Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Division of Ilocos Sur

EARTH SCIENCE
LESSON TITLE: Rocks and Minerals
11
____________________________________________________
Name of Teacher –Writer: Imelda C. Gironella
School: Salcedo National High School
QUARTER #
1
SELF LEARNING KIT #
2
LEARNING COMPETENCY
1. Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic (S11ES-Ic-6)
2. Identify the minerals important to society (S11ES-Ic-7)

How can we classify rocks? Would it be by color, hardness, texture, density or other physical properties? Is it by
chemical properties?
Generally, rocks are classified on the basis of the mode of formation and that some of these physical
and chemical properties are inherent on how the rocks are formed.
Rocks are an aggregate of minerals. A rock can be composed of a single mineral (e.g. Quartzite is a
metamorphic rock predominantly of quartz) or more commonly composed of an aggregate of two or more
minerals. Can a name of a mineral be also used as a rock name?

Activity: Refer to the rock cycle below. Briefly describe how geologic processes
can change a rock from one type to another

A. Classification of Rocks

Igneous Rocks (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning “fire”) are crystallized form magma or molten or
partially molten volcanic materials that came from within Earth. Magma rises from the asthenosphere or the

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base of the crust and fissures on the Earth’s surface. When it reaches the surface of Earth, the volcanic
material is called lava.

Sedimentary Rocks (from the root word sediments which means “remaining particles”) are rocks that have
formed from the deposition of different materials on Earth’s surface. They come from pre-existing rocks or
pieces of dead organisms that been “lithified” or cemented together by natural processes.
• Conglomerate (left) relatively large and rounded clasts as compared to the angular clasts of the breccia
on the right
• Sandstone (left) with visible grains and prominent layering or; claystone (right) with several embedded
fossils
• Non-clastic sedimentary rocks limestone and coquina
Metamorphic Rocks (meta means “change” and morph means “form”) are rocks that derive from igneous
or sedimentary rocks that were exposed to high pressure, high temperature or a combination of both, deep
below the surface of the Earth.

B. Minerals Important to Society

Mineral resources include both metal ore and nonmetallic minerals. Recall that ore is rock sufficiently
enriched in one or more minerals to be mined profitably. Geologists usually use the term to refer to metallic
mineral deposits, and it is commonly accompanied by the name of the metal-for example, iron ore or silver
ore.
Nonmetallic mineral resources refer to the useful rocks or minerals that are not metals-such as salt,
building stone, sand, and gravel. When we think about “striking rich” from mining, we usually think of gold.
However, more money has been made mining sand and gravel than mining gold. Sand and gravel are mined
from stream and glacial deposits, sand dunes, and beaches. In turn, these nonmetallic resources are mixed
with Portland cement-a material produced by heating a mixture of crushed limestone and clay-to make
concrete. Reinforced with steel, concrete is used to build roads, bridges and buildings. Thus, reinforced
concrete is one of the basic building materials of the modern world. In addition, many buildings are faced with
stone- usually granite or limestone, although marble, slate, sandstone, and other rocks used for buildings are
also mine from quarries cut into bedrock.
There are many important metals and other elements that are fundamental parts of our lives and the
industries that produce many things in daily use. Some are familiar to us, such as iron, lead, copper,
aluminum, silver and gold. Others are less well known, such as molybdenum (rifle barrels), tungsten (light
bulb filaments), and borax (soaps, antiseptics).

Some Minerals and their Uses

Metallic Minerals
Uses
Hematite and magnetite (iron) In making steel
Galena As plumbing, in tin cans
Gold, silver, and platinum In electronics, in dental work, as objects such as coins,
jewelry, utensils, and bowls
Chalcopyrite (copper) As wiring, in coins and jewelry, as building ornaments
In making brass
Sphalerite (zinc) As wiring, in cans, in aircraft and spacecraft
Bauxite (aluminum)

Nonmetallic Minerals Uses

Kimberlite (diamond) in drill bits and saws, as phonograph needles, in jewelry

Limestone (calcite) in cement, as building stone
Halite (salt) in food preparation
Kaolite (clay) in ceramics, cement, and bricks
Quartz (sand) as glass
Sulfur in gunpowder, medicines, and rubber
Gypsum

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EXERCISES/ACTIVITIES:
Activity 1
Copy the table then classify the following rocks as to igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic by completing
correctly the columns.
granite marble basalt gypsum
conglomerate calcite slate schist
pumice sandstone diorite quartzite
halite andesite limestone
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

Activity 2 “What Parts of a Computer Are Mined”

a. Identify the minerals and metals used to build the computer component

Computer Component Minerals and Metals used to build the Computer Component

Computer monitor

Computer chip

Computer circuitry

Computer case

Electrical cords

b. Identify the properties of each mineral/metal that makes it useful to the function of the computer parts.
Properties that make it useful to the function
Computer Parts Mineral/Metal of the computer part

Computer monitor

Computer chip

Computer circuitry

Computer case

Electrical cords

Geologists divide rocks into three groups, depending upon how the rocks formed. Igneous
rocks solidify from magma. Sedimentary rocks form from clay, sand, gravel, and other
sediments that collect
at Earth’s surface. Metamorphic rocks form when any rock is altered by temperature,
pressure, or an influx of hot water. Useful rocks and minerals include both nonmetallic
mineral resources and metals. Mineral reserves are the known amount of ore in the
ground.
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 APPLICATION

1. What do butterflies and metamorphic rocks have in common?

2. Other than as a jewelry, why is gold important to society?

ASSESSMENT

Directions: Read each question carefully. Select the best answer from the four choices lettered A, B, C,
and D. Write your answer before each number.

1. Which of the following is the parent material of 6. It is commonly known as a component of

igneous rock? It is a molten material from deep toothpaste in the form of flouride.
within the Earth that cools and hardens. A. feldspar
A. plutonic igneous B. fluorite
B. intrusive igneous C.gold
C. magma D. silver
D. rock
7. Which of the following is/are made into pieces
2. It forms at the Earth’s surface. They cool and of jewelry and other important articles at home?
crystallize from magma which has spilled out onto A. gold
the surface at a volcano. B. platinum
A. intrusive igneous C. silver
B. metamorphic rock D. all of these choices
C. sedimentary rock
D. volanic igneous 8. Which of the following serve/s as important
material/s in electronics and wiring because of
3. How can you recognize an igneous rock? its/their conductive properties?
A. by light colored A. copper
B. by light weight B. copper and silver
C. by the presence of fossils C. silica
D. by the presence of vesicules(holes)nin D. silver
extrusive igneous rocks
9. These are used widely for the filament in
4. This rock is derived from limestone. It is incandescent bulbs because of their high melting
considered as the most beautiful rock because of points.
its shimmering luster. A. copper and titanium
A. gneiss B. silver and gold
B. marble C. tungsten and molybdenum
C. schist D. tungsten and germanium
D. slate 10. Some important elements including metals
can be economically extracted from what kind of
5. How do you recognize a metamorphic rock? specialized rocks?
A. by foliation(layering) A. aluminum
B. by the interlocking texture of large B. either ore deposits or molybdenum
grains C. molybdenum
C. by “ching” sound instead of a “chunk” D. ore deposits
sound when tapped
D. all of these choices

You have done well doing all the tasks in this self-learning kit!!!
Congratulations!!!

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Abon, Catherine, Dizon, Ernesto Ancheta, Dizon, Zoraida, Guzman III, Alfonso Vincent&

Listanco, Eddie. Earth Science for Senior High School: Initial Release.Quezon City:
Commission on Higher Education (2016)

Bayo-ang, Roly, Coronacion, Maria Lourdes, Jorda, Annamae & Restubog, Anna Jamille.
Earth and Life Science. Quezon City: Educational Resources Corporation, (2016)

Salandanan, Gloria, Faltado, Ruben, & Lopez, Merle. Earth and Life Sciences.
Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc. (2016)

Thompson, Graham, & Turk, Jonathan. Introduction to Earth Science. Pasig City: ESP
Printers, Inc. (2012)
http://slideplayer/slide4195647/14/images/8/Examples+ofIgneous+Rocks.jpg

Activity 1
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
Granite Sandstone Quartzite Activity 2
Basalt Conglomerate Slate Answers
Pumice Limestone Marble vary
Diorite Gypsum Schist Activity 3
andesite calcite Minerals
and
Metals in
a Computer
Computer Monitor:
Silicon, lead, strontium, phophorus, boron, indium, barium
Computer chip
Silicon, gallium
Computer circuitry
Gold, aluminum, lithium, chromium, silver, nickel, gallium, lead, Zinc, copper, steel,
Tungsten, titanium, cobalt, germanium, tin, tantalum
Computer case
Calcium carbonate, clays, mica, talc, sulfur
Electrical cords
Copper

Application
Q-1. Butterflies and metamorphic rocks both undergo change from an earlier form (caterpillar for butterfly,
parent rock for metamorphic rock) to a new one.

Q-2. Several properties of gold including its malleability, good conductivity and general resistance to corrosion
and oxidation made it very important in the electronics industry, primarily as connectors, switch and relay
contacts, soldered joints and connecting strips. These can be found in almost every sophisticated electronic
device such as GPS, cellphones, MP3 players, calculators, laptop computers and television.

Assessment
A. Multiple Choice
1.C 2.D 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. D