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Single-Stage BJT Amplifiers and BJT High-Frequency Model

Asst. Prof. MONTREE SIRIPRUCHYANUN, D. Eng. Dept. of Teacher Training in Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education King Mongkuts Institute of Technology North Bangkok http://www.te.kmitnb.ac.th/msn mts@kmitnb.ac.th
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Single-Stage BJT Amplifier Configurations

There are three basic configurations for single-stage BJT amplifiers: Common-Emitter (Common-Source) Common-Base (Common-Gate) Common-Collector (Common-Drain) Lets look at these amplifier configurations and their small-signal operation

224510 Advanced communication circuit design

Asst. Prof. Dr. MONTREE SIRIPRUCHYANUN

Common-Emitter Amplifier
First, assume Re = 0 (this is not re, but an explicit resistor) The BJT is biased with a current source (with high output impedance) and a capacitor connects the emitter to ground. Cap provides an AC short at the emitter for small time-varying signals but is an open circuit for DC signals Can redraw the circuit with an equivalent circuit that replaces the BJT with its hybrid- model Rs B C

gmv vs v r r RC vo

224510 Advanced communication circuit design

CE Amp with Emitter Degeneration

Now, assume Re 0. First, find Ri voltage applied to the base is across re and Re

base current is

and lets find Ri

this tells us adding Re increases the input resistance

Can design the desired Ri by setting Re

224510 Advanced communication circuit design 4

Asst. Prof. Dr. MONTREE SIRIPRUCHYANUN

To determine the voltage gain, first find the gain from the base to the collector (ignore ro b/c it complicates the analysis considerably)

NOTE: Voltage gain between base and collector is equal to ratio of total resistance in the collector to the total resistance in the emitter. To find the total gain,

Characteristics with Re : gain is lower, but also less dependent on input resistance is higher allows higher input signal voltage
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Common-Base Amplifier
Ground the base and drive the input signal into the emitter through a coupling capacitor (only passes ac signals)

Model the small signal approximation with a T-model current source is an AC open and CC is an AC short
224510 Advanced communication circuit design 6

Asst. Prof. Dr. MONTREE SIRIPRUCHYANUN

First, we can see that

To find the gain, solve for vo

The output impedance is just CB amp characteristics: voltage gain has little dependence on gain depends critically on Rs is non-inverting most commonly used as a unity-gain current amplifier or current buffer and not as a voltage amplifier: accepts an input signal current with low input resistance and delivers a nearly equal current with high output impedance most significant advantage is its excellent frequency response (which we will see later)
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Common-Collector Amplifier (Emitter Follower)

The last basic configuration is to tie the collector to a fixed voltage, drive an input signal into the base and observe the output at the emitter

Also called an emitter follower since the emitter follows the input signal Used for connecting a source with a large Rs to a load with low resistance

224510 Advanced communication circuit design

Asst. Prof. Dr. MONTREE SIRIPRUCHYANUN

Redraw the circuit to have ro in parallel with RL now, find Ri when re << RL << ro notice the amplifier has large input resistance Find the gain with two voltage dividers

gain is less than unity, but close (to unity) since is large and re is small
224510 Advanced communication circuit design 9

High-Frequency BJT Model

rb B C r v C gmv r C

In BJTs, the PN junctions (EBJ and CBJ) also have capacitances associated with them C is the reverse-biased CB junction

Where mjc is between 0.2 and 0.5, V0 is between 0.5V and 1V

C represents the capacitance of the forward-biased EBJ which exhibits both the junction cap and diffusion cap

Where Cje is the junction cap and F is the base-transit time

At high frequencies, the base resistance can also an important role in device operation

224510 Advanced communication circuit design

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Asst. Prof. Dr. MONTREE SIRIPRUCHYANUN