Yr —. EB, nem ater pollution (it includes both surface and gra Water pollution is classified as freshw: vy water pollution) and marine water pollution. 541 Point Sources: When the cause and place of pollution is east Sources of Water Pollution y identifiable, it j i5 know, xy point source of water pollution. Example Municipal and industrial discharge pipes. Non-point Sources: When the cause and place of pollution eannot be readily identgy q is known as non-point source of water pollution. Example Mining runoff and acid rain. 5.4.2 (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Wy) 5.4.3 0) (ii) (iii) (iv) 09) (vi) Water Pollutants Organic Pollutants: They include oil nthetic organic compounds and oxygen-demanding agricultural run-off, disease-causing w Inorganic Pollutants: They include metals, metal compounds, organometaly ce compounds, mineral acids, inorganic salts, ¢ Suspended Solids and Sediments: They comprise of sand, silt and minerals erodey from the land. Radioactive Materials: They include radioactive isotopes from nuclear reactors, nuclear power plants, research, industrial applications, agriculture and therapeutic as well as diagnostic medical applications Thermal Pollution: They include discharge of waste heat to water body by thermal and nuclear power plants, Various Remedial and Control Measures to Minimize Water Pollution “ro-emissions” laws to protect water from pollutants and contaminants. ygulations to prevent the continued pollution of water. Enfor Create strict rules and res supplies. Conserve clean water Avoid littering in any form. Support clean agriculture by preferably purchasing and consuming healthy organic foods. In the growing of the organic food, no pesticide or other harmful contaminants are used. Oppose coastal development and preserve natural wetlands, as they serve ® nature’s filter. The vast amount of various plant life, naturally occurring becter* and algae, and microorganisms help to filter destructive pollutants. Wetlands caa be al Scanned with CamScannerErevonmertat Potton and The Efects A, served through replanting efforts. casily PIE . cae ses mness in public through media, child education, ete. for preventing create Oe ‘a ” ollution. : ater a i eee 2 er (from domestic and industrial houses) before disposal. | Treat waste Wat “ prevent pollution caused by animals. ) a juce urban suburban runoff of lawn fertilizers and pesticides—stop use of duc x) Ret al pesticides around your house and lawn. url chemical : ¢ some money to replace outdated municipal water treatment plants. ation, Save paper. A healthy forest acts like a sponge to soak up and ter and then supply it to nearby lakes and rivers. i xi) Cl ‘ontribat a sop deforest clean rain wal wai) Reduce pollution from oil and petroleum liquids Maintain your vehicle more, Drive your vehicle less. qx) Reduce mercury emissions: : For new coal-fired power plants, use “coal-gasification” to filter out all mercury pollution. For existing coal-fired power plants, use better scrubber technology to reduce mercury emissions by 90%. - Conserve electricity. (av) Insist that regulatory agencies force mining industry to - Use clean technologies for mining operations. - Clean up long-abandoned but still-polluting mines. - Stop mountaintop removal coal mining practice which often buries streams together. (wi) As consumers and citizens, stop purchasing coal, metals, precious metals that are not produced by environment friendly techniques. Anvii) “ 7 ne Use only “green” household cleaners and personal care products. | viii) Biot : . as - "") Fight global warming to avoid ocean acidification and rise in the ocean \ temperature. in : ) Inerease tax on chemicals, petroleum products, packaging so as to reduce their ‘nsumption. This helps in preventing water pollution. (x) p, Teferably use solar energy, wind energy etc. becuase thermal power plants use Scanned with CamScannernmere xt Fos fresh water fov proxtucing electriity; By this, fresh water will be available for uses. Othe, (0) Fecthitate soaking of rain through permeable surfac Veways, sidewalks, ete, Impermeable surface incr 's in parking lots, Sports P: 604, se rainwater runofy, Tey \ Ulting im more Water pollution, (XH) Use fess plastic bags, as they are easily blown around and end up ercating diay m water bodies. (xxm) Promote industrial proces watenways, and keeping solid waste out of land-fill, (Muy) Promote “Green Chemistry”. Eliminate the toxic components of an Operation by using water-based solvents derived from corn, citrus fruits, soybeans and other biochemical sources. wstrial Synbiosis”. In it, the unusable waste from one company: s. Ithelps in keeping effiuen s become the input for another NL Out of 5.4.4 Water Treatment Using anetwork of sewers (i.e. underground pipes), sewage (i.e. waste water) from residential and commercial areas and industries is collected. This sewage is then transported through, Sewerage system to treatment plants for purification. Waste water treatment is carried out in following steps: (a) Primary Treatment; It helps in the removal of suspended particles. (b) Secondary Treatment: It helps in the aerobic decomposition of organic matter. (c) Tertiary Treatment: It helps in the production of safe water, free from harmful chemicals and pathogenic bacteria. Figure 5.2 shows the layout of'a water treatment plant. The tertiary treatment consists of flocculation, activated carbon, reverse osmosis and/or chlorination methods to get pure water. Scanned with CamScannerPrimary Veatment Removal Removal of ofsand debris and and grit other solids Fh seg Sedimentation Grit “ens tank tank ' : Removal of suspended solids S| 2° Treatment ———————_+} Retum Mixed Liquor scuvated —_—_ar 1 sludge 4 Compressed | | air Aeration tank Final settling tank |__> Removal of 7 dissolved solids |__| ! /——————_F 3° Treatment Recycled water class B/C Disinfection : Waste water Restricted sludge for agricultural and processing —> Removal of landscape reuse \ pathogens led wat Compost Lashes aed Drinking-—Filtration Industrial and Agricultural water domestic reuse reuse (non-drinking) Fig. 5.2 Layout of a water treatment plant Scanned with CamScanner