Reg.

No Mahnoor Khaliq, Moatassem Billah, Zaid

Marks / Grade Amir
2019-EE-355,2019-EE-393,2019-EE-415

Lab # 7
Frequency Modulation and Demodulation
Objective:
The aim of this lab is to learn about Frequency modulation and demodulation of a message signal
using carrier signal and built in commands in MATLAB.
Theory:
In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency modulation (FM) is the encoding
of information in a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous frequency of the wave.
In analog frequency modulation, such as FM radio broadcasting of an audio signal representing
voice or music, the instantaneous frequency deviation, the difference between the frequency of
the carrier and its center frequency, is proportional to the modulating signal.
If the information to be transmitted (i.e., the baseband signal) is and the sinusoidal carrier is
where fc is the carrier's base frequency, and Ac is the carrier's amplitude, the modulator combines
the carrier with the baseband data signal to get the transmitted signal

where Xc=AcCos(2πFct) being the sensitivity of the frequency modulator and Am being the
amplitude of the modulating signal or baseband signal.
In this equation, F(t) is the instantaneous frequency of the oscillator and F∆ is the frequency
deviation, which represents the maximum shift away from fc in one direction, assuming xm(t) is
limited to the range ±1..
To generate a frequency modulated signal, the frequency of the radio carrier is changed in line
with the amplitude of the incoming audio signal.
Circuit Diagram:

Scopes Output:
Spectrum Analyzer Outputs:
Conclusion:
The aim of this lab is to learn about Frequency modulation and demodulation of a message signal
using carrier signal and built in commands in MATLAB
FM radio broadcasting of an audio signal representing voice or music, the
instantaneous frequency deviation, the difference between the frequency of the carrier and its
center frequency, is proportional to the modulating signal