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RED615 Appl 756498 ENd
RED615 Appl 756498 ENd
RED615 Appl 756498 ENd
Trademarks
ABB and Relion are registered trademarks of ABB Group. All other brand or
product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective holders.
Warranty
Please inquire about the terms of warranty from your nearest ABB representative.
ABB Oy
Distribution Automation
P.O. Box 699
FI-65101 Vaasa, Finland
Telephone: +358 10 2211
Facsimile: +358 10 22 41094
http://www.abb.com/substationautomation
Disclaimer
The data, examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for the concept
or product description and are not to be deemed as a statement of guaranteed
properties. All persons responsible for applying the equipment addressed in this
manual must satisfy themselves that each intended application is suitable and
acceptable, including that any applicable safety or other operational requirements
are complied with. In particular, any risks in applications where a system failure and/
or product failure would create a risk for harm to property or persons (including but
not limited to personal injuries or death) shall be the sole responsibility of the
person or entity applying the equipment, and those so responsible are hereby
requested to ensure that all measures are taken to exclude or mitigate such risks.
This document has been carefully checked by ABB but deviations cannot be
completely ruled out. In case any errors are detected, the reader is kindly requested
to notify the manufacturer. Other than under explicit contractual commitments, in
no event shall ABB be responsible or liable for any loss or damage resulting from
the use of this manual or the application of the equipment.
Conformity
This product complies with the directive of the Council of the European
Communities on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC Directive 2004/108/EC) and concerning
electrical equipment for use within specified voltage limits (Low-voltage directive
2006/95/EC). This conformity is the result of tests conducted by ABB in
accordance with the product standards EN 50263 and EN 60255-26 for the EMC
directive, and with the product standards EN 60255-1 and EN 60255-27 for the low
voltage directive. The IED is designed in accordance with the international
standards of the IEC 60255 series.
Table of contents
Table of contents
Section 1 Introduction.......................................................................5
This manual........................................................................................5
Intended audience..............................................................................5
Product documentation.......................................................................6
Product documentation set............................................................6
Document revision history.............................................................7
Related documentation..................................................................8
Symbols and conventions...................................................................8
Safety indication symbols..............................................................8
Manual conventions.......................................................................9
Functions, codes and symbols......................................................9
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Section 6 Glossary.........................................................................83
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1MRS756498 D Section 1
Introduction
Section 1 Introduction
This manual addresses the protection and control engineer responsible for
planning, pre-engineering and engineering.
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Decommissioning
Commissioning
Maintenance
Engineering
Operation
Installing
Engineering manual
Installation manual
Commissioning manual
Operation manual
Service manual
Application manual
Technical manual
Communication protocol
manual
en07000220.vsd
IEC07000220 V1 EN
The engineering manual contains instructions on how to engineer the IEDs using
the different tools in PCM600. The manual provides instructions on how to set up a
PCM600 project and insert IEDs to the project structure. The manual also
recommends a sequence for engineering of protection and control functions, LHMI
functions as well as communication engineering for IEC 61850 and other
supported protocols.
The installation manual contains instructions on how to install the IED. The
manual provides procedures for mechanical and electrical installation. The chapters
are organized in chronological order in which the IED should be installed.
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Introduction
well as verifying settings by secondary injection. The manual describes the process
of testing an IED in a substation which is not in service. The chapters are organized
in chronological order in which the IED should be commissioned.
The operation manual contains instructions on how to operate the IED once it has
been commissioned. The manual provides instructions for monitoring, controlling
and setting the IED. The manual also describes how to identify disturbances and
how to view calculated and measured power grid data to determine the cause of a
fault.
The service manual contains instructions on how to service and maintain the IED.
The manual also provides procedures for de-energizing, de-commissioning and
disposal of the IED.
The technical manual contains application and functionality descriptions and lists
function blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameters and
technical data sorted per function. The manual can be used as a technical reference
during the engineering phase, installation and commissioning phase, and during
normal service.
The point list manual describes the outlook and properties of the data points
specific to the IED. The manual should be used in conjunction with the
corresponding communication protocol manual.
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Download the latest documents from the ABB web site http://
www.abb.com/substationautomation.
8 RED615
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The tip icon indicates advice on, for example, how to design your
project or how to use a certain function.
• Abbreviations and acronyms in this manual are spelled out in the glossary. The
glossary also contains definitions of important terms.
• Push button navigation in the LHMI menu structure is presented by using the
push button icons, for example:
To navigate between the options, use and .
• HMI menu paths are presented in bold, for example:
Select Main menu/Settings.
• LHMI messages are shown in Courier font, for example:
To save the changes in non-volatile memory, select Yes and press .
• Parameter names are shown in italics, for example:
The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting.
• Parameter values are indicated with quotation marks, for example:
The corresponding parameter values are "On" and "Off".
• IED input/output messages and monitored data names are shown in Courier
font, for example:
When the function starts, the START output is set to TRUE.
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2.1 Overview
The IED provides unit type main protection for overhead lines and cable feeders in
distribution networks. The IED also features current-based protection functions for
remote back-up for down-stream protection IEDs and local back-up for the line
differential main protection. Further, standard configurations B and C also include
earth-fault protection.
The IED is adapted for the protection of overhead line and cable feeders in isolated
neutral, resistance earthed, compensated (impedance earthed) and solidly earthed
networks. Once the IED has been given the application-specific settings, it can
directly be put into service.
The 615 series IEDs support a range of communication protocols including IEC
61850 with GOOSE messaging, IEC 60870-5-103, Modbus® and DNP3.
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The IED consists of two main parts: plug-in unit and case. The content depends on
the ordered functionality.
1) The 0.2/1 A input is normally used in applications requiring sensitive earth-fault protection and
featuring core-balance current transformers.
Rated values of the current and voltage inputs are basic setting parameters of the
IED. The binary input thresholds are selectable within the range 18…176 V DC by
adjusting the binary input setting parameters.
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See the installation manual for more information about the case and
the plug-in unit.
The connection diagrams of different hardware modules are presented in this manual.
B 4 1 11 (17)1) 10 (13)1)
C 4 - 12 (18)1) 10 (13)1)
REF615
Overcurrent
Dir. earth-fault
Voltage protection
Phase unbalance
Thermal overload
Breaker failure
Disturb. rec. Triggered
CB condition monitoring
Supervision
Arc detected
Autoreclose shot in progr.
A070704 V3 EN
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• Display
• Buttons
• LED indicators
• Communication port
2.4.1 LCD
The LHMI includes a graphical LCD that supports two character sizes. The
character size depends on the selected language. The amount of characters and
rows fitting the view depends on the character size.
3 4
A070705 V2 EN
1 Header
2 Icon
3 Content
4 Scroll bar (displayed when needed)
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2.4.2 LEDs
The LHMI includes three protection indicators above the display: Ready, Start and
Trip.
There are also 11 matrix programmable LEDs on front of the LHMI. The LEDs
can be configured with PCM600 and the operation mode can be selected with the
LHMI, WHMI or PCM600.
2.4.3 Keypad
The LHMI keypad contains push-buttons which are used to navigate in different
views or menus. With the push-buttons you can give open or close commands to
one object in the primary circuit, for example, a circuit breaker, a contactor or a
disconnector. The push-buttons are also used to acknowledge alarms, reset
indications, provide help and switch between local and remote control mode.
A071176 V1 EN
Figure 4: LHMI keypad with object control, navigation and command push-
buttons and RJ-45 communication port
The WHMI enables the user to access the IED via a web browser. The supported
web browser version is Internet Explorer 7.0 or later.
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• Disturbance records
• Phasor diagram
• Single-line diagram
The menu tree structure on the WHMI is almost identical to the one on the LHMI.
A070754 V3 EN
• Locally by connecting your laptop to the IED via the front communication port.
• Remotely over LAN/WAN.
2.6 Authorization
The user categories have been predefined for the LHMI and the WHMI, each with
different rights and default passwords.
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2.7 Communication
The IED supports a range of communication protocols including IEC 61850, IEC
60870-5-103, Modbus® and DNP3. Operational information and controls are
available through these protocols. However, some communication functionality,
for example, horizontal communication between the IEDs, is only enabled by the
IEC 61850 communication protocol.
The IED can support five simultaneous clients. If PCM600 reserves one client
connection, only four client connections are left, for example, for IEC 61850 and
Modbus.
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All communication connectors, except for the front port connector, are placed on
integrated optional communication modules. The IED can be connected to Ethernet-
based communication systems via the RJ-45 connector (100Base-TX) or the fibre-
optic LC connector (100Base-FX). If connection to a RS-485 network is required, a
9-pin screw-terminal connector, an optional 9-pin D-sub connector or an optional ST-
type glass-fibre connector can be used.
Client A Client B
Network
Network
GUID-AB81C355-EF5D-4658-8AE0-01DC076E519C V1 EN
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Functionality A B C
Transient / intermittent earth-fault protection - ●4)5) -
1) Note that all directional protection functions can also be used in non-directional mode.
2) Admittance based E/F can be selected as an alternative to directional E/F when ordering.
3) Io selectable by parameter, Io measured as default.
4) Uo measured is always used.
5) Io measured is always used.
6) Io selectable by parameter, Io calculated as default.
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GUID-7A5D7398-4E4E-4B45-A561-01E3AF4C1640 V1 EN
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GUID-9A18BC7A-D172-4FD4-9C25-BF39C5879E5D V1 EN
Functional diagrams
The functional diagrams describe the IED's functionality from the protection,
measuring, condition monitoring, disturbance recording, control and interlocking
perspective. Diagrams show the default functionality with simple symbol logics
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forming principle diagrams. The external connections to primary devices are also
shown, stating the default connections to measuring transformers. The positive
measuring direction of directional protection functions is towards the outgoing feeder.
The functional diagrams are divided into sections with each section constituting
one functional entity. The external connections are also divided into sections. Only
the relevant connections for a particular functional entity are presented in each
section.
Protection function blocks are part of the functional diagram. They are identified
based on their IEC 61850 name but the IEC based symbol and the ANSI function
number are also included. Some function blocks, such as PHHPTOC, are used
several times in the configuration. To separate the blocks from each other, the IEC
61850 name, IEC symbol and ANSI function number are appended with a running
number, that is an instance number, from one upwards. If the block has no suffix
after the IEC or ANSI symbol, the function block has been used, that is,
instantiated, only once. The IED’s internal functionality and the external
connections are separated with a dashed line presenting the IED’s physical casing.
3.4.1 Applications
The standard configuration for line current differential protection is mainly
intended for cable feeder applications in distribution networks.
The IED with a standard configuration is delivered from the factory with default
settings and parameters. The end-user flexibility for incoming, outgoing and
internal signal designation within the IED enables this configuration to be further
adapted to different primary circuit layouts and the related functionality needs by
modifying the internal functionality using PCM600.
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3.4.2 Functions
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Additionally, all the digital inputs that are connected by default are also enabled
with the setting. Default triggering settings are selected depending on the
connected input signal type. Typically all protection START signals are selected to
trigger the disturbance recorded by default.
The functional diagrams describe the default input, output, alarm LED and function-
to-function connections. The default connections can be viewed and changed with
PCM600 according to the application requirements, if necessary.
The analog channels are assigned to different functions. The common signal
marked with 3I represents the three phase currents. The signal marked with Io
represents the measured residual current, via a sum connection of second CT cores
of the phase current transformers.
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The functional diagrams describe the IED’s protection functionality in detail and
picture the factory set default connections.
GUID-3D2AA0B6-1572-429F-B14B-F8444F789BC6 V2 EN
The operate signal is connected to the Master Trip Logics 1 and 2 and also to the
alarm LEDs. LED 1 is used for start or operate of stabilized low stage and LED 2
for start or operate of instantaneous high stage indication. The indication of the
high or low stage operation is also connected to the output SO1 (X100:10-11-12).
LED 3 is used to indicate if the line differential is not available. This is due to
failures in protection communication or the LNPLDF is set to test mode.
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GUID-B1422431-B763-4D31-9EC2-8D543A2D733B V1 EN
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GUID-9B1CFB25-FB36-4EDE-A229-2899CC2C5832 V1 EN
Four overcurrent stages are offered for overcurrent and short-circuit protection.
The instantaneous stage (PHIPTOC1) can be blocked by energizing the binary
input 1 (X120:1-2). Two negative sequence overcurrent stages (NSPTOC1 and
NSPTOC2) are offered for phase unbalance protection. The inrush detection
block’s (INRPHAR1) output BLK2H enables multiplying the active settings for
instantaneous stage of overcurrent protection.
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All operate signals are connected to the Master Trip Logics 1 and 2 and also to the
alarm LEDs. LED 6 is used for collective overcurrent and negative-sequence
overcurrent protection operate indication.
Depending on the selected operation mode, the active setting group can be changed
either with a parameter or via binary input.
GUID-8D834AFD-1C7E-4D76-9783-4196C948F3A1 V1 EN
The upstream blocking from the start of the overcurrent protection functions is
connected to the output SO1 (X110:14-15-16). The purpose of this output is to
send a blocking signal to the relevant overcurrent protection stage of the IED at the
upstream bay.
GUID-F3E79BC2-EF82-4DCB-A916-9DB613FF21C4 V1 EN
GUID-B79B68FA-F921-49BA-A469-2F0C19847809 V1 EN
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The circuit-breaker failure protection (CCBRBRF1) is initiated via the start input
by a number of different protection stages in the IED. CCBRBRF1 offers different
operating modes associated with the circuit-breaker position and the measured
phase and residual currents.
CCBRBRF1 has two operating outputs: TRRET and TRBU. The TRRET operate
output is used for retripping its own circuit breaker through the Master Trip Logic
2. The TRBU output is used to give a backup trip to the circuit breaker feeding
upstream. For this purpose, the TRBU operate output signal is connected to the
output PO2 (X100: 8-9). LED 7 is used for backup (TRBU) operate indication.
GUID-95F4F5DE-CB3F-4C54-B115-981E05865388 V1 EN
All start and operate signals from the protection stages are routed to trigger the
disturbance recorder or alternatively only to be recorded by the disturbance
recorder depending on the parameter settings. Additionally, the five binary inputs
from X120 are also connected.
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GUID-E87263FE-32FF-415C-89F0-AEFC537D076C V1 EN
Two separate trip circuit supervision functions are included, TCSSCBR1 for PO3
(X100:15-19) and TCSSCBR2 for PO4 (X100:20-24). Both functions are blocked
by the Master Trip (TRPPTRC1 and TRPPTRC2) and the circuit breaker open
signal. The TCS alarm indication is connected to LED 9.
GUID-DA0317C8-79B8-4892-9BBD-C05240236D08 V1 EN
The operate signals from the protections are connected to the two trip output
contacts PO3 (X100:15-19) and PO4 (X100:20-24) via the corresponding Master
Trips TRPPTRC1 and TRPPTRC2. Open control commands to the circuit breaker
from local or remote CBXCBR1-exe_op is connected directly to the output PO3
(X100:15-19).
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TRPPTRC1 and 2 provide the lockout/latching function, event generation and the
trip signal duration setting. If the lockout operation mode is selected, one binary
input can be reassigned to the RST_LKOUT input of the Master Trip to enable
external reset with a push button.
GUID-5CFF1470-3EED-42B1-879C-D2065D85C69D V1 EN
ENA_CLOSE input enables the closing of the circuit breaker. In the circuit-breaker
control function CBXCBR is a combination of the statuses of the Master Trip
logics, disconnector and earth-switch position indications and remote feeder
position indications. Master trip logic, disconnector and earth-switch statuses are
local feeder ready information to be sent for the remote end. Opening is always
enabled.
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GUID-DBCBB3F1-0DC8-4A0B-BB15-7E8009215EBB V1 EN
Figure 19: Line differential trip and protection communication failure indication
The signal outputs from the IED are connected to give dedicated information on:
TPGAPC1 is used for setting the minimum pulse length for the outputs.
GUID-7F99A134-E9F3-47F2-9A80-0A2CDE11513C V1 EN
The binary signal transfer function (BSTGGIO) is used for changing any binary
information which can be used for example in protection schemes, interlocking,
and alarms. There are eight separate inputs and corresponding outputs available.
In this configuration one physical input BI3 (X110:6-7) is connected to the binary
signal transfer channel one. Local feeder ready and local circuit breaker open
information are connected to input 6 and 7. These are interlocking information
from control logic. The information of detected current transformer fault is
connected to input 8.
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The receive and send information are connected to alarm LEDs 10 and 11.
3.5.1 Applications
The standard configuration for line current differential protection including
directional earth-fault protection and autoreclosing is mainly intended for cable
feeder applications in distribution networks.
The IED with a standard configuration is delivered from the factory with default
settings and parameters. The end-user flexibility for incoming, outgoing and
internal signal designation within the IED enables this configuration to be further
adapted to different primary circuit layouts and the related functionality needs by
modifying the internal functionality using PCM600.
3.5.2 Functions
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Additionally, all the digital inputs that are connected by default are also enabled
with the setting. Default triggering settings are selected depending on the
connected input signal type. Typically all protection START signals are selected to
trigger the disturbance recorded by default.
The functional diagrams describe the default input, output, alarm LED and function-
to-function connections. The default connections can be viewed and changed with
PCM600 according to the application requirements, if necessary.
The analog channels are assigned to different functions. The common signal
marked with 3I represents the three phase currents. The signal marked with Io
represents the measured residual current, via a sum connection of second CT cores
of the phase current transformers. The signal marked with Uo represents the
measured residual voltage from voltage transformers.
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The functional diagrams describe the IED’s protection functionality in detail and
picture the factory set default connections.
GUID-3A288210-C0A8-4B04-A14E-1A58ABD7D4D3 V2 EN
The operate signal is connected to the Master Trip Logics 1 and 2 and also to the
alarm LEDs. LED 1 is used for start or operate of stabilized low stage and LED 2
for start or operate of instantaneous high stage indication. The indication of the
high or low stage operation is also connected to the output SO1 (X100:10-11-12).
LED 3 is used to indicate if the line differential is not available. This is due to
failures in protection communication or the LNPLDF is set to test mode.
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GUID-271B66CC-B2BE-410C-BDC3-76FEC6E988CA V1 EN
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GUID-9705FFE7-4D75-434B-8CD4-AF40CD3C99B4 V2 EN
Four overcurrent stages are offered for overcurrent and short-circuit protection.
The instantaneous stage (PHIPTOC1) can be blocked by energizing the binary
input 1 (X120:1-2). Two negative sequence overcurrent stages (NSPTOC1 and
NSPTOC2) are offered for phase unbalance protection. The phase discontinuity
protection (PDNSPTOC1) provides protection for interruptions in the normal three-
phase load supply, for example, in downed conductor situations. The inrush
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All operate signals are connected to the Master Trip Logics 1 and 2 and also to the
alarm LEDs. LED 6 is used for collective overcurrent and negative-sequence
overcurrent protection operate indication.
The upstream blocking from the start of the overcurrent protection functions is
connected to the output SO1 (X110:14-15-16). The purpose of this output is to
send a blocking signal to the relevant overcurrent protection stage of the IED at the
upstream bay.
GUID-B16A06C9-4455-4C9C-977D-89551BC1FB95 V2 EN
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GUID-18E59E0F-41A6-49B2-937E-4F473A53E722 V2 EN
Three stages are offered for directional earth-fault protection. According to the
order code, the directional earth-fault protection method can be based on
conventional directional earth-fault (DEFxPDEF) or admittance criteria
(EFPADM). In addition, there is a dedicated protection stage (INTRPTEF) either
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All operate signals are connected to the Master Trip as well as to the alarm LED 2.
GUID-4960429E-BC29-4952-96EE-386085A68EBB V1 EN
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GUID-6FDD65FF-B9D0-427A-884B-C069C1FBBAEC V2 EN
The circuit-breaker failure protection (CCBRBRF1) is initiated via the start input
by a number of different protection stages in the IED. CCBRBRF1 offers different
operating modes associated with the circuit-breaker position and the measured
phase and residual currents.
CCBRBRF1 has two operating outputs: TRRET and TRBU. The TRRET operate
output is used for retripping its own circuit breaker through the Master Trip Logic
2. The TRBU output is used to give a backup trip to the circuit breaker feeding
upstream. For this purpose, the TRBU operate output signal is connected to the
output PO2 (X100: 8-9). LED 7 is used for backup (TRBU) operate indication.
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GUID-59BC4BDE-6BF6-43F5-969F-9B69CBA6360E V2 EN
All start and operate signals from the protection stages are routed to trigger the
disturbance recorder or alternatively only to be recorded by the disturbance
recorder depending on the parameter settings. Additionally, the five binary inputs
from X120 are also connected.
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GUID-A66A720A-F868-4AC1-8F80-AB88164CF324 V2 EN
Two separate trip circuit supervision functions are included, TCSSCBR1 for PO3
(X100:15-19) and TCSSCBR2 for PO4 (X100:20-24). Both functions are blocked
by the Master Trip (TRPPTRC1 and TRPPTRC2) and the circuit breaker open
signal. The TCS alarm indication is connected to LED 9.
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GUID-E5ED7B02-3E92-490E-86A9-20E40C8B39A4 V2 EN
The operate signals from the protections are connected to the two trip output
contacts PO3 (X100:15-19) and PO4 (X100:20-24) via the corresponding Master
Trips TRPPTRC1 and TRPPTRC2. Open control commands to the circuit breaker
from local or remote CBXCBR1-exe_op is connected directly to the output PO3
(X100:15-19).
TRPPTRC1 and 2 provide the lockout/latching function, event generation and the
trip signal duration setting. If the lockout operation mode is selected, one binary
input can be reassigned to the RST_LKOUT input of the Master Trip to enable
external reset with a push button.
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GUID-849CC2E7-47AE-452B-9090-7C79CDADBCEB V1 EN
There are three disconnector status blocks (DCSXSWI1…3) available in the IED.
The remaining two not described in the functional diagram are available in
PCM600 for connection where applicable.
The binary inputs 5 and 6 of the additional card X110 are used for busbar
disconnector (DCSXSWI1) or circuit-breaker truck position indication.
The binary inputs 7 and 8 (X110:11-13) are designed for the position indication of
the line-side earth switch.
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The circuit breaker closing is enabled when the ENA_CLOSE input is activated.
The input can be activated by the configuration logic, which is a combination of
the disconnector or breaker truck and earth-switch position statuses and the statuses
of the master trip logics and gas pressure alarm and circuit-breaker spring charging.
This combination of interlocking conditions is called LOCAL_FEEDER_READY
and is transferred also to the remote end via binary signal transfer. The OKPOS
output from DCSXSWI defines if the disconnector or breaker truck is definitely
either open (in test position) or close (in service position). This, together with the
open earth-switch and non-active trip signals, activates the close-enable signal to
the circuit breaker control function block. The open operation is always enabled.
The auto-recloser close command signals are directly connected to the output
contact PO1 (X100:6-7).
The ITL_BYPASS input can be used, for example, to always enable the closing of
the circuit breaker when the circuit breaker truck is in the test position, despite of
the interlocking conditions being active when the circuit breaker truck is closed in
service position.
The circuit breaker condition monitoring function (SSCBR) supervises the circuit
breaker status based on the binary input information connected and measured
current levels. The function introduces various supervision methods. The
corresponding supervision alarm signals are routed to LED 9.
GUID-ACD31919-0EC7-469C-9EA5-122B62F57CD7 V1 EN
Figure 32: Line differential trip and protection communication failure indication
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The signal outputs from the IED are connected to give dedicated information on:
TPGAPC1 is used for setting the minimum pulse length for the outputs.
GUID-740E4543-4AE6-4AF9-9311-6B6ABA4A9E73 V1 EN
The binary signal transfer function (BSTGGIO) is used for changing any binary
information which can be used for example in protection schemes, interlocking,
and alarms. There are eight separate inputs and corresponding outputs available.
In this configuration one physical input BI2 (X110:3-4) is connected to the binary
signal transfer channel one. Local feeder ready and local circuit breaker open
information are connected to input 6 and 7. These are interlocking information
from control logic. The information of detected current transformer fault is
connected to input 8.
The receive and send information are connected to alarm LEDs 10 and 11.
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GUID-B8D0D1C7-9501-470C-940F-B4F6E769DF57 V1 EN
The circuit breaker availability for the autoreclose sequence is expressed with the
binary input 4 (X110:6-7) by connecting the input signal to the CB_READY input.
In case this signal is completely removed from DARREC1 with PCM600, the
function assumes that the breaker is available all the time.
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3.6.1 Applications
The standard configuration for line current differential protection including non-
directional earth-fault protection and autoreclosing is mainly intended for cable
feeder applications in distribution networks.
The IED with a standard configuration is delivered from the factory with default
settings and parameters. The end-user flexibility for incoming, outgoing and
internal signal designation within the IED enables this configuration to be further
adapted to different primary circuit layouts and the related functionality needs by
modifying the internal functionality using PCM600.
3.6.2 Functions
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Additionally, all the digital inputs that are connected by default are also enabled
with the setting. Default triggering settings are selected depending on the
connected input signal type. Typically all protection START signals are selected to
trigger the disturbance recorded by default.
The functional diagrams describe the default input, output, alarm LED and function-
to-function connections. The default connections can be viewed and changed with
PCM600 according to the application requirements, if necessary.
The analog channels are assigned to different functions. The common signal
marked with 3I represents the three phase currents. The signal marked with Io
represents the measured residual current, via a sum connection of second CT cores
of the phase current transformers.
The functional diagrams describe the IED’s protection functionality in detail and
picture the factory set default connections.
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GUID-AD8EEB29-787A-4DEF-A583-DA50490DABB1 V1 EN
The operate signal is connected to the Master Trip Logics 1 and 2 and also to the
alarm LEDs. LED 1 is used for start or operate of stabilized low stage and LED 2
for start or operate of instantaneous high stage indication. The indication of the
high or low stage operation is also connected to the output SO1 (X100:10-11-12).
LED 3 is used to indicate if the line differential is not available. This is due to
failures in protection communication or the LNPLDF is set to test mode.
GUID-ECC4DAA7-0224-4B1E-9802-36159A10342A V1 EN
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GUID-BD86AC25-8837-4F1B-9AD4-4A8602A3E752 V1 EN
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Four overcurrent stages are offered for overcurrent and short-circuit protection.
The instantaneous stage (PHIPTOC1) can be blocked by energizing the binary
input 1 (X120:1-2). Two negative sequence overcurrent stages (NSPTOC1 and
NSPTOC2) are offered for phase unbalance protection. The phase discontinuity
protection (PDNSPTOC1) provides protection for interruptions in the normal three-
phase load supply, for example, in downed conductor situations. The inrush
detection block’s (INRPHAR1) output BLK2H enables multiplying the active
settings for instantaneous stage of overcurrent protection.
All operate signals are connected to the Master Trip Logics 1 and 2 and also to the
alarm LEDs. LED 6 is used for collective overcurrent and negative-sequence
overcurrent protection operate indication.
The upstream blocking from the start of the overcurrent protection functions is
connected to the output SO1 (X110:14-15-16). The purpose of this output is to
send a blocking signal to the relevant overcurrent protection stage of the IED at the
upstream bay.
GUID-9286D4F1-5DF4-46FD-84F1-986948402C0D V1 EN
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GUID-4A5C3A7F-385F-43C1-B15A-EE3B5E4B21BA V1 EN
Four stages are offered for non-directional earth-fault protection. The earth-fault
protection uses measured residual currents. When current circuit failure is detected
by CCRDIF1, all earth- fault functions are blocked to inhibit unwanted operation,
which can occur due to apparent residual current.
All operate signals are connected to the Master Trip as well as to the alarm LED 6.
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GUID-65E0C573-F286-41A8-93CB-CB24321A0004 V1 EN
The circuit-breaker failure protection (CCBRBRF1) is initiated via the start input
by a number of different protection stages in the IED. CCBRBRF1 offers different
operating modes associated with the circuit-breaker position and the measured
phase and residual currents.
CCBRBRF1 has two operating outputs: TRRET and TRBU. The TRRET operate
output is used for retripping its own circuit breaker through the Master Trip Logic
2. The TRBU output is used to give a backup trip to the circuit breaker feeding
upstream. For this purpose, the TRBU operate output signal is connected to the
output PO2 (X100: 8-9). LED 7 is used for backup (TRBU) operate indication.
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GUID-B6239379-5059-4A66-A394-66537DD68839 V1 EN
All start and operate signals from the protection stages are routed to trigger the
disturbance recorder or alternatively only to be recorded by the disturbance
recorder depending on the parameter settings. Additionally, the five binary inputs
from X120 are also connected.
GUID-E6DAF971-D144-4DD5-9149-A05C8C98242E V1 EN
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Two separate trip circuit supervision functions are included, TCSSCBR1 for PO3
(X100:15-19) and TCSSCBR2 for PO4 (X100:20-24). Both functions are blocked
by the Master Trip (TRPPTRC1 and TRPPTRC2) and the circuit breaker open
signal. The TCS alarm indication is connected to LED 9.
GUID-30FA3940-E507-4AD5-95E0-C06863113FF8 V1 EN
The operate signals from the protections are connected to the two trip output
contacts PO3 (X100:15-19) and PO4 (X100:20-24) via the corresponding Master
Trips TRPPTRC1 and TRPPTRC2. Open control commands to the circuit breaker
from local or remote CBXCBR1-exe_op is connected directly to the output PO3
(X100:15-19).
TRPPTRC1 and 2 provide the lockout/latching function, event generation and the
trip signal duration setting. If the lockout operation mode is selected, one binary
input can be reassigned to the RST_LKOUT input of the Master Trip to enable
external reset with a push button.
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GUID-C136B8BF-8E6A-4B02-B4A1-D96F87867E40 V1 EN
There are three disconnector status blocks (DCSXSWI1…3) available in the IED.
The remaining two not described in the functional diagram are available in
PCM600 for connection where applicable.
The binary inputs 5 and 6 of the additional card X110 are used for busbar
disconnector (DCSXSWI1) or circuit-breaker truck position indication.
The binary inputs 7 and 8 (X110:11-13) are designed for the position indication of
the line-side earth switch.
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The circuit breaker closing is enabled when the ENA_CLOSE input is activated.
The input can be activated by the configuration logic, which is a combination of
the disconnector or breaker truck and earth-switch position statuses and the statuses
of the master trip logics and gas pressure alarm and circuit-breaker spring charging.
This combination of interlocking conditions is called LOCAL_FEEDER_READY
and is transferred also to the remote end via binary signal transfer. The OKPOS
output from DCSXSWI defines if the disconnector or breaker truck is definitely
either open (in test position) or close (in service position). This, together with the
open earth-switch and non-active trip signals, activates the close-enable signal to
the circuit breaker control function block. The open operation is always enabled.
The auto-recloser close command signals are directly connected to the output
contact PO1 (X100:6-7).
The ITL_BYPASS input can be used, for example, to always enable the closing of
the circuit breaker when the circuit breaker truck is in the test position, despite of
the interlocking conditions being active when the circuit breaker truck is closed in
service position.
The circuit breaker condition monitoring function (SSCBR) supervises the circuit
breaker status based on the binary input information connected and measured
current levels. The function introduces various supervision methods. The
corresponding supervision alarm signals are routed to LED 9.
GUID-C9A27CAB-37D7-4D0C-A665-1A717B870FC3 V1 EN
Figure 45: Line differential trip and protection communication failure indication
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The signal outputs from the IED are connected to give dedicated information on:
TPGAPC1 is used for setting the minimum pulse length for the outputs.
GUID-8D1AE042-9992-41E1-B324-56EB32CA4DEC V1 EN
The binary signal transfer function (BSTGGIO) is used for changing any binary
information which can be used for example in protection schemes, interlocking,
and alarms. There are eight separate inputs and corresponding outputs available.
In this configuration one physical input BI2 (X110:3-4) is connected to the binary
signal transfer channel one. Local feeder ready and local circuit breaker open
information are connected to input 6 and 7. These are interlocking information
from control logic. The information of detected current transformer fault is
connected to input 8.
The receive and send information are connected to alarm LEDs 10 and 11.
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GUID-754F4F14-A610-4C10-9DB9-404D3872BDBB V1 EN
The circuit breaker availability for the autoreclose sequence is expressed with the
binary input 4 (X110:6-7) by connecting the input signal to the CB_READY input.
In case this signal is completely removed from DARREC1 with PCM600, the
function assumes that the breaker is available all the time.
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1MRS756498 D Section 4
Requirements for measurement transformers
The selection of a CT depends not only on the CT specifications but also on the
network fault current magnitude, desired protection objectives, and the actual CT
burden. The protection settings of the IED should be defined in accordance with
the CT performance as well as other factors.
The rated accuracy limit factor (Fn) is the ratio of the rated accuracy limit primary
current to the rated primary current. For example, a protective current transformer
of type 5P10 has the accuracy class 5P and the accuracy limit factor 10. For
protective current transformers, the accuracy class is designed by the highest
permissible percentage composite error at the rated accuracy limit primary current
prescribed for the accuracy class concerned, followed by the letter "P" (meaning
protection).
Table 25: Limits of errors according to IEC 60044-1 for protective current transformers
Accuracy class Current error at Phase displacement at rated primary Composite error at
rated primary current rated accuracy limit
current (%) minutes centiradians primary current (%)
5P ±1 ±60 ±1.8 5
10P ±3 - - 10
The accuracy classes 5P and 10P are both suitable for non-directional overcurrent
protection. The 5P class provides a better accuracy. This should be noted also if
there are accuracy requirements for the metering functions (current metering,
power metering, and so on) of the IED.
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The CT accuracy primary limit current describes the highest fault current
magnitude at which the CT fulfils the specified accuracy. Beyond this level, the
secondary current of the CT is distorted and it might have severe effects on the
performance of the protection IED.
In practise, the actual accuracy limit factor (Fa) differs from the rated accuracy
limit factor (Fn) and is proportional to the ratio of the rated CT burden and the
actual CT burden.
Sin + Sn
Fa ≈ Fn ×
Sin + S
A071141 V1 EN
The nominal primary current I1n should be chosen in such a way that the thermal
and dynamic strength of the current measuring input of the IED is not exceeded.
This is always fulfilled when
The saturation of the CT protects the measuring circuit and the current input of the
IED. For that reason, in practice, even a few times smaller nominal primary current
can be used than given by the formula.
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The factor 0.7 takes into account the protection IED inaccuracy, current
transformer errors, and imperfections of the short circuit calculations.
The adequate performance of the CT should be checked when the setting of the
high set stage overcurrent protection is defined. The operate time delay caused by
the CT saturation is typically small enough when the overcurrent setting is
noticeably lower than Fa.
When defining the setting values for the low set stages, the saturation of the CT
does not need to be taken into account and the start current setting is simply
according to the formula.
With definite time mode of operation, the saturation of CT may cause a delay that
is as long as the time the constant of the DC component of the fault current, when
the current is only slightly higher than the starting current. This depends on the
accuracy limit factor of the CT, on the remanence flux of the core of the CT, and
on the operate time setting.
With inverse time mode of operation, the delay should always be considered as
being as long as the time constant of the DC component.
With inverse time mode of operation and when the high-set stages are not used, the
AC component of the fault current should not saturate the CT less than 20 times the
starting current. Otherwise, the inverse operation time can be further prolonged.
Therefore, the accuracy limit factor Fa should be chosen using the formula:
The Current start value is the primary pickup current setting of the IED.
The following figure describes a typical medium voltage feeder. The protection is
implemented as three-stage definite time non-directional overcurrent protection.
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A071142 V1 EN
The maximum three-phase fault current is 41.7 kA and the minimum three-phase
short circuit current is 22.8 kA. The actual accuracy limit factor of the CT is
calculated to be 59.
The start current setting for low-set stage (3I>) is selected to be about twice the
nominal current of the cable. The operate time is selected so that it is selective with
the next IED (not visible in the figure above). The settings for the high-set stage
and instantaneous stage are defined also so that grading is ensured with the
downstream protection. In addition, the start current settings have to be defined so
that the IED operates with the minimum fault current and it does not operate with
the maximum load current. The settings for all three stages are as in the figure above.
For the application point of view, the suitable setting for instantaneous stage (I>>>)
in this example is 3 500 A (5.83 x I2n). For the CT characteristics point of view, the
criteria given by the current transformer selection formula is fulfilled and also the
IED setting is considerably below the Fa. In this application, the CT rated burden
could have been selected much lower than 10 VA for economical reasons.
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5.1 Inputs
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5.2 Outputs
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Output contacts of slot X130 are available in the optional BIO module (BIOB02A).
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5.2.3 IRF
The IRF contact functions as an output contact for the self-supervision system of
the protection IED. Under normal operating conditions, the IED is energized and
the contact is closed (X100/3-5). When a fault is detected by the self-supervision
system or the auxiliary voltage is disconnected, the output contact drops off and the
contact closes (X100/3-4).
Two different protection communication options are available for the IED, that is, a
fibre optic link and a galvanic pilot wire link.
Multi-mode or single-mode glass fibre can be used in a fibre optic link. Select the
required glass fibre mode when ordering the IED. Link lengths up to 2 km with multi-
mode fibre and link lengths up to 20 km with single-mode fibre can be achieved.
The fibre optic cable used for protection communication is connected to the X16/
LD connector in the IED. See 615 series technical manual for more information.
If a galvanic pilot wire is used as a protection communication link, the pilot wire
modem RPW600 is required. Select the pilot wire option when ordering the IED.
The protection communication link always requires two modems in a protection
scheme, thus delivered in pairs of master (RPW600M) and follower (RPW600F)
units. The IED is connected to the pilot wire modem using a single-mode fibre
optic cable. Thus a single-mode version of IED is required if the pilot wire link is
used. The fibre optic cable is connected to the X16/LD connector in the IED and in
Ethernet FX connector in the pilot wire modem.
Setting or configuration is not needed with either of the pilot wire modem variants
or with the IED. Pilot wire link lengths up to 8 km with 0.8 mm2 twisted pair
cables can be applied. Even higher distances can be achieved with good quality
twisted pair cables in the pilot wire link. The achieved link length also depends on
the noise levels in the installations.
The pilot wire modem has QoS (quality of service) LEDs in the front panel for
easy diagnostics of the pilot wire link quality. The diagnostics feature does not
depend on the payload over the pilot wire link and can be used for checking the
quality of the intended pilot wire link even without installing the IEDs. In addition,
a diagnostic kit is available as an ordering option for more advanced diagnostic and
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logging of diagnostic parameters of the pilot wire link. The kit consists of a CD-
ROM with the RPW600 Diagnostic Tool software with a built-in help, required
drivers and a special serial diagnostic cable to be connected to the console port of
the modem.
Fibre optic link
MM or SM fiber optic
RED615 RED615
RPW600F
RPW600M pilot wire modem
pilot wire modem master follower
RED615 RED615
GUID-D4D15565-FD47-425D-8ABE-EA1A3C455673 V1 EN
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Glossary
Section 6 Glossary
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Contact us
ABB Limited
Distribution Automation
Maneja
Vadodara 390013, India
Phone +91 265 2604032
Fax +91 265 2638922
ABB
Transmission and Distribution
Automation Equipment (Xiamen) Co. Ltd.
ABB Industrial Park, Torch Hi-tech
Development Zone 361006
Xiamen, Fujian, China
Phone +86 592 5702288
Fax +86 592 5718598
www.abb.com/substationautomation