How to Solve the Widespread Flooding in the Cities?

Urban flooding is a major problem in many parts of the world, and it is one of the most natural disasters that occur
each year. Urban flooding is a complex phenomenon that can take many forms, including urban flooding caused by
a lack of drainage in an urban area. Because there is little open soil for water storage, nearly all precipitation must
be transported to surface water or the sewage system. Flooding can occur when the city's sewage system and
draining canals do not have the capacity to drain away the amount of rain that is falling. Water may even enter the
sewage system in one place and then get deposited somewhere else in the city on the streets.

Floods in cities cause significant disruption to daily life. Roads may be closed, and people may be unable to get to
work or school. Due to the nature of the flood, the economic damages are high, but the number of casualties is
usually very low. On the city streets, the water slowly rises. When the city is on flat terrain, the flow speed is low,
but people can still drive through it. The water level usually does not reach life-threatening heights because it rises
slowly.

In Asia, urban flooding is a frequent thing. Almost every city is susceptible to urban flooding in some way, and
city dwellers are extremely vulnerable. Farmland, vegetation cover, and bare soil have all been converted into
built-up areas in urban environments. As a result, water runs off the concrete structures, causing pluvial flooding or
urban flooding. Flooding has become more likely in urban areas due to the rapid increase in impermeable surfaces
and urban development. Similarly, the intensity of urban floods increases with prolonged rainfall. With climate
change, the likelihood of urban flooding is expected to rise even further.

Asian city populations gradually increase, and these new residents require housing to meet their needs. As urban
populations grow, existing resources and infrastructure become increasingly stressed. At the same time, land values
rise, and taller buildings are built to meet rising housing demand. Finally, the most noticeable feature of cities
located in the developing countries is haphazard urban expansion over valuable natural resources. In all of these
cases, it is the poor who are forced to build on illegal, unsafe land in high-risk areas. This situation, in which
people consistently encroach on flood-prone areas narrow the channel, reducing channel carrying capacity, is very
common in almost every megacity. These are some of the most important factors. This situation, in which people
consistently expand on flood-prone areas, narrows the channel, reducing its carrying capacity, is very common in
almost every megacity. These are some of the major factors causing massive flood damage in urban areas.

Five Feet High and Rising Cities and Flooding in the 21st Century
Urban flooding is an increasingly important issue. Disaster statistics appear to show flood events are becoming
more frequent, with medium-scale events increasing fastest. The impact of flooding is driven by a combination of
natural and human-induced factors. As recent flood events in Pakistan, Brazil, Sri Lanka and Australia show,
floods can occur in widespread locations and can sometimes overwhelm even the best prepared countries and
cities. There are known and tested measures for urban flood risk management, typically classified as structural or
engineered measures, and non-structural, management techniques. A combination of measures to form an
integrated management approach is most likely to be successful in reducing flood risk. In the short term and for
developing countries in particular, the factors affecting exposure and vulnerability are increasing at the fastest rate
as urbanization puts more people and more assets at risk. In the longer term, however, climate scenarios are likely
to be one of the most important drivers of future changes in flood risk. Due to the large uncertainties in projections
of climate change, adaptation to the changing risk needs to be flexible to a wide range of future scenarios and to be
able to cope with potentially large changes in sea level, rainfall intensity and snowmelt. Climate uncertainty and
budgetary, institutional and practical constraints are likely to lead to a combining of structural and non-structural
measures for urban flood risk management, and arguably, to a move away from what is sometimes an over-reliance
on hard-engineered defences and toward more adaptable and incremental non-structural solutions.
FLOATING CITY DEFINITION AND TYPES
Floating city Ocean colonization, the theory and practice of building structures to allow humans to live
permanently in areas of earth covered in water. Types of floating structures: Types of floating structures: supported
studies, totally floating structures are divided into 2 teams.

A) Semi floating structure: Semi floating structures are unbroken at the highest of water surface by victimization
pipe-form columns. This sort of structures is employed for conditions of ocean with radio emission.
B) Full floating structure: These types of structure stay as an oversized plate on water surface. Full floating
structures are principally appropriate for pacific waters like lakes, gulfs, coastal lines.

PROTECTION FROM NATURAL DISASTER

Because they might be designed on the water, floating Town structures would maintain a lower center of Gravity,
protective them from robust waves, floods, Tsunamis, and even hurricanes. The utilization of Locally-sourced
innovative building materials would Enable the structures to self-repair over time and stand Up to natural harsh
atmospheric condition.

Understanding the effects of climate change on future urban floods can provide theoretical and technical guidance
for enhancing future flood control and risk management capabilities. Since urban flooding is becoming a more
common natural hazard in more cities around the world, it is causing not only massive economic losses but also
significant environmental and ecosystem destruction. The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme rainfalls,
as well as the increasing share of impervious land cover types, lead to more frequent and severe urban flood events
in the context of global climate change and rapid urbanization. Furthermore, increases in economic activity and
population make cities more susceptible to urban flood events, while potential sea-level rise may weaken flood
control infrastructure's defence capability.

The necessity to protect the natural environment becomes more important in the present and even more In future if
there is to be any hope for our planet .As our cities struggle with overcrowding and undesirable living situations,
the ocean remains a potential boundary for sophisticated water based communities. Due to their buoyant design,
floating cities would provide safe, climate-resilient housing for flood-striken communities. Additionally, the
positioning of the platforms in a floating city could cost shadows on the surface of the water, helping to lower
oceans temperatures that have risen as a result of climate change.
Urban flooding is a natural disaster that cannot be avoided however, the damages caused by flooding can be
avoided with proper flood mitigation planning. As a result, proper estimation of flood extent and flood hazard for
different flow conditions is required so that a proper flood evacuation and disaster management plan can be
prepared in advance. Most severe flood scenarios occur as a result of a combination of surface flooding, channel
overtopping, and tidal flooding. For effective urban flood management and mitigation plans, the possible flooding
scenario for extreme rainfall events, or various return periods of rainfall, and other design scenarios, must be
simulated