ARELLC.BUENO.

LPT,MAED-SS
 Asian
Heritage of
the Filipino
Demonstrate the ability to use
primary sources to argue in favor
or against a particular issue
 OBJECTIVES
Compare and contrast the
different features of Philippine
culture in order to appreciate and
embrace our national identity,
from the following
historical eras
India
China
Japan
Arabia
 GREATCIVILIZATIONSOFASIATHATPHILIPPI
NESWASINCONTACTWITH:

West and White men - living in the Dark

Ages (476-1000 AD) East and Dark Asians
- basking in the radiant glow of
prosperity, culture and conquest
Europe – overrun by Barbarians
India – began their exodus to the countries of
Southeast Asian World (Indochina, Burma, Siam,
Malay Peninsula, Java, Sumatra)

Result of India's overseas expansion - formation of

Indianized kingdoms and countries of Asian World:
 INDIANIZATIONOFSOUTHEASTASIA

Funan - Southern Coast of Indochina. Founded in the

1st century AD by Hindu Prince named Kaundinya
who married a local princess, Liu Yeh (Willow Leaf).
Funan prospered and dominated the Indochinese
Peninsula until its fall in the 6th Century AD.
Funan's ruins - Indianized Kingdom, Cambodia,
emerged.
Khemer people of Cambodia - famous builders of
magnificent temples (Ankor Wat)
2-way process of propagation
Colonizers
Southeast Asians themselves (esp Malays, bold navigators)

Sri Vijaja & Majapahit Empires

Indo-Malayan maritime empires
Sri Vijaja - known as "Sin-fo-tsi" in Chinese records & "Zabag" in
Arabic writings.

THEASIANHERITAGEOFTHEFILIPIN
OS

Malayan in nationality
Indianized in culture
Mahayana Buddhist in religion
Palembang - capital located in the Southeastern coast of
Sumatra

Majapahit - Malayan in nationality Indianized in

Culture
Brammanistic (Hindu) in religion
Majapahit - city-kingdom in Southestern Java
Beyer's Theory - Philippines was never ruled by
Sri Vijaya and Majapahit Empires. It was exposed
as a historical fiction according to the findings of
Malaysian archeologists.

THEASIANHERITAGEOFTHEFILIPIN
OS

Early Chinese writers who wrote about Sri Vijaya

never mentioned the Philippines as one of the
15 vassal state of Sri Vijaya. Prapanca in his
eulogistic poem Nagarakerlagama, Majapahit
had 94 vassal states - cannot be accepted as
historical source. Professor C. Berg studied his
poem but labeled it as a
"historical myth"
Sulu Tradition
 Immigrants from Champa, an Indianized
kingdom in Indochina, established a trading
colony in Sulu known as "Orang Dampuans"
(Men of Champa), they were vassal of Sri
Vijaya Empire.
EARLYCONTACTWITHINDIA

They promoted commerce between Sulu and

Champa and transmitted their Indianized
culture to the Buranuns
(natives of Sulu).
Immigrants from Bandjarmasin, Borneo
settled in Sulu and engaged in pearl trade.
They offered a princess to win the good will
of Buranuns and resulted in friendly trade
between Sulu and Borneo.
Visayan Tradition
Panay was colonized by the Bornean Malays.

The story of the buying of Panay by ten datus coming from Borneo is
told in the Maragtas, a legendary account about the preSpanish Panay
Island. This narrative tells us that about A.D. 1250, at about the time
Malaysia and Indonesia were dominated by the Hindu-Malay Empire of
Sri-Vijaya, a cruel sultan named Makatunaw ruled Borneo–or perhaps
part of it. Because he was cruel, ten of his datus decided to leave
Borneo and seek their freedom and fortune beyond the sea. The Ten
Datus were:
Datu Puti (the leader)
Datu Balensusa
Datu Bangkaya
Datu Dumalugdog
Datu Dumangsil
Datu Dumangsol
Datu Lubay
Datu Panduhinog
Datu Paliburong
Datu Sumakwel

10BORNEANDATUS

The term “Maharlika” is rooted in

the Sanskrit word “maharddhika”
( ), a title meaning “man of
मह क

wealth, knowledge, or ability”.

Contrary to modern definitions, it
did not refer to the ruling class,
but rather to a warrior class of
 the Tagalog people (equivalent to
Indian
Kshatriyas).
INDIANINFLUENCES

The influence of Indian culture on the Philippines

intensified through the sea route from the 2nd (or
perhaps even before though this area requires further
research) through the late 14th centuries CE.
Ancient polities in Philippines were highly influenced by
the Hindu-Buddhist religions, language, culture,
literature, and philosophy through much trade
campaigns from India including the famous South-East
Asia military campaign of Rajendra Chola.
Ancient India’s maritime prowess was well known and in
fact the ancient Indian kings like Samudragupta and
others had their own welldefined navy which helped
them to extend their reach and influence over the
various islands in South and South-East Asia.
In fact ancient Indian sea expeditions have covered far
East including Japan.

INDIANINFLUENCES

Gold Image of Agusan - excavated on the left

bank of Wawa River near the town of Esperanza,
Agusan Province. It is the image of Sivaite
Goddess, a Buddhist Tara.

Bronze Image of Mactan - Found in the island of

Mactan in 1843. For Beyer, it is an image of
Hindu god Siva. For Francisco, it is Lokesvara
image belonging to the Buddhist Siamese Art.

Copper Image of Ganesha - Elephant god of the

Hindus also found in Mactan. Unfortunately it
perished in the Intramuros fires of August
13,1932.

ARCHEOLOGICALRELICS

Clay Medallion of Calatagan - Excavated in

Calatagan, Batangas Province in 1958.
Francisco - "this artifact belongs to 12th or 13th
century AD Buddho-Siamese Art"
God Garuda Pendant of Palawan - Found at Brooke's
Point, Palawan Province, in 1961. Francisco asserts
that it belongs to the Majapahit period. The garuda
is a mythical bird which served as thevehicle of the
Hindu god Vishnu.

Ceramics from Cambodia, Annam, and Siam

excavated in Rizal Province, Batangas, Laguna,
Mindoro, Sorsogon, Palawan and other places in the
Philippines.

ARCHEOLOGICALRELICS
 Major epics and folk literature of Philippines
show common themes, plots, climax and
ideas expressed in the Mahabharata and
the Ramayana.
The “Maharadia Lawana” (or
“Maharaja Rāvana”)̣ which is a Marana
epic. The Maranao is a southern tribe in
Philippine island of Mindanao. The epic is a
local version of the Indian epic Ramayana.
Today, one could notice the linguistic
influence of Sanskrit and Tamil in Tagalog and
other Philippine languages.
INDIANINFLUENCESINTHEPHILIPPINES
 Much of our language originated from the
Sanskrit language. the linguistic influence
left its most lasting marks on every
Philippine language throughout the
archipelago with the following Buddhist
and Hindu concepts directly from the
original Sanskrit. About 25% of the words
in many Philippine languages are Sanskrit
and Tamil terms.
Here are some of those words in Philippine
language which are loaned from Sanskrit and Tamil:
Budhi
Bathala
Dukha
IMPACTONFOLK,LANGUAGE&LITERATURE
Guro
Sampalataya
Mukha
Laho
Maharlika
Bagay
Puto
Pitaka
Saksi
Diwata
Lupa
Flowers and their Sanskrit names introduced
to Philippines by Indian traders during the
ancient times include Sampaguita and
Champaka
Fruits and their Sanskrit names introduced to
Philippines by Indian traders during the
ancient times include Mango, Nangka
(Jackfruit) and Sirisa
Vegetables and their Sanskrit names
introduced to Philippines by Indian traders
during the ancient times include
Ampalaya, Patola and Malunggay

IMPACTONFOLK,LANGUAGE&LITERATURE
 Traditional martial arts of the Philippines
which is based on weaponbased (sticks,
knives, bladed weapons, and various
improvised weapons) fighting, as well as
“open hand” techniques without weapons
is known as “Kali”. Most likely, Kali derives
from the pre-Hispanic Filipino term for
blades as many historians have also
discussed about Indian influence over this
ancient martial art.
The Pre-Islamic inhabitants of Sulu adored vedic deities from
India such as:
Indra (Sky god)
 Agni (Fire god)
Surya (Sun god)
Vayu (god of the winds)

INDIANINFLUENCESINTHEPHILIPPINES

Bathala - chief god of the pre-Christian Tagalogs, is identified

with the Hindu Indra, "the chief of the vedic gods" -
from the Sanskrit term Bhattara, which means "Great Lord"
Mythology and Folk Literature - have distinct Indian cast.
Ex: Bantugan and Lumawig
Epics - Danangan, Lam-ang, Ibalon, Ilim and Hudhud were
inspired by Mahabharata and other Hindu epics. Fables -
have Hindu origin. Monkey and the turtle, deer and snail
race & Hawk and the Hen

IMPACTONFOLK,LANGUAGE&LITERATURE
 INDIANINFLUENCESINTHEPHILIPPINES

Even today, Mt. Banahaw is re garded as a

sacred mountain, the object of annual
pilgrimages by numerous religious sects, some
of which retain elements apparently
attributable to practices and traditions
preserved from the early beliefs. The concept
of a mountain as sacred, the dwelling place of
the gods, is itself a Hindu belief.
If a black cat crosses your path, then your
tasks get delayed or postponed.
SUPERSTITIOUSBELIEFS
 Sweeping floors in the evening drives away
good luck from the home. Siblings should not
marry within the same year (Sukob)
Respect the elementals (Tabi-tabi po) Blame
your missing things on elves (Duwende).
Avoid singing while washing dishes.
Indian influences can also be noted in rice-based delicacies
such as bibingka (analogous to the Indonesian bingka),
puto, and puto bumbong, where the latter two are
plausibly derived from the south Indian puttu, which also
has variants throughout Maritime Southeast Asia (e.g. kue
putu, putu mangkok).
INDIANINFLUENCESTOFILIPINOCUISINE

The kare-kare, more popular in Luzon, is an improvised

Indian dish given the lack of spices in the Philippines to
 make curry. This is said to explain the name and its
supposed thick, yellow-to-orange annatto and peanut-
based sauce, which alludes to a type of curry.
Atchara originated from the Indian achar, which was
transmitted via the acar of the Indonesia, Malaysia, and
Brunei. Not to mention that nasing biringyi is similar to
Biryani.
Some scholars that Philippine impact with China
began in Chou dynasty. Others presume that it
started when Philippines exported gold to China.

EARLYCHINESETRADERSANDIMMIGR
ANTS
Every year, the Chinese merchants on board their
sea-going junks, left Chuanchow, and other ports
in China.

In 1225, Chau Ju-kua - Chinese superintendent of

foreign trade in Chuanchow
(called Zyton by Marco Polo)
The Chinese had been trading with the inhabitants
of the Philippine archipelago since the early 9th or
10th centuries.

EARLYCHINESETRADERSANDIMMIGR
ANTS
 Soon after, the Chinese began to immigrate there
in the 16th century.

The early Chinese immigrants who came to the

Philippines during Spanish times were first called
Sangleyes (which meant “businessmen” or
“frequent visitors”).

They were later called Intsik (from the Malay word

encik, meaning “venerable uncle”).
Cheng Ho - China's greatest maritime explorer.
CHENGHO'SVOYAGES
ANDCHINA'SNAVALSUPREMACY

For 28 years, he led 7 exploring expeditions that visited

36 countries. His 1st expedition consisted of 62 ships
and 27,800 men sailed from the port Liucia-chang
reaching the Philippines in December 1405. It anchored
at Lingayen Gulf, Manila Bay and the coast of Jolo

He is still remembered in Taosug folkore that explains

why durian has bad smell. It is said that he urinated
behind a durian tree and has acquired its sour odor.

Pei-Pon-tao - Cheng Ho's man who died while laying at

anchor off Jolo.

From the Chinese, the Filipinos learned the

manufacture of gunpowder, gold mining,
metallurgy, the use of porcelain, lead, silver, tin
and etc. Occupancies and also various forms of
gambling.
CHINESEINFLUENCESINTHEPHILIPP
 INES

The manner of dressing during early times

showed the influence of China.
China also improved the culinary art and diet of
Filipinos.
Many social customs of early Filipinos were of
Chinese origin.
China also influenced the language of Filipinos.
About 1,500 Chinese words are included in the
present Filipino vocabulary.
Chinese influence is best seen in pancit noodles and lumpia
spring rolls.
The food introduced during this period were food of the
workers and traders, which became a staple of the noodle
 shops (panciterias), and can be seen in dishes like arroz caldo
(congee), sinangag (fried rice).
CHINESEINFLUENCETOFILIPINOCUISINE

This early cultural contact with China introduced a number of

staple food into Filipino cuisine, most notably toyo (soy
sauce; Chinese: ⾖ 油 ; Peh-ōe-jī: tāu-yu), tokwa; (tofu;
Chinese: ⾖ ⼲ ; Peh-ōe-jī: tāu-koa), toge (bean sprout;
Chinese: ⾖ 芽 ; Peh-ōe-jī: tāu-koa), and patis (fish sauce), as
well as the method of stir frying and making savory soup
bases.
Many of these food items and dishes retained their original
Hokkien names, such as pancit (Chinese: 便 ê ⻝ ; Peh-ōe-jī:
piān-ê-sıt̍ ) (Chinese: 扁 ⻝ ; pinyin: bian ̌ shí), and lumpia
(Chinese: 潤餅; Peh-ōe-jī: jūn-piáⁿ, lūn-piá).
Chinese and Filipinos have lived side by side for
centuries, and both cultures have borrowed from one
another to create something that’s wholly and uniquely
Chinoy. There are other words that have been so fully
adapted into the Tagalog language:
Hikaw
Bakya
CHINESEINFLUENCETOFILIPINOLANGUAGE

Sungki
Ginto
Sangla
Pakyaw
Buwisit
Susi
Pansit
Suya
 The words ate, and kuya are not actually
Filipino. These family terms are from Hokkien
Chinese.
Ate is from a ci (a” is a prefix for
relationships; “ci” means older sister)
CALLINGYOUROLDERSIBLINGS'ATE'AND'KUYA'

kuya is from ko a (“ko” is an appellation for

older brother; “a” is a
suffix)
Ditse (second eldest sister) diko
(second eldest brother) sanse
(third eldest sister) sangko (third
eldest brother)
FIREWORKSFORCELEBRATIONS

Filipinos love festivities, and when we

celebrate, we want to make it as extra
as possible. During festivals and
holidays (Christmas, New Year, etc.),
pyrotechnics are usually present to
welcome a celebration or to drive away
evil spirits.
Apparently, we got this grand practice
from China.
Ancient art and science which traces its
roots 3,000 years ago, Feng Shui have
been part of the Filipino culture.
FENGSHUI

Feng means “wind,” and Shui means

“water”—two elements associated with
good health which equals to good
fortune.
To let good feng shui enter your home or
office, you should de-clutter your area,
let natural light and air enter, consider
color scheming and the order of
furniture and fixture.
ROUNDFRUITSARE'REQUIRED'FORNEWYEAR

When New Year’s Eve comes, the

usual Filipino table has oranges,
chicos, rambutan, apples, pears,
and other round fruits.
Expect at least 12 kinds of round
fruits as they symbolize 12 months
of prosperity.
 Tikoy or Nian Gao is a type of rice cake
made from glutinous rice and
considered as the centerpiece during
Chinese New Year.
TIKOYFORCHINESENEWYEAR

Eating Nian Gao, which is a homonym

for “higher year," is regarded as good
luck. In the Philippines, tikoy have
different flavors like ube and pandan.
About 200 years before the Spanish arrived in the
Philippines, Arabs traded and settled in the
Philippines.
 Arabs mostly colonized and influenced the island of
Mindanao. In Mindanao, the Arab Muslims influenced
and converted the indigenous people to Islam.
THEARABINFLUENCE

Besides making Mindanao an Islamic and sacred island,

the Arabs also introduced the sultanate form of
government. In this type of government, a Sultan, is the
main chief in charge.
A Sultan gains his power, control and sovereignty through
the number of followers he gains, rather than wealth.
Arabs also introduced the use of calendars to the Filipinos.
THEARABINFLUENCE

Arabs have some influence in numerous Filipino

languages. apo alamat sulat salamat bukas
pinsan bakal hukom alakdan alkalde kuba
pantalon
EARLYRELATIONSWITHJAPAN

The Japanese were trading with Philippine

kingdoms well before the Spanish period,
mainly in pottery and gold.

Historical records show that Japanese traders,

especially those from Nagasaki, frequently
visited the Philippine shores and bartered
Japanese goods for such Filipino products as
gold and pearls.
Trade flourished with Japan and
Philippines during the 13th
century.

EARLYRELATIONSWITHJAPAN

The Japanese taught us the

manufacture of arms and tools, the
tanning of deerskins, and the
artificial breeding of ducks and
fishes.
JAPANESEINFLUENCETOFILIPINOCUISINE
Halo-halo, also spelled haluhalo, Filipino for
"mixed", is a popular cold dessert in the
Philippines made up of crushed ice,
evaporated milk or condensed milk, and
various ingredients including: ube,
sweetened beans, coconut strips, sago,
gulaman (agar), pinipig rice, boiled taro or
soft yams in cubes, slices or portions of fruit
preserves and other root crop preserves,
flan, and often topped with a scoop of ube
ice cream.
CONCLUSION
It is a fact that the Philippines had
contacts with Asian civilizations well
before the Spanish or Americans came
to influence us. Philippine contacts
with neighboring Asian nations
preceded and extended over a long
period of time.
REFERENCES

https://insidemanila.ph/article/331/chine se-
influences-on-filipino-culture-we-arethankful-
for https://purduefilipino.com/filipino-history
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_cui
sine#Chinese_influence
https://patnubay.org/?p=2244