 0, 1, and 2.
The value of the mℓ quantum number is associated with the orbital orientation.
4. Spin quantum number (ms) – it accounts the spin of the electrons. It does not come
from the allowed solutions to the wave equation. Since it is found that at any given orbital
can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins, there must be two possible
values of ms for each value of ml (that is, for each particular orbital). These values for
ms can either be +½ or – ½ ; that is for each value of ml, there are two possible values
of ms, or two allowed energies within each orbital.

ACTIVITY 3: What’s More

Determine what is being asked in the following items.

1. Write the set of quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms) for
a. boron
b. 4p3
2. What is wrong with the following sets of quantum numbers?
a. 2, 2, 0, + ½
b. 2, 0, 0, 0
3. How many electrons in a given atom can have the following sets of quantum numbers?
a. n = 2, l = 1, ml = -1
 b. n = 2, l = 1, ml = -1, ms = + ½
ACTIVITY 4: What I have Learned
Match each quantum number in column A with its definition in column B

Column A Column B

1. Azimuthal Quantum a. Main energy level occupied by the electron

Number

2. Magnetic Quantum b. Shape of an orbital that corresponds to a

Number particular sublevel.

3. Principal Quantum c. Numbers and orientations of orbitals around the

Number nucleus.

4. Spin Quantum Number d. Indicates which way the electron is spinning.

Identify what is asked or described in each item then write the letter of the correct
answer in your answer sheet.
1. The quantum numbers for three electrons in an atom of silicon are shown. What is the
correct order from lowest to highest energy of these electrons?
1. 𝑛=2, 𝑙=1, 𝑚l =+1, 𝑚s =− ½
2. 𝑛=3, 𝑙=1, 𝑚 l = -1, 𝑚 s =− ½
3. 𝑛=2, 𝑙=0, 𝑚l = 0, 𝑚s = + ½

a. 3, 1, 2 b. 2, 3, 1 c. 2, 1, 3 d. 1, 2, 3

2. Which of these sets of four quantum numbers does not exist?

a. 𝑛=2, 𝑙=2, 𝑚l = 0, 𝑚s=+ ½

b. 𝑛=3, 𝑙=2, 𝑚= -1, 𝑚s=+ ½

c. 𝑛=1, 𝑙=0, 𝑚l= 0, 𝑚s=+ ½

d. 𝑛=4, 𝑙=3, 𝑚= -2, 𝑚s=+ ½

3. The quantum numbers for the valence electron in an atom of lithium are
𝑛=2,=0,𝑚=0,and 𝑚=+ ½ .What are the quantum numbers for the second valence
electron in an atom of beryllium?

a. 𝑛=2, l=1, 𝑚l= 0, and 𝑚s=− ½

b. 𝑛=3, l=0, 𝑚l= 0, and 𝑚s=+ ½

c. 𝑛=2, l=0, 𝑚l= 0, and 𝑚s =− ½

d. 𝑛=2, l=0, 𝑚l=1, and 𝑚s =+ ½

 4. What is the orbital of an electron that has principal quantum
number equal to 5 and secondary quantum number equal
to 2?

a. 2p b. 5p c. 2d d. 5d

5. What is the set of quantum numbers that describes an

electron in a 3p5 orbital? a. 3, 0, 1, = ½ c. 3, 1,

0, + ½

b. 3, 0, 1, - ½ d. 3, 1, 0, - ½

REFLECTION:

Complete the statements below.

In the activity, I learned that

I enjoyed most on

I want to learn more

REFERENCES FOR LEARNERS:

Textbooks:
Redmore, F.H. Fundamentals of Chemistry: Special Philippine
Edition. Reliable Publishing House, Inc. 1980.

Internet Sources:

Electron configuration.Retrieved
from.https://physicscatalyst.com/chemistry/electron-
configuration.php