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 Concrete Structures I

Master in Civil Engineering

2019 / 2020

Concrete Structures I
Class 13/26: Shear between web and flanges, and suspension
reinforcement

Eduardo S. Júlio

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 Concrete Structures I

Shear between web and flanges

In T-sections, the shear stresses are developed in the web and then distributed to the
flanges. In the picture of the next slide, the stress fields in the web and in the flanges
are represented, as well as the corresponding resultant forces.

Analysing it, starting from the support reaction, one sees that the fan stress field in
the web is dispersed into both sides of the flange, also generating transversal tension
stresses to ensure equilibrium.

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 Concrete Structures I

Shear between web and flanges

If two angles, θ1 and θ2, are defined for, respectively, the web and the flange trusses,
it is possible to determine the forces at stake from a parallel stress field in the web,
as shown below.

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 Concrete Structures I

Shear between web and flanges

where,
represents the forces distributed in the compressed struts of the web
represents the forces distributed in the compressed struts of the flange

represent the resultants of these distributed forces

2 x F’C x cos θ2 = FC x cos θ1
FT can then be estimated as illustrated next: F’C = [ (FC / 2) x cos θ1 ] / cos θ2

à
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 Concrete Structures I

Shear between web and flanges

iF
on.IE

Since
1
Considering θ1=θ2, the transversal reinforcement (that connects the flange to
the web) must be at least half of the corresponding shear reinforcement:

e e sempre conservativo

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 Concrete Structures I

Shear between web and flanges

Regarding the angle (θ2) of the stress fields in the flanges, the Eurocode 2 suggests
that:

1 ≤ cotan θ2 ≤ 2, for compressed flanges, and

1 ≤ cotan θ2 ≤ 1.25, for tensioned flanges.

cotam 1 45

When the beam’s flange is a slab, the longitudinal reinforcement of the latter is
usually enough to absorb the tension forces between the flange and the web.

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 Concrete Structures I

Suspension reinforcement amando as cargas

só aplicadas na parte infan aigo
In some situations, the load is not applied to the upper but to the lower flange of the
beam (e.g. an inverted beam supporting a slab, or a beam supporting another beam,
called an ‘indirect support’).

For the first situation, the load must be transferred to the upper flange by means of
an adequate (suspension) reinforcement that has to be provided all over the beam:

EJ ! Asw $ pSd
N # & =
q " s %suspension f yd

C
m
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 Concrete Structures I

Suspension reinforcement
If the load is not applied to the upper but to the lower flange of the beam (e.g. an
inverted beam supporting a slab), the load must be transferred to the upper flange
by means of an adequate (suspension) reinforcement that has to be provided all
over the beam:

! Asw $ p
# & = Sd
" s %suspension f yd

Í
Naturally, the suspension reinforcement has to be added to the shear
reinforcement.
Note that for eccentric loads, a single branch suspension reinforcement shall
be considered. par.aecargas excêntricas so de um lado um
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ramo chega exemplo da direita embora o 8/21
 tu se
µ Concrete Structures I

Suspension reinforcement
In some situations, the load is not applied to the upper but to the lower flange of the
beam (e.g. an inverted beam supporting a slab,
or a beam supporting another beam, called an ‘indirect support’) :

In the next figure, the structural model of a simple example is shown

– “beam I” is indirectly supported by “beam II”.

Problema
de

III 0 Beam I
O
ar

ü
o
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p
For an indirect support,
t casa
i.e., a beam supported

p.ir
by another beam
(instead of by a column
or a supporting device),
the following stress
fields are observed:
a)  t h e l o a d i s
transferred through
the concrete struts
of the secondary
beam (I) to the main ü F
beam (II) lower
flange
b)  then the load has to
be transferred to the
upper flange of the
main beam through
the suspension
reinforcement to be
provided in the
intersection region
c)  next the load follows
the ‘normal’ path.
10/21
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f

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4Íreto
 Concrete Structures I

Suspension reinforcement

Beam (I) transfers the loads to the Beam II Beam I

lower part of beam (1) through the
compressed struts.

The load this way transferred to the

lower part of beam (1) has now to be
transferred to the upper part of the
latter through suspension stirrups:

VSd
Asw,suspension =
f yd

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 Concrete Structures I

Suspension reinforcement

As previously referred to, the suspension reinforcement has to be provided in the

intersection zone. However, if needed, a larger zone can be considered according
to the picture below.

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 Concrete Structures I

Example
AE
Design and detail the transversal reinforcement of the following beam.

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Cargaaplicadambaixa casodensparão
 L
Concrete Structures I

Example emos
t considerar metade
1. Checking the safety to ULS of shear force dos esforços transversos

i) Computation of VSd uma metade para cadalado

903,5

o esforço é em baixo
Fazemosictopague
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necessidade decorar
 m h s der
p
Concrete Structures I

Example

ii) Checking compression in the web

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 Concrete Structures I

Example

iii) Calculation of the transversal reinforcement near the supports

(2 webs) Faço
de um lado
temos
a consola do
armaduras
Não vale a pena ver já as
outro o
apoio
rn E a suspensão

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 Concrete Structures I

Example

2. Calculation of the suspension reinforcement

Note: We assume the live-load to be acting in the lower flange

Suspension force:

Anio
(to be added to the shear reinforcement)

(2 webs)
cm2 / m

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 Concrete Structures I

Example
Tens deconfirmarque temos
mini
que
a caso
a armadura
contrário
3. Calculation of the minimum transversal reinforcement
Considerávamos a
armadura mínima

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 Concrete Structures I

Example

4. Calculation of the web/flange reinforcement

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 Concrete Structures I

Example

5. Bending (transversal) reinforcement in the flange

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 Concrete Structures I

Example

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