Muscles Origins and

Insertions
Muscles from pg. 44-45 in text
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements
Sternocleidomastoid Agonist Flexes and Sternum Mastoid
Broad superficial muscle rotates the Clavicle process
running up each side of the head
neck

Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion

movements

Splenius Agonist Flexes and rotates Cervical & Temporal

Runs posterior the head thoracic &occipital lobes
joins skull and vertebrae
spine
Neck Muscles
Thoracic Cage Muscles
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements

Longissimus Agonist Laterally Flexes Cervical, Mastoid

Lateral to spinalis and extends the Thoracic, process &
spine cervical
Lumbar
vertebrae
vertebrae

Spinalis Agonist Laterally Flexes Cervical, Mastoid

Most medial and extends the Thoracic, process &
attaches to spine cervical
Lumbar
vertebrae vertebrae vertebrae

Illiocostalis Agonist Laterally Flexes Saccrum, Cervical

Most lateral and extends the Lumbar vertebrae
spine vertebrae, &
Ribs
Ribs
Back Muscles
Thoracic Cage Muscles
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements

Diaphragm Agonist Decreases Sternum, Central tendon

Anatomical pressure in the Ribs,
Divider thoracic cavity
Lumbar
vertebrae

Intercostals Agonist Elevates, Inferior Superior aspect

Muscles in Depresses ribs aspect of all of all ribs
between ribs ribs

Transverse Agonist Pulls abdominal Sternum, Cartilidge of

Thoracis wall invward Xiphoid ribs 2-6
Triangle muscles process
under ab wall
Thoracic Cage
Abdominal Muscles
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements

Rectus Agonist Flex trunk, Symphysis Xiphoid

Abdominus Aids in some pubis & Process
Wash board look expiration pubic crest Inferior ribs
Child birth

External Obliques Agonist Flex and rotate the Lower eight Iliac Crest,
vertebral column ribs Pubis

Quadratus Agonist Extend and Iliac Crest 12th Rib and

Lumborum laterally bends the and Lumbar upper lumbar
Deep muscle vertebral column vertebra vertebrae
Abdominals
Moving Upper Limb
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements

Pectoralis Prime Internal rotation, Clavicle, Intertubercular

Major Mover adduction and Sternum, groove
flexion of the arm
Thick Muscles Costal
covering the cartilage of
chest first 6 ribs.

Latissimus Dorsi Prime Adductor, Lower Humerus

“Lats” Mover Extensor and Thoracic and
internal rotator of Lumber verts.
V shape
the arm Iliac Crest
and sacrum
 Rotator Cuff
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements

Supraspinatus Agonist Stabilize shoulder Above scapular Greater

joint. Abducts spine Tubercle of
shoulder (supraspinous Humerus
fossa)

Infraspinatus Agonist Stabilize shoulder Below scapular Greater

joint. Lateral spine Tubercle of
rotation (infraspinous Humerus
fossa)

Teres Minor Agonist Stabilize shoulder Lateral border of Greater

joint. Lateral scapula Tubercle of
rotation. Humerus

Subscapularis Stabilizer Rotates medially Iliac Crest and Lesser Tubercle

and stabilizes Lumbar vertebra of Humerus
shoulder
 Scapular Muscles
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements

Trapezius Agonist Scapular elevation, Occipital bone, Spine of Scapula,

adduction, retraction, Cervical & thoracic acromion process
upward rotation & vertebrae &clavicle
extends neck

Rhomboids Agonist Assist Traps in Maj. T2-T5 Medial border of

downward rotation of Min. C1-T1 the scapula
Major & Minor scapular &adduction of
scapula

Levator Scapulae Agonist Elevates scapula Base of skull & Upper medial
upper cervical border of scapula
vertebrae

Serratus anterior Stabilizer Upward rotation & Ribs 1-8 Medial border of
abduction of the the scapula
scapula
Scapular Muscles cont.
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements

Pectoralis Agonist Elevates ribs & Ribs 3,4,5 Coracoid

Minor Depresses Scapula process
Muscles that move Humerus
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements

Deltoids Agonist Laterally abducts From the Humerus

Three heads arms, clavicle to (Deltoid
Medial and lateral the acromion tuberosity)
Anterior, lateral,
rotation to scapular
posterior
spine

Coracobrachialis Agonist Flexor and arm Coracoid Humerus

adductor Process

Teres Agonist Medial rotator and Lateral Humerus

Major adductor Border of the
scapula
 Elbow Flexors & Extensors
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements

Bicep Agonist Supinator and flexor of 2 places Radius

the arm Short head on Radial
Brachii
corracoid TUberosity
Long Head superior
glenoid fossa

Brachialis Agonist Pronator and arem Anterior surface of Coronoid process

flexor humerus

Tricep Brachii Agonist Arm Extensor 1)Lateral head – Olecranon

posterior humerus
2)Long Head –
infragleniod fossa
3)Medial head
posterior humerus

Brachioradialis Agonist Elbow flexor, very Lateral epicondyle of Olecranon

powerful when arm is humerus
pronated
Supination and Pronation of the Forearm
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements

Pronator Agonist Pronates Anterior surface of Distal surface of

Quadratus forearm distal ulna radius

Pronator teres Agonist Pronates Medial epicondyle Lateral mid

forearm of the humerus shaft of radius
and the coronoid
porcess

Supinator Agonist Supinates Lateral epicondyle Lateral aspect

forearm of humerus of radius
 Extrinsic Hand Muscles
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements

Flexor – Pronator Agonist Pronator and flexor of Medial epicondyle of Meta carpals
the wrist and digits the humerus Phalanges
Group

Extensor – Agonist Supinator and flexor of Lateral epicondyle Meta Carpals

wrist ad digits of humerus Phalanges
Supinator
Group
Pelvic Muscles
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements

Gluteus Agonist Hip Illiac crest Greater

Maximus extension saccrum and trochanter
and external coccyx
rotation

Gluteus Agonist Abduction Anterior surface Posterior

Medius and internal of the illiac crest surface of
rotation greater
trochanter

Sartorius Agonist Hip Flexion Medial surface of Medial surface

Outward the tibia of the tibia
rotation
Gluteus Max, Med, Min
Hip Adductors
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements

Illiopsoas Agonist Hip and trunk Ilium and lumbar Lesser

felxion vertebrae Trochanter of
the Femur

Adductor Agonist Hip Adduction Pubis Femur

longus

Adductor Agonist Hip adduction Pubis and ischium Femur

magnus and extension
Hip Muscles
 Quadriceps
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements

Rectus Femoris Agonist Knee Extension and Iliac crest Patellar

Hip Flexion Tendon

Vastus Lateralis Agonist Knee Extension Femur Patellar

Tendon

Vastus Agonist Knee Extension Femur Patellar

intermedius Tendon

Vastus Medialis Agonist Knee Extension Femur Patellar

Tendon
Quadriceps
 Hamstrings
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements
Bicep Femoris Agonist Flexes knee, Rotates Ischium Head of Fibula
knee externally,
extends hip

Semimembranosus Agonist Flexes knee, Rotates Ischium Medial tibial

knee internally, extends condyle
hip

Semitendinosus Agonist Flexes knee, Rotates Ischium Medial tibial

knee internally condyle
Hamstrings
 Lower Leg
Muscle Name Function Describe Origin Insertion
movements

Tibialis Anterior Agonist Dorsi Flexes ankle and Anterior shaft of tibia Metatarsals
inverts foot

Gastrocnemius Agonist Plantar Flexes ankle Medial and Lateral Calcaneous

and felxes knee Condyles

Soleus Agonist Plantar Flexes ankle Fibula Calcaneous

Lower Leg Muscles