ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering and Architecture

ANANDA HOUSE
AT GREEN VILLAGE, IN BALI, INDONESIA

ARS 204 - TROPICAL DESIGN - CONTEMPORARY TROPICAL

DESIGN HOUSE

BY

Zaire N. Dela Cruz BSA 2-B

2021-2444-A
[October 14, 2022]

Tropical architecture in Indonesia is often characterized by its heavy emphasis on the usage of timber
or bamboo construction, steep sloping roofs, large open windows, stilts, and the use of crafted
materials available locally. The Ananda House designed by architects of IBUKU is a welcoming
example to the basis of what tropical architecture can be on the lands of Indonesia.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Structure .................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Structure Location ..................................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Architects .................................................................................................................................. 2

2 CHAPTER 2: CLIMATE ....................................................................................................... 4

2.1 Bali, Indonesia Climate Record................................................................................................. 4

3 CHAPTER 3: SPECIFIC DESIGN FEATURES ................................................................. 6

3.1 Stilts........................................................................................................................................... 6

3.2 Overhang and large roofing ....................................................................................................... 7

3.3 Local materials .......................................................................................................................... 7

4 CHAPTER 4: BUILDING CHALLENGES ......................................................................... 8

4.1 Slopes ........................................................................................................................................ 8

4.2 Jungle environment ................................................................................................................... 8

5 CHAPTER 5: PLAN ............................................................................................................... 9

5.1 Section plans.............................................................................................................................. 9

6 CHAPTER 6: GALLERY .................................................................................................... 10

6.1 The Frangipani Suite (Guest Bedroom 1) ............................................................................... 10

6.2 The Lemongrass Suite (Guest Bedroom 2) ............................................................................. 10

6.3 The Orchid Suite (Master Bedroom) ....................................................................................... 11

6.4 Amenities ................................................................................................................................ 11

6.5 Bali Living Pavilion ................................................................................................................ 12

6.6 Pool and Terrace...................................................................................................................... 13

7 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 14
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1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Tropical architecture’s goal is to provide an efficient way to design a building that is ideally best
suit to be functional, safe, aesthetically pleasing, environmental friendly, and comfortable. The
proper utilization of comfort, specifically thermal comfort, is one of the main goals that tropical
architecture tackles. Thermal comfort is an important consideration for construction because it
employs the use passive and active cooling (Ghassan, M. 2021), allowing it to keep the building
stay at a pleasant temperature all year round. With this, countries that have tropical climate could
benefit the most from this approach because it provides the opportunity to design buildings that
can easily adapt to its environment. Indonesia is one of the given countries, with the climate being
tropical with humid characteristics. In this paper, the structure that will be introduced is an
example of what a tropical architecture is like on Indonesia. The aim of the paper is to find out
which approach or design features help provide the structure with the said comfort while also
pointing out the cultural influences that help make the design have its own identity similar to that
of its own culture.

1.1 Structure

Figure 1. Ananda House clinging along the hillside

Ananda House is a set of two multi-leveled structure, decked precipitously along the terrace
slopes, overlooking either the view of the horizon or Mount Agung, or the flowing waters of
Agung river depending on the level of house. The vast entirety of the house is made out of

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bamboo in line with the designs made around Green Village, which is a planned community of
bamboo resident homes. The structure shows elements of tropical architecture such as high
ceilings, stilts, open spaces with overhanging balconies, extensive use of bamboo, and the steeped
large eave roofing. The roofing also pays homage to the vernacular architecture of Indonesia,
Rumah Adat, whereas its roofing also displays multiple gables with dramatic upsweeping ridge
ends.

1.2 Structure Location

Ananda House is located at Green Village, Abiansenmal, Bali, Indonesia, facing north east, built
for client David Hornblow and his family. It is nestled around a tropical forest, perched up on the
terrace slope along the Ayung river.

Figure 2. Ananda House aerial view

1.3 Architects

IBUKU was the architect design firm that helped Hornblow’s holiday home come into fruition. It
is a team of young designers, architects, and engineers that are keen on creating groundbreaking
and unique ways of utilizing bamboos to build home, hotels, schools, and event spaces in Bali,
Indonesia. IBUKU is a team composing of 25 professionals that have designed various mixed-
media and international projects and will continue to do so as to influence and explore their
palette of natural and sustainable materials. These architects are with regarded with integrity as

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they are known to care for details in their projects from start to finish. The team would go and
even work on their own interior furnishings if bespoke by the client as mentioned by Hornblow
himself. Hornblow (2017) stated, ―I was spellbound by the buildings and the utter versatility of
the material—everything from tiny nails to massive structural elements was constructed entirely
in bamboo.‖

Figure 3. The IBUKU team Figure 4. Elora Hardy, founder of IBUKU

1.3.1. Elora Hardy

Elora Hardy is the founder and director of IBUKU. She was raised in Bali herself which inspired
her on the craftsmanship of the local Indonesians. Elora didn’t start off with an eye for
architecture. In fact, she spent most of her young adolescent years studying in the United States
where she got her degree in fine arts with the motivation of her parent’s jewelry designing
background. She would then move to New York and pursue a career in the fashion world. But
despite being successful in this field, she left it to carry a different path. She went on to take over
a family legacy design-build team that her father, John Hardy, founded. In this, she reconnected
with the culture and the landscape she loves, Elora would then continue to cultivate the Balinese
artisans alongside fellow innovative designers and architects with her goal of making Bali a center
for sustainable design globally.

Elora thereafter formed IBUKU to showcase the wondrous capabilities that bamboo can
display. She wanted to push this direction because it will emphasize the richness of the local
craftsmanship in Indonesia. Elora said that they won’t just settle for just another bamboo-hut idea.
They needed to go beyond that type of design further emphasizing on the innovation that the
IBUKU strongly holds on. Over the years, IBUKU’s projects grew as she and her team would
continuously seek for different structural and decorative possibilities that bamboo has to offer.

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2 CHAPTER 2: CLIMATE
If classified under the Köppen system, Indonesia’s climate would be under the Type (A) or
mainly known as Tropical. These tropical countries are found in the tropics, a belt shaped region
of the Earth closest to the equator. It is primarily found at low latitudes, mostly within 15° N and
S. Tropics only experience wet and dry season with the occasional fluctuation of seasonal winds
and monsoons. Average year-round temperature would stand around 26 to 27 °C with the
humidity level of about 85-90%.

2.1 Bali, Indonesia Climate Record

Bali is a province of Indonesia located about 8° S of the equator. Therefore, a tropical, warm and
humid climate all year round is to be expected – with two main distinctive seasons which are dry
season and rainy season. Meanwhile, Bali’s central mountains and volcanoes, including several
peaks, have a different and cooler temperature. These areas receive more rainfall that those
around coastal areas. Mount Agung being the main feature of the land, reaching over 3,000m in
elevation

Figure 5. Climate chart of Bali, Indonesia

In reference to Figure 5, Bali, Indonesia would experience its dry season around the start of April
and ends towards October, with the most comfortable time to visit around July and August.

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Temperature around the dry season is pretty stable. Meanwhile, rainy season would spike around
the end of October, starting at November and ending around March

Table 1. Weather Conditions on Each Month

Months Max. Temp Rainy Days Rainfall Season

January 26°C 78°F 27 34.5 cm Rainy season
February 26°C 78°F 22 27.4 cm Rainy season
March 26.5°C 79°F 20 23.4 cm Change season
April 27°C 80°F 9 8.8 cm Dry season
May 28°C 82°F 8 9.3 cm Dry season
June 26.5°C 79°F 6 5.3 cm Dry season
July 26.5°C 79°F 4 5.5 cm Dry season
August 26.5°C 79°F 4 2.5 cm Dry season
September 26.5°C 79°F 8 4.7 cm Dry season
October 27°C 80°F 12 6.3 cm Change season
November 27°C 80°F 17 17.9 cm Rainy season
December 26.5°C 79°F 22 27.6 cm Rainy season
Source: bali.com/bali/weather/

Table 1 displays a detailed and quantitative approach of what the weather condition in Bali,
Indonesia would be like on each month. This further backs up that around July and August would
be a high season in which a lot of tourist would be visiting.

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3 CHAPTER 3: SPECIFIC DESIGN FEATURES

The Ananda House is built in Bali, Indonesia. This means that several tropical architectural
designs would be seen exhibiting around the structure. As seen from Figure 6 alone, there can be
many notable tropical architecture design features that one can spot. May these be the open space
for ventilation, the large roof overhang for sun shading, the stilts for the humid jungle
environment, the high ceiling for cooler air to stay below, and the locally crafted materials used
on the structure such as bamboo.

Figure 6. The Ananda House standing along with the tropical forest

3.1 Stilts

The Ananda House is placed around an uneven terrain, adding challenge to the construction of the
said project. It was also requested that it needs to maintain most of the greenery on the property
therefore flattening or modification of ground would be out of the option. As mentioned before,
The Ananda House is placed on a humid tropical forest. So naturally, insects and bugs may be
present on the lush jungle floor. But with the elevation of the structure using stilts, the client, the
environment, and the structure would be provided with several benefits. Better ventilation on high
elevations and less cost from modification of terrain for the client; prevention of surface
organisms and moisture from the jungle environment for the structure (Liu, 2019), and no
obstruction or biodiversity loss with the excavation due to modification of terrain for the
environment. With this conclusion, stilts would be a great feature to the Ananda House as it not
only serves as a cultural element, but also for the comfort it brings.

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3.2 Overhang and large roofing

Research carried out during the past few years has shown how the proper roof overhang or
projection can protect large windows from the extremes of summer solar heat. Fortunately, The
Ananda House was featured with large roofing and overhang shading it from the sun. Its roofing
extends out in shape of a leaf that sweeps low around the sides with the east end peaking upwards.
Vernacular architecture of Indonesia showcases that these overhangs or roofing style has already
been a distinct form of the traditional architecture, known as the Rumah adat. Along with the
large roofing, The Ananda House came with an open roof space indoors that allows for better
ventilation that keeps the house cool; a beneficial feature of tropical architecture that provides
thermal comfort.

Figure 7. Overhangs of The Ananda House Figure 8. The Ananda House open roof space as seen indoors

3.3 Local materials

The Ananda House is made almost entirely out of bamboo. Fortunately, Indonesia houses 160
species of bamboo out of 1,200 – 1,400 species in the world, of which 88 are typical species that
are spread throughout Indonesia (Kehati, 2018) allowing the construction to be more locally
inclined. This feature heavily showcases the sustainability of the structure as it provides lesser
load and energy consumption. The use of bamboo in the majority of The Ananda House reduces
greenhouse gas emission, light intensity, and ultraviolet ray footprint making it a foreground
representative for tropical architecture. Bamboo being the chief material of the structure greatly
reduces the adverse impact of construction around the environment making it the most eco-
friendly building material. (Khadka, 2020) Therefore, it is of IBUKU’s pride to showcase the
entirety of The Ananda House as even the furniture and nails were made up of bamboo.

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4 CHAPTER 4: BUILDING CHALLENGES

There have been several challenges that have been apparent as the paper tackles the features of
The Ananda House. Looking back at the figures presented may have given a visual aid of what
these possible challenges could have been.

4.1 Slopes

Having an uneven terrain for a property lot could become a demeaning task if modification is
heavily requested by the client. Alteration of terrain would be a huge building challenge as its cost
a lot of negative impacts. Firstly, the cost of the whole process will be expensive as it would’ve
required digging out and leveling off the ground with earth and stones. This also could ruin the
environment as it would require having to uproot already matured plants and trees among the
forest. Luckily, it was requested to maintain the permaculture and forestry to give a tropical feel.

4.2 Jungle environment

The jungle environment may come off as e very peculiar living space. The amount of insects,
animals, and possible diseases that one may catch while strolling along the bits of the forest
would be a huge challenge towards building The Ananda House. This was solutionized by
constructing stilts to avoid bugs from crawling along the household floors and walk ways along
the forest path as to avoid having to walk blindly among the thick lush forest floor.

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5 CHAPTER 5: PLAN
5.1 Section plans

Figure 9. The Ananda House the Lemongrass Suite section plan

Figure 10. The Ananda House the Orchid Suite section plan

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6 CHAPTER 6: GALLERY
6.1 The Frangipani Suite (Guest Bedroom 1)

Figure 11. Guest pavilion Figure 12. The Frangipani Suite bedroom view

6.2 The Lemongrass Suite (Guest Bedroom 2)

Figure 13. The Lemongrass Suite deck Figure 14. The Lemongrass Suite bedroom

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6.3 The Orchid Suite (Master Bedroom)

Figure 15. The Orchid Suite bedroom Figure 16. Pathway to the Orchid Suite

6.4 Amenities

Figure 17. The Ananda Spa Figure 18. Hammock on the Meditation Nest

Figure 19. Mt. Kitamani and Mt. Agung seen from the Ananda Spa

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6.5 Bali Living Pavilion

Figure 20. Bali Living Pavilion kitchen

Figure 20. Curved breakfast counter of the Bali Living Pavilion

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6.6 Pool and Terrace

Figure 21. Pool waterfall of the Ananda House

Figure 22. Swing chair hanging on the Master Pavilion

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7 REFERENCES

Team, A. D. E. (2020, February 29). Ananda House / Ibuku. ArchDaily. Retrieved

October 19, 2022, from https://www.archdaily.com/883984/ananda-house-ibuku

M L Ghassan et al (2021) IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 1087 012013

Liu, Zhuming, (2019). "New Possibilities for Stilt Building." Thesis. Rochester Institute of
Technology.

Neaubauer, L. W. (1960). California Agriculture: Roof Overhang: For Farm Buildings,

14(12), 12. Retrieved 2022, from https://calag.ucanr.edu/archive/?issue=14_12.

Kehati. (2018). Kehati: Strategic value of bamboo for the nation's future. KEHATI.
Retrieved October 20, 2022, from https://kehati.or.id/en/kehati-strategic-value-of-
bamboo-for-the-nations-future/

Khadka, S. (2020, December 12). Why is bamboo the sustainable architectural design
and ... - greenesa. Greenesa. Retrieved October 19, 2022, from
https://www.greenesa.com/news/bamboo-sustainable-material-of-the-future

M. Frontczak, P. Wargocki, Literature survey on how different factors influence human comfort
in indoor environments. Build. Environ. 46, pp. 922-937, 2011.

Johnson, S. Hurley, S. Helmi, R. (2015). The Ananda House Gallery. retrieved October 20, 2022,
from https://anandahousebali.com/gallery/

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