ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A project is never a unilateral effort, there is always a team of other persons

who contribute in one or more ways. The credit for the successful completion of
this project goes to a number of people without whose help, I would not have
been able to do justice to this project. Therefore, I would like to take this
opportunity to express my gratitude towards them. I would like to express my
indebtedness towards Dr. Jyoti Chouhan, School Of Social Sciences for her
inspiring thoughts and explanation. Words are not enough to convey my special
thanks to a respected guide. It is indeed a great pride for me to acknowledge
deep gratitude for the valuable and magnanimous guidance and generous
assistance extended to me by my guide. I am equally thankful to my parents, all
my friends and well-wishers who extended all possible support and encouraged
me throughout this project.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

S. No. Content Page No.

01 Introduction 3-9

02 Literature Review 10-12

03 Objective of Study 13

04 Research Methodology 14-15

05 Conclusion 16

06 References 17

ABSTRACT
World's worst disasters take place in developing and poor countries of the
world. Disasters cause enormous destruction and human suffering in the
developing countries. Environmental degradation, which is often a result of
economic development associated with human settlement pattern. Ignores
appropriate resource management, increases the vulnerability of these countries
to the disasters, and exacerbates the adverse impacts. The losses due to
earthquakes reduce the pace of economic development and often lead to a heavy
drain on available resources. Hoshangabad Township has been chosen by the
authors for urban multiple disaster scenario. The objective of this paper is to
develop damage scenario of housing stock and mankind due to floods and
transportation induced disasters. It is argued to draw contingency plan based on

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existing hazards and potential damages to study area for each ward but it should
be functional and workable.

INTRODUCTION

While natural disasters can't be prevented, measures need to be taken to reduce

the extent of damage, especially in a vast country like India with a huge
population base and scarce infrastructure. High levels of risk combined with
low levels of coping mechanisms result in major disruptions or loss of lives and
livelihood. At the global level, there has been considerable concern over natural
disasters. Even as substantial scientific and material progress is made, the loss
of lives and property due to disasters has not decreased. In fact, the human toll
and economic losses have mounted. It was in this background that the United
Nations General Assembly in 1989 declared the decade from 1990 to 2000 as
the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction with the objective to
reduce loss of lives and property and restrict socio-economic damages through
concerted international actions, especially in developing countries. India has
been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters due to unique geo-climatic
conditions of the Indian sub-continent, which make the region vulnerable to
natural disasters. This is a densely populated country with 313 people per sq.
km., 54 percent of the land is vulnerable to earthquake and 40 million hectares
of land is vulnerable to floods. 12 percent land is liable to severe earthquakes.

Asia the most disaster prone region covers 61 per cent of the world's population
devastated to loss of life and impact socio-economic development political and
cultural state of the affected area. Colossal and array with varieties disaster
trigger over 70 per cent of all lives lost due to disasters occur within the Asia
Pacific region. Among the natural hazards that annually impact the region, flood
and cyclone is known to be the most destructive to property crops and

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infrastructure and one of the worst for causing death and injury. The need to
combat the perennial problem of floods and the resultant destruction has been at
the forefront of concern for most Asian nations. In view of the increasing
vulnerability of the Asia and Pacific region to disasters, disaster risk reduction
appears as the unique long-term viable solution to reduce the impact of disasters
and build the resilience of communities and nations to disasters.

MEANING AND DEFINITION

The root of the word disaster implies that when stars in a bad position, a disaster
is about to happen. The Latin pejorative dis and astro, a star (Laster), creating
the Italian 'disastro. which came into the English language in the 16 century
through the French word disaster. It is a combination of two terms des and aster,
meaning bad or evil and star (Oxford Dictionary). Disaster therefore implies
loss or damage occurring due to some unfavourable star.

According to the Webster dictionary disaster means a grave occurrence having

ruinous results. Ecological imbalances and global warming issues along with
unplanned development place the world at a greater risk of facing disaster.
More areas and increased number of people are becoming vulnerable to these
disasters in the country. As far as the natural environment is concerned, in
contrast with the communities, it is practically always jeopardized by the
potential impact of physical agents both on inhabited or uninhabited territories.
From this view point, any "disaster" should be considered as ecological because
others simply do not exist. Another definition for disaster is the impact of a
natural and man-made event that negatively affects life, property, livelihood or
industry often resulting in permanent changes to human societies. eco-systems
and environment. The term is also defined as "a serious disruption of the society

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causing widespread human, material and environmental loss which exceeds the
ability of affected society to cope on its own resources"

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Disaster Management is the discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks, it is a

discipline. That involves preparing, supporting and rebuilding society when
natural or man-made disasters occur. Disaster management is the continuous
process by which all individuals... groups, communities manage hazards in an
effective manner to avoid or ameliorate the impact of disasters resulting from
the hazards. Action taken depends on the part of perceptions of risk of those
exposed. Effective disaster management relies on thorough integration of
emergency plans at all levels individual, groups, community) should not affect
the other levels. It is common to place the responsibility for governmental
emergency management with the institutions for civil defense or within the
conventional structure of the emergency services Disaster management can be
defined as the range of activities designed to maintain control over disaster and
emergency situations and provide a frame-work for helping the persons at risk
to avoid or recover from the impact of the disaster".

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT

A committee was constituted on 11 January 2005 by the Government of India to

draft the Disaster Management Bill. The Bill was introduced in the Rajya Sabha
on the 11 May 2005. It was referred to the Parliamentary Standing Committee
for examination and report. The report was presented to the Government of
India on 25 August 2005. Rajya Sabha passed the Bill with amendments on 28
November 2005 and Lok Sabha did so on the 12 13 December 2005. President
of India signed the Bill on the 23 December 2005 and finally the BILL was

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passed as the National Disaster Management Act. The National Disaster
Response force was also constituted on 29 November 2005.

National Disaster Management Act of 2005 brings about a paradigm shift in

India's approach to disaster management. The Centre of gravity stands visibly
shifted to preparedness, prevention and planning simultaneously as the national
disaster response is improved. The new Act provides the following framework.

 There shall be a creation of State Disaster Management Authorities,

expected to be chaired by the Chief Minister of the State.
 There shall be a creation of District Disaster Management Authorities,
co- chaired by District Collector and President of the elected body of the
district.
 There shall be an institution to study and do research in science and
develop technologies to manage the disasters.
 There shall be disaster management funds available to the union, State
and District authorities to meet the immediate needs of providing rescue
and relief to the victims of Disasters.

DISASTER HISTORY OF HOSHANGABAD TOWN

Hoshangabad Township is very close to the active SONATA fault, which is the
root cause of seismic activities in the region. The area falls under Seismic Zone
III, which comes under moderate seismic risk region. The region has
experienced 7 earthquakes in the last 150 years, among which two had
magnitude more than 6. The study area has a potential of M VIII damage less.
But it has been observed during Jabalpur earthquake of 1993 that epicentre
damage was equivalent to M VIII. So, the damage assessment has been done for
intensity VI to VIII Flood is also quite frequent phenomenon-in the study area.

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In last 78 years, more than 74 times, floods had inundated the low lying areas.
The high time flood was recorded in 1973 with maximum flood level 297 MSL.
Floods in the study area are due to Narmada River and its tributary. The local
field flood indicator showed that the floodwater was not flowing at the same
level in different areas. This is assessed by the indication of flood levels of 301
in above MSL at some of the other nearby areas around Hoshangabad city. The
reason for these different flood levels is due to uncontrolled free flowing flood
water from the upstream three dams namely Bargi, Tawa and Barna dams.

Release of water from dams and continuous rains created different afflux levels
in closer vicinity of the river Narmada. National Highway 69 passes through
Hoshangabad Township linking major industrial Area of Raisen district. This
results in carrying Liquefied Petroleum Gas or LPG along with other hazardous
chemicals. In our study area only potential hazards associated with the
transportation of LPG under pressurized liquid condition has been considered.
The transportation of LPG can give rise to release of flammable gases and
vapours that may result in flash fires or vapour cloud explosions, or a liquid that
may lead to pool fires. The flammable liquids or gases release can also give rise
to jet fires on the container and the LPG may undergo a Boiling Liquid
Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) with its associated fireball.

FLOOD SENARIO

Flood damage scenario in study area has been developed on the basis of present
land use, approximate topographical height and the past flood levels. Land use
has been demarcated using remote sensing data and survey. Degree of damages
has been evaluated based on the maximum flood levels, and approximate
housing stock falling under different flood level zone. Flood scenario gives fare
idea about damage of housing stock and population affected. Damage Scenario

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changes with flood water levels. Increasing trend of damage is based directly on
the increasing intensity of flood water, which increases with flood levels. Based
on historical flooding three severe flood levels are taken for scenario study. The
various flood inundation areas at different flood levels of 295m. 297m and
298m above MSL has been represented at Fig 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 respectively.
It has been observed that at flood level 295. only 2.65 percent of population is
affected. But as the flood level increases, the proportion of affected population
increases. At flood level 298, more than 50 percent of population is affected.
When comparing the vulnerability of housing stock. it is found that at flood
level 295, about 7.65 percent of housing stock inclusive all types are affected.
At level 298, more than one third of the housing stock is affected. Details of
flood damage scenario indicate that the areas of seven wards are coming under
inundation at the worst scenario developed from the backwater of river
Narmada. These wards are Kothibazar Ward, Malakhedui ward (south), Phefur
Taal ward, SPM ward (West), Rewa Ganj, Bhilpura Ward and Gandhi Ward
respectively. Percentage of buildings affected is based on the falling of the same
within the different flood levels.

TYPICAL EFFECTS OF FLOOD AND CYCLONE

Physical damage-structures damaged of collapsed by washing waters, landslide

triggered on account of water getting saturated. Boats and fishing equipment
may be lost or damaged in coastal areas.

Casualties and pubic health - people and livestock deaths caused by drowning,
very few serious injuries. Outbreak of epidemics diarrhea, viral infections,
malaria, etc.

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Water supplies - contamination of water (wells, ground water, and piped water
supply). Clean water may be unavailable.

Crops and food supplies - sudden food shortage can be caused due to loss of
entire harvest. Spoiling of grains when saturated in water along with loss of
animal fodder. The crop storage facilities and go downs may get submerged
resulting in immediate food shortage. Floods may also affect the soil
characteristics, the land may be rendered infertile due to erosion of top layer or
may tum saline if sea water floods the area.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

 The book "Disaster Management in libraries and museums" edited by

Graham Matthews. Yvonne Smith and Gemma Knowles.
assesses the current state of Disaster Management in archives, libraries and
museum in the UK and around the world, and provides recommendation for
addressing current und future threats. The research is the first study of a cross-
domain nature in this book that provides an overview of the sector, the
individual domains, as well as an international perspective

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  The book "Management of natural disasters in developing countries"
by H. N. Srivastava and G. D. Gupta.
is based on the modern needs of government and nongovernmental
organizations involved in one or more of the four phases of emergency
management-mitigation, preparedness. response and recovery. Contributed
seminar papers presented at the International Workshop on Management of
Natural Disasters during: 24-27 Jan, 2000 at Bangkok.

 The book "Intro duction to International Disaster Management" by

Damon P. Coppola,
is written from a global perspective on risk, hazards and disasters. Introduction
to International Disaster Management provides practitioners, educators and
students with a comprehensive overview of the players processes and special
issues in volved in the management of large-scale natural and technological
disasters. The book discuses special Issues encountered in the management of
international disasters, and explains the various private, non-governmental,
national, and international agencies that assist in preparedness, mitigation,
response and recovery during national and regional events. This book
concentrates on the four major phases of emergency management - mitigation.
preparedness response, and recovery. Also this book is the first of its kind to
take a global app roach to the topic of international disaster management and
based on the juncture of two separate trends All countries face increased risk
from full range of unknown hazards and disaster consequences are having
greater adverse effects on population and environments.

 The book "Natural hazard" by Gilbert F. White" exists apart from

human adjustment to it. It always involves human initiative and choice to
natural. Local, national, global hazards.
Disaster Management is relatively a new discipline in India A few decades ago.
The Administration and the government machinery in India had no clear
concept of Disaster Management. Leave alone its execution and implementation
of corrective measures. Ironically, it was the alarm given by natural-calamites
like cyclones, flood and earthquakes. which awakened our authorities and policy
planners to concern about the problems and related matters

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  The book "Disaster Management through the New Millennium" by
Ayaz Ahmad 1 research based and authentic work should fillthe hill
Disasters are not totally discrete events. The possibility of occurrence, time,
place and seventy of disaster strike can be reasonably and in some case
accurately predicted by technological and scientific advances. It has been
established that a definite pattern in occurrence of such disaster can be reduced
to some extent of damage though the extent of damage itself cannot be reduced

 The book "Disaster Management" by 1. Sundar, T Sezhiyan. 2007

focuses on the basic concept of disaster management and also
differentiates disaster from individual non- extreme or small-scale
suffering

 P. Michael Vetha Siromony's "Source book on district disaster

management” focused on to help the district administration and society
to be prepared to face disasters, reduce their vulnerability and prevent
loss of lives and property. This source book would help in identifying
various resources within the districts and also be identified in handling
disasters

 Harsh K. Gupta's "Disaster Management" contains seven chapters, each

dealing with one major natural disaster encountered in our country. Each
of the authors is an expert in that particular field. The outstanding
contribution of this book is that it not only deals with the forecasting and
description of the various natural disasters, but also stresses the
management aspect, exhaustively detailing the necessary steps that need
to be taken to deal with the fallout in the wake of these disasters. The
book also describes the advances in remote sensing and the state-of the-
art technology available in India for the monitoring and prediction of
these phenomena. It also draws up a comprehensive warning system to be
implemented in order to minimize the extensive losses to life and
property that occur year after year.

 The book "Disaster Mitigation Experiences and Reflection" by

Pardeep Sahni, Alka Dhameja and Uma Medury is a collection articles
from several contributors is an excellent analysis of different mitigation
strategies. The underlying attempt in each chapter is to illuminate the
pertinence of those mitigation efforts that would prepare everyone related

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 with disaster management to comprehend and approach the problem more
holistically.

 "Mitigation, Management and Control of Floods in South Asia"

Volume for UN HABITAT and UNEP chronicles the development and
comprises of the complete proceedings of two conferences of a
foundation for collaboration and information exchange for mitigation and
flood management in South Asia The main objective of the meeting was
to explore possibilities of teclinical comperation among the participating
countries in flood management and mitigation

 The book "Hazards: Assessing Risks and Reducing Disaster" by Keith

Smith David N. Petley provides a balanced overview of all the major
rapid-onset events that threaten people and what they value in the twenty-
first century.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The following are the objectives:-

 To study the meaning and definition of disasters meaning scope and
various aspects of disaster management.

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  To study the flood Disaster Management in order to assess the role and
precautionary measures enforced by the recognized Governmental and
Non-Governmental Organizations in Hoshangabad District (MP) India

 To examine the administrative profile of Hoshangabad district in Madhya

Pradesh in order to analyse the role of flood disaster management

 To know the working & planning of SDERF department with reference to

Narmadapuram District.

HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

The study attempts to examine the following hypothesis for affirmation or
rejection that is: Whether the administrative organization of Hoshangabad
District are capable of managing the disaster like flood and are the pre- prepared
for such a Calamity

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The study is a descriptive and analytical studs based on primary and secondary
data collection both primary and secondary data have been collected for
investigating the objectives framed for the present study. The secondary sources
of data have been collected from the Books Journals. Annual Reports,
Publications and Manuals. The secondary data: relating to Hoshangabad profile,
amount of Flood disaster management in Hoshangabad have been collected

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from World Vision India United Nations/UNDP and online reports of Madhya
Pradesh Government in the research area.
The descriptive research includes fact-finding inquires and the impact of the
disaster management in the target areas. The analytical research on the other
hand the researcher had used facts already available and analyses these to make
evaluation of the material of Disaster Management.

POPULATION
The main target population will be the residents of Hoshangabad District.

SAMPLE SIZE AND AREA

Area:
Hoshangabad town is located in the southern parts of Madhya Pradesh, on the
banks of river Narmada, between 22"-20' North Latitude and 78°-00' East
Longitude Hoshangabad town is located about 75 km away from Bhopal, the
state capital.

Sample Size:
The researcher had collected samples of respondents in the targeted area.
Among those samples few samples had been taken from each area of
Hoshangabad District. For the research purpose the researcher has chosen
certain blocks which are considered as flood prone areas- near the Narmada
river.

TECHNIQUES OF DATA COLLETION

Primary Source of Data Collection:

The questionnaire was designed to elicit information on the role and
performance of Administration in disaster Management in the flood prone areas

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for the study. The researcher also used qualitative and quantitative methods in
the questionnaire with open-end questions and closed-end questions. The
closed-end questions were in line with Liker's three point sealing system.

To provide necessary information about the role and functions of

Administrative organization of Flood and Cyclone Disaster Management in
hoshangabad the researcher conducted interviews with about respondents
through unstructured interview from the Various stakeholders which includes
dignitaries of Non-governmental Organizations and governmental
Organizations in order to bring case studies for the measures and implications of
disaster management adopted in the state of Madhya Pradesh. This aspect 61 the
study included literature and website review interviews, and a survey of Area
Development Programs and Institutions by means of targeted e-mails to named
individuals.

Secondary Source of Data Collection:

Secondary source of data were collected from publications of the Central, State
and Local governments, published materials from various books, journals
magazines, daily newspapers, website review. The data from non-governmental
organizations and research institutions were also used as secondary source of
data.

CONCLUSION

Before commencement of any planning and management activities to mitigate

the disastrous consequence of man-made and natural disasters, it is necessary to
analyse the potential hazards underlying in the area and predict consequences of

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such disasters. The recent disasters have made planners, administrators, policy
makers, engineers, social workers and response stakeholders to think about the
probabilistic and deterministic analysis of disasters Continuous lack of
developed land and housing in urban areas for the poor has made the people in
developing countries to occupy hazardous areas, making them vulnerable to
disasters. With an objective to understand the local hazard, the study area
Hoshangabad Township has been chosen for urban multiple disaster scenario.
This study has found that the area has been affected by earthquakes and floods.
High floods have recently affected the area in 1999, which inundated large parts
of the city. In view of seismic threat and proportion of vulnerable housing stock,
it is necessary to work out damages to the housing stock. Transport accidents
induced chemical disasters are rare phenomenon in the study area. As the
National Highway passes through the township, there is a large potential for
such accidents. To make community aware, it is necessary to develop scenario
study for such accidents.

REFERENCES

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 BMITC (1997) Vulnerability Atlas of India. Building Materials and
Technology Promotion Council. Ministry of Urban Development.
Government of India. New Delhi

 National Centre for Human Settlements and Environment (1995)

Perspective Urbanisation Plan for Madhya Pradesh 2021. National Centre
for Human Settlements and Environment, Bhopal

 Cobum, A. and Spence, R. (1992) Earthquake Protection. John Wiley and

Sons. London.

 Indian Society of Earthquake Technology (1989) A Manual of

Earthquake Resistant Non-Engineered Construction, Indian Society of
Earthquake Technology. University of Roorkee. Roorkee.

 Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (1999) Lessons Learned Over

Time. Learning From Earthquake Series, Volume II. Innovative
Earthquake Recovery in India, Earthquake Engineering Research
Institute, Oakland, California.

 National Centre for Peoples' Action in Disaster Preparedness (2003)

Capacity Building Program for Long-term Preparedness, National Centre
for Peoples Action in Disaster Preparedness of Gujarat State Disaster
Management Authority, Ahmedabad.

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