CENTRE FOR PRE-UNIVERSITY STUDIES

FOUNDATION IN ARTS
FPLA1024 BASICS OF BUSINESS LAW
CLASS : FRC 1102
GROUP: 2
NAME ID NUMBER
Sharvin A/L Ellangovan 22WPF09339
Goh Zhi Kin 22WPF08532
Yap Sheng Yee 22WPF09691
Choong Zi Loong 22WPF09485

QUESTION: 5
PREPARED FOR: MS. CHONG HUI LAM
SUBMISSION DATE: 17/8/2022
Appendix 2
CENTRE FOR PRE-UNIVERSITY STUDIES
Programme: Basic Of Business Law (FPLA1024)

Course: FRC 1102

Assessment Criteria

Group: …2…………… Assignment Task 1: Group Assignment (25%)

Name of student : (1) ……… Sharvin A/L Ellangovan 22WPF09339…. (Leader) (4) …………….…Yap Sheng Yee 22WPF09691.……………
and ID No:
: (2) ……………...Goh Zhi Kin 22WPF08532……....... (5) …………….………………………….………………………

: (3) ……………Choong Zi Loong 22WPF09485…….. (6) …………….………………………….………………………

No Criteria Rank Score

(Weight) 5 4 3 2 1 (Rank x
Excellent Good Average Weak Poor Weight)

1 Main Idea/ The purpose is Good awareness of Shows average Shows limited Extremely limited
Purpose (5) shown excellently. the purpose. The awareness of awareness of awareness of
Clearly present the main idea is purpose. Vague purpose. Very weak purpose. Poorly
main idea and supported well sense of main idea main idea and it is written with No
supports it very throughout most of and it is quite badly supported main idea
well throughout the the assignment. averagely written throughout the provided
assignment. throughout the assignment. throughout the
assignment. assignment.

2 Organization (5) Very good Good organization Average quality of There is a weak Very poor sense of
organization and and the points are organization with sense of organization,
with excellently well adequately some of the organization with almost no
coherent points. developed. Most organizational weak use of organizational
All paragraphs paragraphs have tools may be organizational tools. tools. Extremely
have clear ideas, clear ideas, are missing. Some Some paragraphs lacking of clear
are supported with supported with some paragraphs have have clear ideas but ideas, examples
examples and have ideas, are have
 smooth transitions examples and have supported with very minimum with incoherent
in between. smooth transitions. examples and have examples and transitions.
transitions. transitions are
generally weak.

3 Content (5) Exceptionally Good content and The content is The content is The content is
content and argument. Ideas are sound and solid. somewhat totally irrelevant.
argument. Ideas are fairly detail, with The ideas are irrelevant. The ideas The ideas do not
explained in detail, good development, present and are partially present have any support
well developed, supported by some supported with not with very limited of case examples
supported with relevant case enough case case examples and and principles.
relevant case examples and examples and principles.
examples and principles. principles.
principles.

4 Language Excellent Shows very Has a few errors in Shows a pattern of Shows continuous
and sentence grammar, spelling, minimum errors in grammar, spelling, errors in grammar, errors in grammar,
structure (5) syntax and grammar, spelling, syntax and spelling, syntax and spelling, syntax
punctuation. syntax and punctuation. punctuation. and punctuation.
punctuation. Indicates the lack of
proof reading.

TOTAL SCORE
(Max 100)
Appendix 3
CENTRE FOR PRE-UNIVERSITY STUDIES
Programme: Basic Of Business Law (FPLA1024)

Course: FRC 1102

Assessment Criteria

Group: ……2………… Assignment Task 2: Group Presentation

(25%) Name of student and ID No: (1) …………… Sharvin A/L Ellangovan 22WPF09339………

No Criteria Rank Score

(Weight) 5 4 3 2 1 (Rank x
Excellent Good Average Weak Poor Weight)

1 Organisation and idea Demonstrate an Demonstrate a good Demonstrate Weak in Very poor level of
expansion (10) exceptional understanding of the average level of comprehending the
understanding of
understanding of topic. The ideas are understanding of topic. The ideasthe topic. The
the topic. The ideas accurate and the topic. The ideas provided indicate
ideas provided
are comprehensive, complete. Power - are quite complete substantial indicate major
accurate and point slides are with some lack in deficiencies in deficiencies in
complete. Power - creative and accuracy and accuracy and accuracy and
point slides are generally well summary. Power - summary. Power -summary. Power -
creative and very organized. point slides are point slides arepoint slides are
well organized. generally well poorly organizedvery poorly
organized with and indicate lack of
organized with no
some minor errors. information. main idea
provided.
2 Teamwork and The team displayed The team displayed The team displayed The team displayed The team
communication skills excellent teamwork fairly good average teamwork poor teamwork and displayed
(5) and cooperation. teamwork and and cooperation. cooperation. extremely poor
Everyone shared cooperation. Everyone shared Everyone shared teamwork and
their ideas and Everyone shared their ideas, some their ideas, some cooperation. Only
listened to each their ideas. There more and some more and some less. one or two
 other. There was were some less. There was There was no members did most
constant communication and minimum communication or of the presentation.
communication and support for each communication and support for each The members did
support for each other during the support for each other during the not pay attention to
other during presentation. The other during the presentation. The each other’s
presentation. The presenter makes verypresentation. presenter frequently presentation. The
presenter makes no minimum Occasionally, the makes grammatical presenter displays
grammatical errors, grammatical errors, presenter makes errors, and most of major deficiencies
and pronounces all and pronounces all some grammatical the time pronounces in grammar and in
terms correctly terms fairly correctly
errors, and the terms pronunciations.
and precisely. and quite precisely.pronounces some incorrectly.
terms incorrectly.
3 Interaction with Displayed excellent Displayed fairly Displayed some Displayed very little Displayed no
audience (Question interaction with good interaction with attempt to interact attempt to interact attempt to interact
and Answer Session) audience with audience with fairly with the audience with the audience with the audience
(5) excellent eye good eye contact, with lack of eye with very little eye with no eye
contact, body body language, body language, contact, body contact, body
language, gestures, gestures, and facial gestures, and facial language, gestures, language, gestures,
and facial expressions most of expressions and facial and facial
expression all the the time. The occasionally. The expressions. The expressions. The
time. The presenter presenter presenter presenter presenter
demonstrated very demonstrated fairly demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated no
extensive extensive knowledge average knowledge minimal knowledge knowledge of the
knowledge of the of the topic and of the topic and of the topic and topic and did not
topic and answered answered the answered the attempted to answer attempt to answer
the question question confidently, question. the question. the question.
confidently,

TOTAL SCORE
(Max 100)
Appendix 4

TOTAL MARKS: = Written Assignment + Presentation =

TUTOR’S COMMENT:

NAME OF TUTOR : Chong Hui Lam SIGNATURE :

DATE:
Appendix 3
CENTRE FOR PRE-UNIVERSITY STUDIES
Programme: Basic Of Business Law (FPLA1024)

Course: FRC 1102

Assessment Criteria

Group: ……2………… Assignment Task 2: Group Presentation

(25%) Name of student and ID No: (2) ……………… Goh Zhi Kin 22WPF08532………………

No Criteria Rank Score

(Weight) 5 4 3 2 1 (Rank x
Excellent Good Average Weak Poor Weight)

1 Organisation and idea Demonstrate an Demonstrate a good Demonstrate Weak in Very poor level of
expansion (10) exceptional understanding of the average level of comprehending the
understanding of
understanding of topic. The ideas are understanding of topic. The ideasthe topic. The
the topic. The ideas accurate and the topic. The ideas provided indicate
ideas provided
are comprehensive, complete. Power - are quite complete substantial indicate major
accurate and point slides are with some lack in deficiencies in deficiencies in
complete. Power - creative and accuracy and accuracy and accuracy and
point slides are generally well summary. Power - summary. Power -summary. Power -
creative and very organized. point slides are point slides arepoint slides are
well organized. generally well poorly organizedvery poorly
organized with and indicate lack of
organized with no
some minor errors. information. main idea
provided.
2 Teamwork and The team displayed The team displayed The team displayed The team displayed The team
communication skills excellent teamwork fairly good average teamwork poor teamwork and displayed
(5) and cooperation. teamwork and and cooperation. cooperation. extremely poor
Everyone shared cooperation. Everyone shared Everyone shared teamwork and
their ideas and Everyone shared their ideas, some their ideas, some cooperation. Only
listened to each more and some more and some less. one or two
their ideas. There
 other. There was were some less. There was There was no members did most
constant communication and minimum communication or of the presentation.
communication and support for each communication and support for each The members did
support for each other during the support for each other during the not pay attention to
other during presentation. The other during the presentation. The each other’s
presentation. The presenter makes verypresentation. presenter frequently presentation. The
presenter makes no minimum Occasionally, the makes grammatical presenter displays
grammatical errors, grammatical errors, presenter makes errors, and most of major deficiencies
and pronounces all and pronounces all some grammatical the time pronounces in grammar and in
terms correctly terms fairly correctly
errors, and the terms pronunciations.
and precisely. and quite precisely.pronounces some incorrectly.
terms incorrectly.
3 Interaction with Displayed excellent Displayed fairly Displayed some Displayed very little Displayed no
audience (Question interaction with good interaction with attempt to interact attempt to interact attempt to interact
and Answer Session) audience with audience with fairly with the audience with the audience with the audience
(5) excellent eye good eye contact, with lack of eye with very little eye with no eye
contact, body body language, body language, contact, body contact, body
language, gestures, gestures, and facial gestures, and facial language, gestures, language, gestures,
and facial expressions most of expressions and facial and facial
expression all the the time. The occasionally. The expressions. The expressions. The
time. The presenter presenter presenter presenter presenter
demonstrated very demonstrated fairly demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated no
extensive extensive knowledge average knowledge minimal knowledge knowledge of the
knowledge of the of the topic and of the topic and of the topic and topic and did not
topic and answered answered the answered the attempted to answer attempt to answer
the question question confidently, question. the question. the question.
confidently,

TOTAL SCORE
(Max 100)
Appendix 4

TOTAL MARKS: = Written Assignment + Presentation =

TUTOR’S COMMENT:

NAME OF TUTOR : Chong Hui Lam SIGNATURE :

DATE:
Appendix 3
CENTRE FOR PRE-UNIVERSITY STUDIES
Programme: Basic Of Business Law (FPLA1024)

Course: FRC 1102

Assessment Criteria

Group: ……2………… Assignment Task 2: Group Presentation

(25%) Name of student and ID No: (3) …………… Choong Zi Loong 22WPF09485……………..

No Criteria Rank Score

(Weight) 5 4 3 2 1 (Rank x
Excellent Good Average Weak Poor Weight)

1 Organisation and idea Demonstrate an Demonstrate a good Demonstrate Weak in Very poor level of
expansion (10) exceptional understanding of the average level of comprehending the
understanding of
understanding of topic. The ideas are understanding of topic. The ideasthe topic. The
the topic. The ideas accurate and the topic. The ideas provided indicate
ideas provided
are comprehensive, complete. Power - are quite complete substantial indicate major
accurate and point slides are with some lack in deficiencies in deficiencies in
complete. Power - creative and accuracy and accuracy and accuracy and
point slides are generally well summary. Power - summary. Power -summary. Power -
creative and very organized. point slides are point slides arepoint slides are
well organized. generally well poorly organizedvery poorly
organized with and indicate lack of
organized with no
some minor errors. information. main idea
provided.
2 Teamwork and The team displayed The team displayed The team displayed The team displayed The team
communication skills excellent teamwork fairly good average teamwork poor teamwork and displayed
(5) and cooperation. teamwork and and cooperation. cooperation. extremely poor
Everyone shared cooperation. Everyone shared Everyone shared teamwork and
their ideas and Everyone shared their ideas, some their ideas, some cooperation. Only
listened to each more and some more and some less. one or two
 their ideas. There

other. There was were some less. There was There was no members did most
constant communication and minimum communication or of the presentation.
communication and support for each communication and support for each The members did
support for each other during the support for each other during the not pay attention to
other during presentation. The other during the presentation. The each other’s
presentation. The presenter makes verypresentation. presenter frequently presentation. The
presenter makes no minimum Occasionally, the makes grammatical presenter displays
grammatical errors, grammatical errors, presenter makes errors, and most of major deficiencies
and pronounces all and pronounces all some grammatical the time pronounces in grammar and in
terms correctly terms fairly correctly
errors, and the terms pronunciations.
and precisely. and quite precisely.pronounces some incorrectly.
terms incorrectly.
3 Interaction with Displayed excellent Displayed fairly Displayed some Displayed very little Displayed no
audience (Question interaction with good interaction with attempt to interact attempt to interact attempt to interact
and Answer Session) audience with audience with fairly with the audience with the audience with the audience
(5) excellent eye good eye contact, with lack of eye with very little eye with no eye
contact, body body language, body language, contact, body contact, body
language, gestures, gestures, and facial gestures, and facial language, gestures, language, gestures,
and facial expressions most of expressions and facial and facial
expression all the the time. The occasionally. The expressions. The expressions. The
time. The presenter presenter presenter presenter presenter
demonstrated very demonstrated fairly demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated no
extensive extensive knowledge average knowledge minimal knowledge knowledge of the
knowledge of the of the topic and of the topic and of the topic and topic and did not
topic and answered answered the answered the attempted to answer attempt to answer
the question question confidently, question. the question. the question.
confidently,

TOTAL SCORE
(Max 100)
Appendix 4

TOTAL MARKS: = Written Assignment + Presentation =

TUTOR’S COMMENT:

NAME OF TUTOR : Chong Hui Lam SIGNATURE :

DATE:
Appendix 3
CENTRE FOR PRE-UNIVERSITY STUDIES
Programme: Basic Of Business Law (FPLA1024)

Course: FRC 1102

Assessment Criteria

Group: ……2………… Assignment Task 2: Group Presentation

(25%) Name of student and ID No: (4) …………… Yap Sheng Yee 22WPF09691………………..

No Criteria Rank Score

(Weight) 5 4 3 2 1 (Rank x
Excellent Good Average Weak Poor Weight)

1 Organisation and idea Demonstrate an Demonstrate a good Demonstrate Weak in Very poor level of
expansion (10) exceptional understanding of the average level of comprehending the
understanding of
understanding of topic. The ideas are understanding of topic. The ideasthe topic. The
the topic. The ideas accurate and the topic. The ideas provided indicate
ideas provided
are comprehensive, complete. Power - are quite complete substantial indicate major
accurate and point slides are with some lack in deficiencies in deficiencies in
complete. Power - creative and accuracy and accuracy and accuracy and
point slides are generally well summary. Power - summary. Power -summary. Power -
creative and very organized. point slides are point slides arepoint slides are
well organized. generally well poorly organizedvery poorly
organized with and indicate lack of
organized with no
some minor errors. information. main idea
provided.
2 Teamwork and The team displayed The team displayed The team displayed The team displayed The team
communication skills excellent teamwork fairly good average teamwork poor teamwork and displayed
(5) and cooperation. teamwork and and cooperation. cooperation. extremely poor
Everyone shared cooperation. Everyone shared Everyone shared teamwork and
their ideas and Everyone shared their ideas, some their ideas, some cooperation. Only
listened to each more and some more and some less. one or two
their ideas. There
 other. There was were some less. There was There was no members did most
constant communication and minimum communication or of the presentation.
communication and support for each communication and support for each The members did
support for each other during the support for each other during the not pay attention to
other during presentation. The other during the presentation. The each other’s
presentation. The presenter makes verypresentation. presenter frequently presentation. The
presenter makes no minimum Occasionally, the makes grammatical presenter displays
grammatical errors, grammatical errors, presenter makes errors, and most of major deficiencies
and pronounces all and pronounces all some grammatical the time pronounces in grammar and in
terms correctly terms fairly correctly
errors, and the terms pronunciations.
and precisely. and quite precisely.pronounces some incorrectly.
terms incorrectly.
3 Interaction with Displayed excellent Displayed fairly Displayed some Displayed very little Displayed no
audience (Question interaction with good interaction with attempt to interact attempt to interact attempt to interact
and Answer Session) audience with audience with fairly with the audience with the audience with the audience
(5) excellent eye good eye contact, with lack of eye with very little eye with no eye
contact, body body language, body language, contact, body contact, body
language, gestures, gestures, and facial gestures, and facial language, gestures, language, gestures,
and facial expressions most of expressions and facial and facial
expression all the the time. The occasionally. The expressions. The expressions. The
time. The presenter presenter presenter presenter presenter
demonstrated very demonstrated fairly demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated no
extensive extensive knowledge average knowledge minimal knowledge knowledge of the
knowledge of the of the topic and of the topic and of the topic and topic and did not
topic and answered answered the answered the attempted to answer attempt to answer
the question question confidently, question. the question. the question.
confidently,

TOTAL SCORE
(Max 100)
Appendix 4

TOTAL MARKS: = Written Assignment + Presentation =

TUTOR’S COMMENT:

NAME OF TUTOR : Chong Hui Lam SIGNATURE :

DATE:
 A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties in which each participant
recognizes a legal obligation that must be met. Contracts are utilized in many aspects of daily life,
including buying real estate, applying for a car loan, filling out job paperwork, and agreeing to terms and
conditions for purchasing goods and services, or using computer software. Contract law issues can arise
when one party fails to carry out the legal responsibility to which it has agreed. When one party breaches a
contract by failing to fulfill it, the other party can typically sue for monetary damages or, in rare cases, seek
a court order requiring the breaching party to perform as promised. If contracts are not written correctly,
they may also serve as the foundation for legal disputes. Parties that incorrectly understand the terms of
their contract may file lawsuits against one another and have the matter settled in court. Furthermore, if a
company enters into a contract and subsequently goes out of business or is unable to meet its commitments,
the other party may be forced to seek redress in civil or bankruptcy court.

The problem of the case is Sam received a writer offer from Chung for the purchase of Sam’s
gramophone from Sam. However, Sam did not reply to the letter within two weeks. Then, the letter
expressly stated that if Sam did not reply within two weeks, Chung would presume that Sum had accepted
the offer. Chung now claims that there is a binding contract between him and Sam. The issue, in this case,
is whether there is any binding contract between Sam and Chung.

According to Section 2(a) of Contracts Act 1950, an offer is an expression of willingness to contract
on specified terms, made with the intention that it is to be binding once accepted by the person to whom it
is addressed. There must be an objective manifestation of intent by the offeror to be bound by the offer if
accepted by the other party. Therefore, the offeror will be bound if his words or conduct are such as to
induce a reasonable third-party observer to believe that he intends to be bound, even if in fact he has no
such intention. Furthermore, offers can be addressed to a single person, to a specified group of persons, or
to the world at large. An example of the latter would be a reward poster for the return of a lost pet. An offer
may be made expressly, such as by words or by conduct. An offer must be distinguished from an invitation
to treat, by which a person does not make an offer but invites another party to do so. Whether a statement is
an offer or an invitation to treat depends primarily on the intention with which it is made. An invitation to
treat is not made with the intention that it is to be binding as soon as the person to whom it is addressed
communicates his assent to its terms. Common examples of invitations to treat include advertisements or
displays of goods on a shelf in a self-service store.

A bilateral contract is an agreement that stipulates that both sides can agree to keep their end of the
deal. Bilateral contracts frequently require an equal commitment or payment from the offeror as well as the
offeree, though this may not always be the case. In more complex situations, such as international trade
negotiations, the bilateral contract may qualify as a so-called "side deal." In other words, two different
parties may conclude that a particular contract suited to their shared interests is required even though they
are both parties to the entire negotiations. Therefore, in this case, there is no binding agreement between
Sam and Chang about purchasing Sam’s antique gramophone.

The offer is a proposal made by one person to another. The offer creates a legal relationship between
these two people once the offeree accepts. The contract law will come by the two parties; these are the
offeror and the offeree. The definition of the offeror is the party who makes the offer. And the offeree is the
person who either accepts or does not accept the offer. So, for there to be an agreement, there must be three
things: an offeror, an offeree, and of course, an offer.

An offeror is someone who makes or participates in making an offer. It does not include any
supervised financial institution or broker-dealer that loans funds to an offeror in the usual course of
business, as well as any attorney, accountant, consultant, employee, or another person who gives
information or advice to an offeror or performs ministerial responsibilities for an offeror but does not
otherwise engage in the offer. The offeree is the individual who accepts or declines the offer. when the
offeree conveys his or her consent (acceptance) of the offer. In other words, it occurs when the offeree tells
the offeror, "Okay, my buddy, your offer appeals to me. Let's get started "or “Sorry, my buddy, I want to
reject your offer.” , then only the person is known as the offeree. In the case between Sam and Chung,
Chung wants to buy Sam’s gramophone and make a written offer to send to Sam. So Chung is the offeror
and Sam is the offeree.
The first limb of section2(c) of the Contracts Act describes the person making the proposal as a ‘Promise’.
Under the Contracts Act and English Law, a proposal or offer is something that is capable of being
converted into an agreement by the acceptance of the offer. A proposal must be a definite promise to be
bound provided certain specified terms are accepted. The promisor must have declared his readiness to
undertake an obligation upon certain terms, leaving the option of its acceptance or refusal of the offer.

An offer that has been canceled or terminated is referred to as being revoked. A proposal may be
withdrawn by the offeror at any moment until the offeree sends the message of acceptance, but not after
that. However, the offeree may change his mind at any point before the offeror receives the message
communicating it, but not after. After the period of time set out by the offeror. The offer may also be
refused after a fair period of time has been indicated in cases where no time has been specified. Section
4(1) contracts Act states that the communication of a proposal is complete when it comes to the knowledge
of the person to whom it is made the communication of an acceptance is complete. For example, the case R
v Clarke [1927]. In this case, the question was whether using the defense of insanity was permissible when
the defendant was depressed and briefly lost their memory. Following the law on the communication of the
offer, Chung sent a written offer to Sam but Sam did not reply. So Sam still can reject the offer.

Section 2(b) of the Contracts Act of 1950 governs acceptance. This legislation states that an
acceptance is a final and unconditional indication of approval of the terms of an offer. Again, the recipient
of the offer must objectively demonstrate a desire to be bound by its terms. An offer must be accepted in
line with its exact conditions to constitute an agreement. It must be like the offer, as well as all terms must
be accepted. For example, in the case, LAU BROTHERS & CO. v CHINA PACIFIC NAVIGATION CO.
LTD (1965), In this case, the delivery of logs were discussed through a series of telegrams and letters. The
defendant withdrew while the case was still being negotiated. The question is whether the parties made a
contract. The court ruled that the parties were still negotiating and that no agreement had been reached. As
a result, the defendant's decision to withdraw was warranted.

Section 4(2) of the Contracts Act of 1950 is the law of the acceptance of communication. The offeree
must be disclosed to the offeror under such a law. It goes into effect when the offeror learns of the
acceptance. Silence can never be accepted until it demonstrates that acceptance was meant. "Felthouse v
Bindley (1860)" is a landmark case in Contract law that holds that one cannot impose an obligation on
another to reject one's offer, and that "silence cannot amount to acceptance." The circumstances of this case
were later examined since the evidence demonstrated that the acceptance was communicated. In this case,
Sam and Chung didn’t have a contract between them because they are not in communication.

Consequently, combining the above arguments, the cases provide that the relationship between
Chung and Sam in the contract law is not valid. In the end, there is no contract bound Chung and Sam due
to the fact that they did not have communication. They are still in the negotiation stage so Sam still can
reject the offer.
Reference

 https://www.findlaw.com/hirealawyer/choosing-the-right-lawyer/contracts-law.html
 https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/offeror
 https://www.lawinsider.com/search?q=offeree
 https://www.vedantu.com/commerce/communication-of-offer-and-acceptance-and-revocation-of-offer
 https://www.rocketlawyer.com/business-and-contracts/business-operations/legal-guide/whats-the-
difference-between-bilateral-and-unilateral-contracts
 https://www.adobe.com/sign/hub/document-types/what-is-bilateral-contract