1

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

Nowadays, everything is always about technology. As the internet usage had grown

extensively all over the world, it is no longer used only for entertainment and research. It

is also used now for a tool in business. Today, internet is used for marketing, advertising

and as a transaction medium. By using Internet, people have the opportunity to sell goods

or services worldwide, and thus building the concept of e-commerce (Naovarat and

Juntongin, 2015). Online shopping became rampant not only to adults who do not have

enough time to shop personally but also to those teenagers, specially millennial who do

not have also time or prefer to shop online for convenience.

The goal of online shopping is to sell their products wisely over the Internet. Online

shopping is becoming increasingly popular for variety of reasons. There are certainly

outside factors such as increasing gas prices, difficulty in getting to traditional stores and

hassles often associated with shopping malls and other traditional stores to contribute to

the increased interest in online shopping (Mascarenhas, 2014).

Convenience and time savings are the most important reasons of shopping online

whereas the biggest obstacle is website security/privacy as reported in a New Zealand

based study. A comparative study between US and Irish students indicated that Irish

students buy fewer items online but spend more buying these items than US students

whereas US students are slightly more satisfied with their online purchases. Indian youth

considers online shopping websites for attributes such as product features, product

comparison, pricing and retail information but felt more comfortable in making cash
 2

transactions, because online transactions are anticipated to be more insecure (Akhlaq&

Ahmed, 2014).

Philippines, with its more than 39.4 million of internet users ranked 6 th in the world

and penetrating an estimate of 39.43% internet users against its total population (Internet

Live Status, 2015). Moreover, when it comes to learning more about what they need to

buy, Filipinos are among the most active in the Asia-Pacific region in using the Internet

for product research and sharing online deals (Lucas, 2012). However, despite the

acceptance of e-commerce in western countries, the rise of online stores, product research

and technological advancements, shopping habits of Filipinos remain traditional

advancements; shopping habits of Filipinos remain traditional. The number of Filipino

consumer that purchases online remains relatively low. For that reason, this study is

designed and patterned to the study of Leelayouthayotin (2004) and Napitupulu &

Kartivians (2014) and from the other related studies to investigate factors that encourages

and discourages consumers to purchase online and find out the relative importance of

each factor with respect to the other factors. So as to develop a model that would

encourage customers to engage more into online shopping for e-commerce to be

successful in the Philippine market.

Filipinos are among Asia Pacific's most active Internet users and the ones most

proactive in product research that includes comparing product prices, reading consumer

reviews and searching for the best deals. Ordinary Filipino opts to conduct extensive

research, before actually purchasing online. However, only thirty-four (34) percent of

these online searches convert to actual sales. That is smaller compared to sixty-four (64)

percent in our Asian neighbors and forty-nine (49) percent globally. The most visited
 3

sites are music downloads sites (43.9 percent), personal, education or professional

development portals (40.3 percent) and computer software websites (33.9 percent).But

the sites where Filipinos actually buy from are app stores, supermarkets, and airlines.

People choose sites that are environment-friendly (78.6 percent), while 62.5 percent

choose sites that donate to a good cause. Filipinos are generally cautious on online

shopping because of security (89 percent), speed of transaction (88.5 percent),

convenience of payment methods (88.5 percent), 80 percent price/values, return or

exchange policy, website reputation, online review, customer service, low delivery

charges, and use of various payment methods

(https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/10/19/14/what-buying-behavior-filipinos-online).

According to Marjury Lorezco, chief trade and industry specialist of DTI-

Pangasinan, the consumers must exercise their right to information for their safety and so

they could make better choices. “Before buying the product online, one should check or

verify if the website is secured or valid before clicking or accepting the offer. Consumers

are encouraged also to compare offered products online to nearby business

establishments selling the same product to validate its price and quality,” she said.

Lorezco added that her office encourages paying online transactions through cash

on delivery (COD) to ensure that the goods bought by the consumer are delivered in good

condition. “Consumers doing online shopping should read and take note of the terms and

conditions given by the online seller,” she said. She noted that these rules apply even to

consumers buying products in physical stores. “The rights to information and better

choices are the most underrated rights of consumers. We all must read labels and the
 4

warranty’s terms and conditions since the best way to protect our rights as consumers is

to be informed,” she said.

DTI-Pangasinan celebrates Consumers Welfare Month this October with the theme,

“Making Digital Marketplaces Fairer”, which it kicked off with a fun-run in La Union

province. Lorezco said DTI-Pangasinan conducts seminars and fora to strengthen

consumers’ awareness of their rights. “Aside from seminars and fora, we will also

recognize our Bagwis Awardees. These are business establishments that complied with

the requirements of excellence of upholding the rights of consumers while practicing

responsible business,” she said. In Pangasinan, eight establishments will be presented the

Gold Bagwis Awards (highest excellence award) this year, she said

(http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1050156).

Theoretical Framework

The use of apps and websites in online shopping is anchored on certain developed

theories of decision making, purchasing, and transacting. The researchers adopted several

of them to anchor the study.

Several opinion polls have found that many consumers resist making purchases via

the Internet because of their concerns about the privacy of the personal information they

provide to Internet merchants. According to the Theory of Planned Behaviour and

Internet Purchasing, this study invested the relationships among beliefs about Internet

privacy and trustworthiness, along with beliefs about perceived behavioral control and

the expectations of important others, and online purchasing behavior (George, 2014).

This study believes about self-efficacy regarding purchasing positively affect perceived

behavioural control, which in turn affects online purchasing behaviour. In short,

 5

respondents who believed in the trustworthiness of the internet and in their own abilities

to buy online were more likely to make internet purchase than were those without such

beliefs.

With the increasing number of websites that have found their way into their daily

lives, substantial resources are invested in enhancing user experience beyond mere

functionally. A Grounded Theory of Online Shopping Flow develops a grounded theory

of flow experiences in the context of online shopping, and sheds light on the theoretical

relationships between concrete realizable website design options, corresponding latent

constructs, and flow experience (Mahnke, Benlian, and Hess, 2015). This study develops

a grounded theory of flow experience of the users of large shopping platforms, shedding

light on the theoretical relationships between concrete realizable website design options,

corresponding latent constructs, and the flow experience.

Shopping Continuum Theory (SCT) it is based on a tripartite view for a theoretical

perspective and put attention on affect as an equal character to cognition for consumers’

decision-making. It is provides depth understanding of shopping tasks (goal-oriented,

experiential-oriented, and search-oriented shopping tasks) and interaction of cognitive

and affective perceptions toward online stores. This study explains how online consumers

cognitively and effectively interact to information and shopping environments provided

by online stores, depending on their shopping task orientations, and how the interaction

influences shopping choice. SCT suggests that consumers have a heuristic decision-

making process and tend to make a shopping choice, which is consistent with their

shopping task orientations because decision-making tends to fall into a continuum (Eun-

Jung Choi, 2014).

 6

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework in the study is presented in a process flow that is shown

in Figure 1 in the next page. This is patterned from the Input-Process-Output (IPO)

Model that guides researchers in the development of proposed supplementary

instructional materials. This model guides the researcher on the relationships of the

variables in the study (Zulueta, 2010).

Even if the business is only found online or you have an online presence, there are

four Philippine laws that still govern the actions of the respondents. While there is a lot of

technicality with regard to online transactions, the rule of thumb is that if people are

based and operating in the Philippines and your IP address is in the Philippines, then you

are covered by these laws.

According to the Republic Act No. 8792 or the Electronic Commerce Act of 2000

provides for penalties on computer hacking, introduction of viruses and piracy of

copyrighted works of at least P100,000 and maximum commensurate to the damage

incurred, and imprisonment of six (6) months to three (3) years, among others. It

promotes e-commerce in the country, particularly in business-tot-business ad business-to-

consumer transactions whereby business relations are enhanced and facilitated and

consumers are able to find and purchase products online.

Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of Republic Act No. 8792 states that

the IRR spells out the rules and regulations in implementing the E-Commerce Act and

provides clarifications/explanation on the law’s provision.

DTI Department Administrative Order No. 8 - “Prescribing Guidelines for the

Protection of personal Data in Information and Communications System in the Private

 7

Sector” states that this governs data protection certifies and processing of all types of

personal data. The intention of the guidelines is to encourage and provide support to

private entities to adopt private policies for the protection of the personal data in an

information and communication system in the private sector.

And lastly, DTI-DOH-DA Joint Department Administrative Order (JDAO) NO. 1,

entitled Rules and Regulations for Consumer Protection in a Transaction Covered by the

Consumer Act of the Philippines states that the JDAO aims to protect consumers doing

online transactions, specifically on the purchase of products and services pursuant to the

Consumer Act of the Philippines. It applies to all retailers or sellers, whether located here

or abroad, engaged in electronic commerce with consumers. Moreover, it adopts the

provisions of the Consumer Act on fair business practice and the prohibition from

engaging in false, deceptive and misleading advertisements.

To enable consumers to make an informed choice or decision, the guidelines

require the online disclosure of accurate, clear and easily accessible information about the

retailers or sellers, the products or service being offered, and the terms, conditions and

costs of the consumer transaction. Also under the guidelines, retailers or sellers are

mandated to set up and make operational internal complaint-handling mechanism for

consumer complaints, without prejudice to the rights of the consumers to seek legal

redress.

Aside from this, it also provides procedure or structure address/resolve a complaint

filed before concerned implementing agencies (i.e., DTI, DA and DOH). As to a

consumer transaction involving a Philippine resident consumer and a retailer or seller of

another country, said consumer has the option to file his complaint either with the
 8

Philippines trade or consular office or embassy therein or directly with the foreign

government agency or regulator where the retailer or seller is located with the assistance

of the counterpart Philippine government agency concerned

(https://www.entreprenuer.com.ph/business-ideas/4-philippine-laws-that-govern-online-

business).

I P O
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Profile
a. Age Determining the
profile of the
b. Sex respondents in terms
of age, sex, interest,
c. Interest monthly family
income, and daily
d.Monthlyfamily
allowance Info-graphic design
income
Adopting the Survey about the safety usage
e. Daily allowance of online shopping
Questionnaire and the
 Advantages and Checklist from the and guides in
disadvantages of related research shopping and paying
using online online.
Asking to validate the
shopping
Survey Questionnaire
 Effects of and Checklist from the
shopping and validators
paying online
Evaluating the
 Problems usually gathered data from the
encountered when respondents
shopping or
paying online
1.

Figure. 1 Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

 9

At the left of the framework was the input. The center consists of the process; and

the rightmost part was the output. Under the input are the profile of the respondents, the

effects of shopping and paying online, the problems usually encountered when shopping

or paying online, and the mostly enticed to do online shopping and transactions. All the

input must undergo analysis that come out with an output which is the respondents were

going to be more aware and to know the safety guides on choosing the best online shops

in purchasing products. This research aimed to give information and benefits to the

consumers and the sellers in online shopping.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to know the pros and cons of online shopping and transaction

among shoppers in Senior High School (SHS) level, who are studying in Pangasinan

State University - Bayambang Campus (PSU-BC), Bayambang, Pangasinan during the

2nd Semester S.Y. 2018-2019.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following sub-problems:

1. What are the profiles of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age,

1.2 Sex,

1.3 Interest,

1.4 Monthly family income, and

1.5 Daily allowance?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping?

 10

3. What are the effects of shopping and paying online?

4. What are the problems usually encountered when shopping or paying online?

Scope and Delimitation

This study will focuses on Pros and Cons of Using Online Shopping Among

Grade 12 Students in Pangasinan State University-Bayambang Campus.

This study will be limited to thirty (30) respondents. It will be selected randomly

from Grade 12 only. The researchers will gather data from February to May in year 2019.

Significance of the Study

The study conducts the Pros and Cons of Using online shopping and transactions

gives more information and benefits to the following:

The Consumers. This study will help the costumers to be updated in a faster and

easier way. The consumer can search the needed information about the product they want

to buy.

The Suppliers. The study helps the supplier promote their respective brands or

products. The supplier can get information from their customer about the product.

Future Researcher. This project will act as a guide to future researchers on how to

work and practice their gained knowledge in developing such research. The researchers

can get idea and they develop much better project.

Definition of terms

The following terms were defined in order to have a better understanding in the study.

Online shopping. It is the act of purchasing products or services over the internet.

Online shopping grown has grown in popularity over the years, mainly because people
 11

find it convenient and easy to bargain shop from the comfort of their home or office. One

of the most enticing factor about online shopping, particularly during a holiday season, is

it alleviates the need to wait in long lines or search from store to store for a particular

item.

Pros and Cons. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, it is the good

points and bad points of some things or the advantages and disadvantages some things.

E-commerce. It is an abbreviation for electronic commerce. It is the buying and

selling of goods and services, or the transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic

network, primarily the internet.

Transaction. In general, transaction means agreement, contract, exchange,

understanding, or transfer of cash or property that occurs between two or more parties

and establishes a legal obligation. In terms of commerce, transaction means exchange of

goods or services between a buyer and a seller.

 12

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This portion of the study presents a set of literature and studies in the area of

development of instructional materials that served as guide in the conceptualization of the

present study.

Related Literature

Consumer’s trait includes their demographic factors such as age, monthly family

income, sex and daily allowance will lead them to have the intention to shop online. For

age factor, consumers that are aged under twenty-five (25) has more potential to shop in

online because of their interest in using new technologies to search for product

information and compare and evaluate alternatives (Wood, 2002). For educational level,

higher educated consumers are more likely to use the internet for their shopping medium

because they are more computer literate (Burke, 2002).

Online shopping provides several unique advantages to the customer, such as 24-

hour availability, interactivity (i.e., the consumer controls the information flow)

(Hoffman and Novak, 2000), powerful and inexpensive means of searching for product

information, perceptual experiences superior to printed catalogs, immediate physical

distribution of intangible goods (e.g., software, music) (Peterson et.al. 1997),

customization of the transactional environment (e.g., Web site) and virtual communities

for communicating with other Internet users. But even with these powerful advantages

online shopping provides, only a minority of consumers use this marketing channel,

suggesting that significant barriers to online shopping exist.

 13

In comparison to traditional retailing channels, buying over the Internet represents

a shopping innovation (Dholakia and Uusitalo, 2002). According to Ram and Seth’s

(1981) theoretical framework of existing barriers, which refers to consumers’ resistance

to adopt innovations, provides a conceptual starting point for identifying possible barriers

in the online shopping environment. The authors distinguish between two categories of

barriers, functional and psychological, both of which can paralyze customer’s desire to

adopt innovations.

Functional barriers are likely to emerge if consumers perceive significant

changes from adopting an innovation. Such barriers arise in the online shopping

environment as a result of the significant differences associated with this channel as

compared to store-based shopping. Functional barriers can be divided Usage, Value, and

Risk barriers.

Usage barriers exist in areas where online shopping process is not compatible

with costumers’ current shopping habits and require substantial changes in consumers’

current buying and consumption routines (Ram and Sheth, 1989). Buying on the Internet

puts some distinct requirements on the individual because the shopping process is quite

different from traditional shopping channels. Instead of being served be sales personnel,

Internet users are required to register before purchasing and must employ search

functions/menus to shop online (Raijas and Tuunainen, 2001). Online customers also

need to have access to the World Wide Web (WWW) and to a commonly accepted credit

card for most online shopping channels (Hammond, 2001). Thus, low-income consumers

who lack Internet access and credit cards are effectively eliminated from the online
 14

channel. Moreover, online buyers need to have skills and know-how to navigate through

the Internet and to master the online shopping process (Dholakia and Uusitalo, 2002).

The second functional barrier, Value, refers to the value consumers perceive from

the online shopping experience (Ram and Sheth, 1989). Here, the advantages and

disadvantages, when comparing online and store-based shopping, impact consumers’

choice of a particular retail channel. For example, during the online buying process,

consumers are not able to see and touch merchandise in person to make judgments about

the quality and value that is provided. Another major Value barrier is the missing

interaction with sales personnel who can provide information, advice, and human contact

during the online buying process (Dennis et.al. 2002). Furthermore, product information

obtained through online shopping channels can be limited in comparison to traditional

retail channels (Alba et.al. 1997), making it difficult for the consumer to gather sufficient

information to arrive at a choice decision. Home delivery, which can result in a time lag

between the order and delivery of purchase, is another important Value barrier for

consumers when considering online shopping.

The third functional barrier, Risk, represents the uncertainty and potential

undesired side effects that cannot be anticipated, which can inhibit consumer adoption of

innovation (Ram and Sheth, 1989). In the literature, perceived risk in online shopping

appears frequently as an important barrier to purchasing over the Internet. Both buying

and non-buying Internet users tend to perceive risk in online shopping (Ben-Ur and

Winfield, 2002; Lieberman and Stashevsky, 2002) based on the lack of trust in online

shopping channels (Hoffman et.al. 1999; Graner Kraeuter, 2002; Reynolds, 2000).

According to Hoffman et.al., (1999), many Internet users do not trust online firms enough
 15

to engage in relationship exchanges with them. Consumers’ perceived risk of on- line

shopping is expressed through various concerns: fear of credit card fraud, reluctance to

supply personal information, lack of immediate availability of product offers, missing

human interaction, lack of proof of online transactions (e.g., receipt), fear of faulty home

delivery of merchandise, as well as perceived difficulties in returning merchandise that

fails to perform or does not comply with specifications (Lieberman and Stashevsky,

2002; Hoffman et al., 1999).

Psychological barriers arise when innovations cause consumers to be in conflict

with their prior beliefs. Two types of psychological barriers, Tradition and Image barriers

have been identified. Tradition barriers result from the cultural changes consumers go

through when engaged in online shopping, requiring consumers to deviate from

established traditions (Ram and Sheth, 1989). This can occur in the online channel when

activities that consumer have become accustomed to, such as the ability to personally

inspect products or to ask questions about services to a company representative, are

absent (Harrison Walker, 2002). Image barriers comprise the second psychological

barrier. They exist when consumers’ hold unfavorable beliefs that result from

stereotypical thinking (Ram and Sheth, 1989). Common Image barriers among consumers

regarding online shopping are that the process is compligcated, takes too much time,

home delivery service is poor, and that it is difficult to return merchandise (Raijas and

Tuunainen, 2001; Cude and Morganosky, 2002; Essinger et.al. 2001).

The conceptual model posits two determinants of attitudes toward online

purchasing, namely overall satisfaction with previous online purchases and experience

with online purchase problems. As will be discussed shortly, postulations of attitude

 16

formation theories provide strong unequivocal evidence in support of an antecedent effect

of experience on attitudes. However, the same cannot be said of the effect of overall

satisfaction. Whereas some researchers treat it as an antecedent to attitudes (e.g.,

Garbarino and Johnson 1999), others treat it as consequence (e.g., Hellier et.al. 2003).

Some insights from Roest and Piesters (1997) suggest that these differences arise because

attitudes can be formed either pre- or post purchase. Overall satisfaction, however, is

always a postexperience (purchase) construct. Accordingly, prepurchase attitudes must

necessarily be antecedents to overall satisfaction. However, although the possibility exists

for postpurchase attitudes to overall satisfaction, they are more likely shaped by the latter,

making them the consequence rather than the antecedent (Roest and Pieters, 1997).

Indeed some researchers even suggest that attitude toward a product can be assessed as

the sum of satisfactions with various attributes of the product (Churchill and Supernant,

1982; Oliver, 1981). This essentially makes satisfaction an antecedent of attitude. Since

the present study focuses on consumers who have previously made online purchases,

reported must necessarily be postpurchase attitudes, and therefore a consequence of

overall satisfaction (Hellier et al., 2003).

The negative effect of experience with online shopping problems on online

shopping attitude is consistent with other aspects of attitude theories suggesting that

experiences are key determinants of attitudes. However, an unexpected finding is the

differential impact of these negative experiences on attitudes and overall satisfaction, i.e.,

negative experiences have a significant negative effect on online shopping attitude but

totally unrelated to overall satisfaction (Abdul-Muhmin, 2011).

 17

Related Studies

The following are foreign and local studies reviewed by the researcher that have

bearing with the present study.

Foreign

E-commerce has become a standard method of providing distributed information

to many different platforms. It is being implemented by a growing number of companies

to be more completive in corporate world. All companies need to step forward towards a

new technology. To be able to compete with global market, e-commerce was a good

answer (Lanvin and Maggarqul, 2009).

The company’s websites seems to have a significant influence on sales and

corporate image, and are expected to contribute to overall customer satisfaction (Hossain,

2011). The easiest way to be reliable to the customer is to maintain an easy and image in

the company’s website, which created positive web experience to the customer. This can

be done by having transparent interface, rich content, easily accessible information and

having a design that facilitates multiple audiences. This is simple emphasizing the

importance of knowing the target visitors as they have different tastes in terms of color

and design as a whole. Also, a good design is not enough to make your customer stay in

the website; it must be informative a well especially on the product details. As what

Efendiolglu and Igna stated that companies may have great content, dynamic and

attractive design on their website, but the customer may not be aware of that website

because of wrong or inadequate online marketing

(https://pue.ltu.se/ws/files/33033408/LTU-EX-2011-32955905.pdf).
 18

Website security also refers to the protection of confidential information of the

consumers. This is one way of gaining the customers trust because costumers want to

believe that the information they provide will be protected and used only in appropriate

ways (Mansoorian, 2012). Some of the important details to be protected are Address and

Contact Number which has to keep in private. Passwords must also be encrypted to

protect the consumer’s account from hackers.

Apart from the content of website and design of the pages, security must also take

into consideration most importantly on the payment transactions. Authentication and

payment systems must provide a high level of security due to the sensitive functions they

perform. In order to achieve a strong authentication method, it is necessary to identify

and understand what needs to be protected, possible attacks, how to protect vulnerable

points and a ways to detect attacks. These methods can also be made more resilient to

attacks by incorporating multiple authentication factors and communication channels.

Most importantly, the limitations of the authentication method used must be clearly

understood. This is why online shopping prefers payment gateways such as PayPal,

PayZa, Google Checkout etc. to ensure a fast and secure transaction between the client

and the company.

Several criteria must also be considered to create a successful e-commerce.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is a specialized research-driven process of analyzing

and editing your web site in order to increase the rankings of your site pages for specific

search terms in search engines. By targeting strategic key phrases that appeal to your

target audiences, SEO allows you to be found by global or regional markets of

individuals who are seeking precisely whatever it is that you offer. Whether it is a
 19

product, a service, a mission or a message that you want to promote, search engine

optimization provides benefits for just about any type of organization that wants to reach

people (Jaffray, 2013).

Local

Business who engaged into Electronic Commerce (E-commerce) has been

observed to gain a competitive edge in the field of Marketing in terms of accessibility,

convenience and availability. Since the internet is accessible by people globally, the

customers are no longer limited within the vicinity of the store. Anyone can visit the store

anywhere, anytime without hassle. Just by navigating the store, the costumer can choose

the products and purchase it without going to the store directly. Online shopping proves

to enhance the way usual business transactions occur and helps lessen the time and effort

consumed by the company and costumers as well (Deanna and Fritz, 2011). With these, a

good relationship with their costumers will be established and their objective of

increasing their sales will be achieved (Kim and Katherine, 2012).

Through internet, online shopping offers a simplified approach in business deals

and gives a new option for selling and buying the company’s products and at the same

time not only selling and buying of products but also advertising the site (Roso and

Navarro, 2012). Since most of the companies employ websites as one of their marketing

strategies, competitors are also spreading. The company must take into considerations the

key factors in order to have a successful online marketing system starting from the target

audience, web design, interface, security in terms of payment and customer information,

content and even the smallest details of a website.

 20

Synthesis

Based on the information gathered by the researchers, company who engages into

Marketing are more likely to be more competitive in the business field. The company will

have a good image, thus attracting more customers. According to the related literature

and studies collected, online shopping also promotes convenience to both consumers and

company. Yet, to have a successful online marketing, there are several criteria to be

considered first before developing website. These are the target visitors, the web design,

security, maintainability, reliability, handiness, quality and ease of use.

The researchers’ aim is not just build a website but a costumer-converter online

marketing by providing adequate details of the products, user-friendly interface, secured

payment transaction, search-engine friendly and easy-to maintain environment. The

proposed system will not just build to advertise all over the web but to provide good

services to the target visitors. These considerations will help the company in gaining a

good image and eventually attracting more consumers to buy their items.
 21

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the research methodology used in the study. This includes

a discussion regarding the research design, sources of data, research instrument, data

collection, and statistical tools used to analyze the data.

Research Design

This study focused on knowing the pros and cons of using online shopping among

the Gr. 12 students of PSU- Bayambang, Pangasinan during the 2 nd Semester S.Y. 2018-

2019. It determines the advantages and disadvantages of using online shopping; the

effects of using online shopping; and the problems usually encountered when using

online shopping. It adopted the descriptive method of research.

Descriptive research, as defined by Calderon and Gonzales (2009), is considered

as a purposive process of gathering, analyzing, classifying, and tabulating data about

prevailing conditions, practices, beliefs, processes, trends, and cause and effect

relationships and then making adequate and accurate interpretation about such data. It is a

method of describing the nature of a situation as it exists at the time of the study and a

method of research based on the collection and analysis of the relationship of data.

It is descriptive because it described the existing conditions in using online

shopping. It describe the pros and cons of using online shopping and help researchers to

determine the advantages and disadvantages of using online shopping, effects of using

online shopping and the problems usually encountered when shopping online.

The researchers will give Survey Questionnaire to the respondents to gather

information about the research.

 22

Sources of Data

Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted at the Pangasinan State University, Bayambang

Campus, Bayambang, Pangasinan where the researchers are Grade 11 students. The

respondents are the Gr. 12 students of PSU-Bayambang who are 15 to 20 yrs old during

the second semester S.Y. 2018-2019.

The school offered Senior High School level. They offered five academic strands

which are Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Accountancy,

Business and Management (ABM), Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS),

Information and Communications Technology (ICT), and Technical-Vocational-

Livelihood (TVL) is available for Gr. 12 students.

Population Sampling

This research utilized the purposive sample design. A purposive sample is a non-

probability sample that is selected based on characteristics of a population and the

objective of the study. Purposive sampling is also known as judgmental, selective, or

subjective sampling (https://www.thoughtco.com/purposive-sampling-3026727).

The target population of this research include the Grade 12 students of PSU-BC.

Those students are in Senior High School level. The researchers will randomly choose

thirty (30) respondents only.

 23

Instrumentation and Data Collection

The instrument that the researchers used in this study was the Survey

Questionnaire for Respondents found in Appendix C that was used to gather information

about the pros and cons of using online shopping of Gr. 12 students of PSU-Bayambang.

This type of non-scientific sampling design is based on selecting the individuals as

samples according to the purposes of the researcher as her controls (Calmorin, 2010).

The researchers first requested permission to conduct the study in PSU-

Bayambang using the letter found in Appendix A and the letter for the respondents is

found in Appendix B.

The important instrument in this study is the gathered data from the answers of

the respondents in the Survey Questionnaire and Checklist form that will be used to

define the stated problems of the researchers regarding with the issue.

Tools for Data Analysis

Appropriate statistical tools were utilized in the analysis of the data gathered to

ensure valid results.

To answer sub-problems #1-5 which are the profile of the respondents in terms of

age, sex, interest, family monthly income and their daily allowance; the advantages and

disadvantages of using online shopping; the effects of shopping and paying online; and

lastly, the problems usually encountered by the respondents when shopping and paying

online, it may be delay in delivery, cheap quality of product, product damage, non-

delivery or many more.

 24

There are three parts of the Survey Questionnaire that the researchers prepared.

The first part is the Personal profile, including the age, sex, and socioeconomic status or

the family monthly income, and their daily allowance. The second part of the Survey

Questionnaire form is the questions that answer mostly the sub-problems of this study; it

is about the level of agreement. Number 5 means Strongly Agree which the respondents

considered the phrase to be true or the respondents totally agree with the given phrase.

Number 4 means Agree which the respondents agree with the given phrase. Number 3

means Indifferent which the respondents agree or not. Number 2 is Disagree which

means the respondents do not agree with the phrase and lastly number 1 means Strongly

Disagree which means the respondents strongly disagree with the phrase. The last part of

the Survey Questionnaire form is a checklist which the respondents will check the

appropriate answer that corresponds with the given selection.

 25

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTAION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter is primarily concerned with the presentation, analysis, and

interpretation of the data gathered. The results are organized according to the sub-

problems presented in Chapter I. the presentation is made in tabular and textual forms

and logically arranged based on the statement of the problems.

The first sub-problem was the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex,

monthly family income, and daily allowance of the respondents.

Table 1. Profile of the Respondents

N=30

Age Sex

Male Female

Range Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage

(%) (%) (%)
15 or 0 0 0 0 0 0
below
16 0 0 0 0 0 0

17 8 27 2 7 6 20

18 19 63 7 23 12 40

19 or 3 10 1 3 2 7

below

total 30 100 10 33 20 67
 26

Table 1 shows the age range of the respondents. Majority (64%) of the

respondents have the age of 18. The 17 range of age comes next which comprises 30% of

the total respondents. The lowest percent goes to 19 year old and above which only

comprises 6% of the total sample population. Out of 50 respondents surveyed, 48% are

males while 52% are females which means majority of the total sample population are

females.

Table 2. Monthly Family Income

N=30

Monthly Family Income Number of Respondents Percentage

(f) (%)
Less than P 5,000 per 9 30
month
Between P 5,001 to P 15 50
20,000 per month
Between P 20,001 to P 3 10
35,000 per month
Between P 35,001 to P 2 7
70,000 per month
Between P 70,001 to P 1 3
100,000 per month
More than P 100,001 per 0 0
month
Total 30 100

Table 2 shows the Family Income range of the respondents. Majority (40%) of

respondents have the family income between P 5,000 to P 20,000 per month. Less than P

5,000 per month comes next which comprises 26% of the total respondents. The lowest

percent goes between P 70,000 to P 100,000 which only comprises 2% of the total

population.
 27

Table 3. Daily Allowance

N=30

Daily allowance Number of Respondents Percentage

(f) (%)
Less than P 100 per day 15 30

Between P 101 to P 200 per 33 66

day
Between P 201 to P 300 2 4
per day
Between P 301 to P 400 per 0 0
day
Between P 401 to P 500 per 0 0
day
More than P 501 per day 0 0

Total 30 100

Table 3 shows the daily allowance range of the respondents. Majority (66%) have

the allowance between P 100 to P200 per day. Less than P 100 per day comes next which

comprises 30% of the total respondents. The lowest percent goes between P 200 to P 300

allowance per day which only comprises 4% of the total sample population.

Table 4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Shopping

N=30

Strongly Agree Agree Indifferent Disagree Strongly

Disagree
5 4 3 2 1

Statements 5 4 3 2 1 To 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% To

tal tal

Shopping on the 2 10 11 3 4 30 10% 36% 28% 10% 16% 100

internet save time.
It is a great advantage 3 10 13 4 0 30 10% 33% 43% 14% 0% 100
 28

to be able to shop at
any time of the day.
I prefer traditional or 2 3 14 9 2 30 7% 10% 47% 30% 6% 100
conventional shopping
to shop online.
Online shopping is 4 9 12 2 3 30 13% 30% 40% 7% 10% 100
risky.
Online shopping will 2 7 15 5 1 30 7% 23% 50% 17% 3% 100
eventually supersede
traditional shopping.
A long time is required 3 10 8 8 1 30 10% 33% 27% 27% 3% 100
for the delivery of
products and services.
Selection of goods 3 7 8 10 2 30 10% 23% 27% 33% 7% 100
available on the internet
is very broad.
The descriptions of 2 2 9 13 4 30 7% 7% 30% 43% 13% 100
products shown on the
website are very
accurate.
Online shopping is as 3 3 13 7 4 30 10% 10% 43% 24% 13% 100
secure as traditional
shopping.

While shopping online, 2 3 12 11 2 30 7% 10% 40% 36% 7% 100

I hesitate to give my
card
number.
Internet reduces the 4 13 4 6 3 30 13% 44% 19% 20% 10% 100
monetary cost of
traditional shopping.
Necessity of having a 1 8 14 5 2 30 3% 27% 46% 17% 7% 100
bank account or credit
card creates difficulty.
I prefer cash on 8 6 8 5 3 30 27% 20% 27% 16% 10% 100
delivery than payment
via debit or credit card.

Table 4 shows the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping and effects of

shopping of shopping and paying online, the respondents’ rating for each problem. Where

the scale of 5 means strongly agree while the scale 1 refers to strongly disagree.
 29

7% of the total respondents strongly agree that shopping on Internet saves time

while 13% strongly disagree.

Only 10% of the total respondents strongly agree that it is a great advantage to be

able to shop at any time of the day while no one (0%) strongly disagreed.

Only 7% of the sample respondents strongly agree that they prefer traditional or

conventional shopping to shop online while 6% strongly disagree.

Only 13% of the total sample respondents strongly agree that online shopping is

risky while 10% strongly disagree.

7% of the total populations strongly agree that online shopping will eventually

supersede traditional shopping while 3% strongly disagree.

Only 10% of the total populations strongly agree that a long time is required for

the delivery of products and services while 3% strongly disagree.

10% of the total populations strongly agree that selection of goods available on

the internet is very broad while 7% strongly disagree.

Only 7% of the total populations strongly agree that the descriptions of products

shown on the website are very accurate while 13% strongly disagree.

Only 10% of the total populations strongly agree that online shopping is as secure

as traditional shopping while 13% strongly disagree.

Only 7% of the populations strongly agree that while shopping online, the

respondents hesitate to give their card number while 7% strongly disagree.

Only 13% if the total populations strongly agree that the necessity that internet

reduces the monetary cost of traditional shopping while 10% strongly disagree.
 30

Only 3% of the total populations strongly agree that the necessity of having a

bank account or credit card creates difficulty while 7% strongly disagree.

27% of the total populations strongly agree that they prefer cash on delivery that

payment via credit/cash card while 10% strongly disagree.

The table clearly shows that minority of the respondents strongly agree to the

advantages and disadvantages of shopping online and the effects of shopping and paying

online.

The last sub-problem is the problems usually encountered when shopping and

paying online. The survey questionnaire is a checklist type where the researchers gave

choices that corresponds to the answers of the respondents, also, the researchers included

“others” and “please specify” to put their answers that are not included in the selection.

First question is “How many times did you shop online this school year?”,

majority (60) shop online only once. 27% of the population shop online more than twice

and 3% of the respondents shop online more than thrice.

Second question is “What are the products that you usually buy in shopping

online?”, majority (40%) of the total population bought clothes. 27% chose shoes to buy

and 3% chooses cinema ticket. Some of them included merchandise, bags, art materials,

and electronic accessories.

Third question is “Have you ever felt any problem while conducting online

purchase?”, 63% of total population answered “yes” while 37% answered “no”.

Last question is “If yes, what kind of problem?”, 67% of the population

encountered cheap quality of products, 40% encountered delay in delivery, and 6%

 31

encountered non-delivery. The statements shows the problems encountered when

shopping online.
 32

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECCOMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the highlights of the study, the salient findings, the

conclusions drawn from findings, and the recommendations made based on conclusions.

Summary

It has always been the aspiration of humankind to create devices that would

simplify the work of people. With the invention of computers and other gadgets, many

businesses have taken the leap to implement automated systems as to maximize the

productivity of their business.

The advantages and disadvantages of using online shopping were given majority

findings of this research. The answers or the scales of the respondents from the survey

proved that online shopping mostly have disadvantages and problems to be fixed as for

now. And the answers of the respondents help the researchers to see what people think

about online shopping and its privacy.

Findings

Base on the results, the following findings are thereby presented:

1. There were a total of thirty (30) respondents where ten (10) are males and twenty

(20) are females. There are 33% males and there are 67% females. There are 20%

that are 17 years old, 40% of 18 years old and 7% of 19 years old and above.

There are 30% of the respondents that have the family income of less than P 5,000

per month, 50% that have the family income between P 5,001 to P 20,000, and

3% that have the family income between P 70,000 to P 100,000. There are 30% of
 33

the total respondents that have the daily income less than P 100 per day, 66%

have the daily allowance between P 100 to P 200, and 4% have the daily income

between P 201 to P 300.

2. 7% of the total respondents strongly agree that shopping on Internet saves time

while 13% strongly disagree. Only 10% of the total respondents strongly agree

that it is a great advantage to be able to shop at any time of the day while no one

(0%) strongly disagreed. Only 7% of the sample respondents strongly agree that

they prefer traditional or conventional shopping to shop online while 6% strongly

disagree. Only 13% of the total sample respondents strongly agree that online

shopping is risky while 10% strongly disagree. 7% of the total populations

strongly agree that online shopping will eventually supersede traditional shopping

while 3% strongly disagree. Only 10% of the total populations strongly agree that

a long time is required for the delivery of products and services while 3% strongly

disagree.10% of the total populations strongly agree that selection of goods

available on the internet is very broad while 7% strongly disagree. Only 7% of the

total populations strongly agree that the descriptions of products shown on the

website are very accurate while 13% strongly disagree. Only 10% of the total

populations strongly agree that online shopping is as secure as traditional

shopping while 13% strongly disagree. Only 7% of the populations strongly agree

that while shopping online, the respondents hesitate to give their card number

while 7% strongly disagree. Only 13% if the total populations strongly agree that

the necessity that internet reduces the monetary cost of traditional shopping while

10% strongly disagree. Only 3% of the total populations strongly agree that the
 34

necessity of having a bank account or credit card creates difficulty while 7%

strongly disagree.27% of the total populations strongly agree that they prefer cash

on delivery that payment via credit/cash card while 10% strongly disagree. The

table clearly shows that minority of the respondents strongly agree to the

advantages and disadvantages of shopping online and the effects of shopping and

paying online.

3. First question is “How many times did you shop online this school year?”,

majority (60) shop online only once. 27% of the population shop online more than

twice and 3% of the respondents shop online more than thrice. Second question is

“What are the products that you usually buy in shopping online?”, majority (40%)

of the total population bought clothes. 27% chose shoes to buy and 3% chooses

cinema ticket. Some of them included merchandise, bags, art materials, and

electronic accessories. Third question is “Have you ever felt any problem while

conducting online purchase?”, 63% of total population answered “yes” while 37%

answered “no”. Last question is “If yes, what kind of problem?”, 67% of the

population encountered cheap quality of products, 40% encountered delay in

delivery, and 6% encountered non-delivery.The statements shows the problems

encountered when shopping online.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the researchers come up with the following conclusions.

1. Online shopping is not safe as what others think and online shopping has more

things to improve. Online shopping should have more security, efficiency,

accuracy, speed, and user-friendliness.

 35

2. Traditional or conventional shopping is preferred that online shopping because of

its disadvantages.

Recommendations

1. It is recommended that people who want to try online shopping should check their

web sites properly and know the given instructions for lesser problem to

encounter.

2. Respondents should not trust anybody from a little amount of time that they just

chat, met, or others to prevent scams or identity theft.

3. Respondents should be more wisely in choosing a right medium to use in

shopping online and read articles or any other form of comments from the first

users from that web site, shop or any form of shop through online.
 36

APPENDIX A

Letter of Permission to Conduct the Study

Pangasinan State University

Integrated School -High School Department
Bayambang Campus
Bayambang, Pangasinan
S.Y. 2018-2019

May 10, 2019

DR. TERESITA P. SUNGA

Principal-Integrated School
PSU-Bayambang Campus
Bayambang, Pangasinan

MADAM:
We have the honor to request permission to conduct in this school our study entitled
“Pros and Cons of Using Online Shopping and Transaction among Grade 12
Students” to the Grade 12 students of the five strands of Senior High School here in
PSU-Bayambang Campus.

We will highly appreciate your favorable consideration and approval of the said request.

Very truly yours,

Chloe Nichole R. Abalos Wagne L. Valdez

Jonathan A. Gagar Angelo L. Bibat
Xerex N. Dela Cruz Angelo John V. Mancilla
Johns Cae A.Macaraeg

Noted: Approved:

NELDA J. GARCIA, Ph.D. TERESITA P. SUNGA, Ph.D.

Research Adviser Principal
 37

APPENDIX B

Pangasinan State University

Integrated School -High School Department
Bayambang Campus
Bayambang, Pangasinan

May 10, 2019

Dear Respondent,

We have the honor to request for your time and effort to answer the Survey Questionnaire
needed to accomplish our study entitled “Pros and Cons of Using OnlineShopping and
Transactions among Grade 12 Students” to the students of the five strands of Senior
High School here in PSU-Bayambang Campus.

We hope that this request will be approved. Surely, your answers will be held
confidential.
Thank you for your kind consideration

Very truly yours,

Chloe Nichole R. Abalos Wagne L. Valdez

Jonathan A. Gagar Angelo L. Bibat
Xerex N. Dela Cruz Angelo John V. Mancilla
Johns Cae A.Macaraeg

Noted:

NELDA J. GARCIA, Ph.D. TERESITA P. SUNGA, Ph.D.

Research Adviser Principal
 38

APPENDIX C
Survey Questionnaire for Respondents

PROS AND CONS OF USING ONLINE SHOPPING AND TRANSACTIONS

AMONG GRADE 12 STUDENTS

Survey Questionnaire Form

This questionnaire is part of a research study to explore the Pros and Cons among
SHS Students in Pangasinan State University- Bayambang Campus, Bayambang
Pangasinan. Please answer all the questions to the best of your ability. All information
will be kept completely confidential.

Name (Optional):

Address:

Part I: Personal Profile

Place a check (√) on the blank provided that corresponds to your answer:

1. Age
15 or below 16 17 18 19 or above
2. Sex
Male Female
3. Socioeconomic status (SES)
Family Income
Less than P 5,000 per month
Between P 5,001 to P 20,000 per month
Between P 20,001 to P 35,000 per month
Between P 35,001 to P 70,000 per month
Between P 70,001 to P 100,000 per month
At least P 100,001 per month
 39

4. Daily allowance
Less than P 100 per day
Between P 101 to P 200 per day
Between P 201 to P 300 per day
Between P301 to P 400 per day
Between P 401 to P 500 per day
More than P 501

Part II.
Please select your level of agreement to the following questions.

Strongly Agree Agree Indifferent Disagree Strongly Disagree

5 4 3 2 1

Questions 5 4 3 2 1
Shopping on Internet saves time
It is a great advantage to be able to shop at any time of the
day
I prefer traditional/conventional shopping to shop online.

Online shopping is risky.

Online shopping will eventually supersede traditional

shopping.
A long time is required for the delivery of products and
services.
Selection of goods available on the internet is very broad.
The descriptions of products shown on the website are very
accurate.
Online shopping is as secure as traditional shopping.
While shopping online, I hesitate to give my card number.
Internet reduces the monetary cost of traditional shopping.
Necessity of having a bank account or credit card creates
difficulty.
I prefer cash on delivery than payment via credit/debit card.
 40

Part 3:
Please read each question carefully and indicate your response by selecting the
most appropriate choice.
1. How many times did you shop online this school year?
Only once
Only twice
More than twice
Others please specify:
2. What are the products that you usually buy in shopping online?
Accessories
Shoes
Clothes
Furniture
Electronic Gadgets
Computer products
Toys
Cinema ticket
Airplane/railway ticket
Others please specify:
3. Have you ever felt any problem while conducting online purchase?
Yes No
4. If yes, what kind of problem?
Delay in Delivery
Cheap quality of product
Product damage
Non-delivery
Others please specify:
 41

BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. ARTICLES AND JOURNALS
Aklang, Ather and Ahmaed, Ejaz. 2014. Online Shopping: A Global Perspective Journal
of Basic and Applied Scientific Research 4(5)183 – 160, 2014.
George, Joey F. 2004. “The theory of Planned Behavior and Internet Purchasing”,
Internet Research, Vol. 14 Issue: 3, pp. 198-212,
https://dol.org/10.1108/1066224010342634.
Harrison-Walker, L. Jean. 2002. “If you build it, will they come?” Barriers to
International E-Marketing. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice. Volume 10- Issue
2: Issue: Computer Medicated Marketing.
Jayawardenend, Chanaka; Lentin Wright; Dennis Charles. (2007)”. Consmers Online:
Intentions, Orientations and Segmentation; International 513 – 526.
https://doi.org/10.1108/09890530710750277
Mahnke, Rolf; Benlian, Alexander; 9 Hess, Thomas, 2015. “A grounded Theory of
Online Shopping Flow. International Jurnal of Electronic Commerce.
https://dol.org/10.1080/10864415.2015.1000222.
Momsuwe. Tonira Pareau; Dellaert, Benedict G.C. and Ruyter Ko de, 2004. What drives
consumers to shop online? A Literature Review. International Journal of Service Industry
Management, 15(1), 102-121.https://dol.org/10.1108/09564230410523358
Morganosky, Michelle a. and Aide, Brenda J. (2002). “Consumer demand or online food
retailing: is it really a supply side issue?” Intenational Journal of Retail and Distribution
Management, Vol. 30 Iss pp. 451-458.
Naovarat, Sirot and Juntongjin, Panitharn. 2015. Factors that affect the success of E-
Marketing in Thailand. International Conference on computer science and information
Systems {ICCSIS – 15).
Ram S. and Sheth, JagdishN.1989. “Consumer Resistance ti Innovations: The Marketing
Problem and Its Solutions: Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 6 Issue 2, pp 5 -14.
https://doi.org/10.1108/EUMOOOOOOOOOO2542
B. PUBLISHED MATERIALS
Benthur and Winefield. 2202. Percieved Risk and Consumer Buying Behavior for e-
commerce in Malaysia
Hoffman, Donnal; Novak, Tjomas P. Schloser, Amn. Cosumer Control in Online
Environments. http://ecommerce.vanderbilt.edu/
Leeyayouthayotin, Lackana, 2004. Factors Influencing Online Purchase Intention: The
case of health food consumers in Thailand.
 42

Mansoorian Avash, 2012. Measuring Factors for Increasing Trust of People in e-

Transactions. Master Thesis
Mascarennas, Jawin Binaj. 2018, Consumer Satisfaction in Online Shipping-Retail
Industry: https://esource. Abs.ie/handle/10788/3658
Zulueta, Francisco M. and Jose R. Reyes. 20120. Mehods of Research, Thesis and
Writing and Applied Statistics. Mandaluyong City, National Bookstore

C. Others
https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/10/19/14/what-buying-behavior-filipinos-online
http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1050156

https://pue.ltu.se/ws/files/33033408/LTU-EX-2011-32955905.pdf
 43

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Data

Name: Chloe Nichole R. Abalos

Address: Poblasion West, Alcala, Pangasinan

Date of Birth: September 20, 2002

Place of Birth: Urdaneta City

Civil Status: Single

Father: Alexander U. Abalos

Mother: Jasmin Jane R. Abalos

Educational Background

Elementary Level: Holy Rood Academy

2008-2011
Alcala Central School
2011-2014
Alcala, Pangasinan
Secondary Level: Holy Rood Academy
Alcala, Pangasinan
2014-2016
Living Stone Christian Academy
2016-2018
Rosales, Pangasina
 44

Personal Data
Name: Xerex N. Dela Cruz

Address: Don Vicente Quintans Street Malasiqui Pangasinan

Date of Birth: May 26, 2001

Place of Birth: Malasiqui Pangasinan

Civil Status: Single

Father: Alfredo G. Dela Cruz

Mother: Imelda N. Dela Cruz

Educational Background

Elementary Level: Malasiqui Central School

2009-2014

Malasiqui Pangasinan

Secondary Level: Malasiqui National High School

2014-2018

Malasiqui Pangasinan
 45

Personal Data

Name: Jonathan A. Gagar

Address: Atainan, Alcala, Pangasinan

Date of Birth: June 8, 2002

Place of Birth: Bayambang Pangasinan

Civil Status: Single

Father: Joseph U. Gagar

Mother: Lina A. Gagar

Educational Background

Elementary Level: Atainan Elementary School

2009-2014

Alcala Pangasinan

Secondary Level: St. Vincent's Catholic School of Bayambang

Inc.

2014-2018

Bayambang Pangasinan
 46

Personal Data

Name: Wagne L. Valdez

Address: Malimpec, Bayambang, Pangasinan

Date of Birth: August 25, 2001

Place of Birth: Manila Caloocan City

Civil Status: Single

Father: Marlou V. Valdez

Mother: Sharon L. Valdez

Educational Background

Elementary Level: Mary Help of Christians Catholic School

2006-2014

Basista Pangasinan

Secondary Level: Pangasinan State University Integrate

School Junior High School

2014-2018

Bayambang Pangasinan
 47

Personal Data

Name: Angelo Laurel Bibat

Address: Ambayat 1st Bayambang, Pangasinan

Date of Birth: August 17, 2002

Place of Birth: Ambayat 1st Bayambang, Pangasinan

Civil Status: Single

Father: Felipe E. Bibat

Mother: Welinda L. Bibat

Educational Background

Elementary Level: Ambayat 2nd Integrated School

2009 - 2014

Bayambang, Pangasinan

Secondary Level: Saint Vincent’s Catholic School of

Bayambang Inc.

2014 – 2018

Bayambang, Pangasinan
 48

Personal Data

Name: Johns Cae A. Macaraeg

Address: Poblacion, Basista, pangasinan

Date of Birth: November 16, 2001

Place of Birth: San Carlos City

Civil Status: Single

Father: Richard A. Macaraeg

Mother: Marissa A. Macaraeg

Educational Background

Elementary Level: BFF Learning Academy

2009-2014

Basista pangasinan

Secondary Level: Saint Charles Academy

2014-2018

San Carlos City

 49

Personal Data

Name: Angelo John V. Mancilla

Address: San Vicente Alcala Pangasinan

Date of Birth: September 27, 2001

Place of Birth: San Vicente, Alcala, Pangasinan

Civil Status: Single

Father: Aladino D. Mancilla

Mother: Jocelyn V. Mancilla

Educational Background

Elementary Level: San Vicente Elementary School

2009 - 2014

Alcala, Pangasinan

Secondary Level: Cipriano P. Primicias National High school

2014 –-2018

Alcala, Pangasinan