18 ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook — Volume 4

are especially important for those temporarily inca- identi
ed as family toilet rooms. This is to clearly
pacitated and the severely incapacitated. indicate that the rooms are not reserved for the physi-
The International Plumbing Code requires the cally challenged.
single-occupant toilet room in mercantile and assem-
bly buildings when the total number of water closets
required (both men and women) is six or more. When
installed in airports, the facilities must be located to
allow use before an individual passes through the
security checkpoint.
Another feature typically added to single-occupant
toilet rooms is a diaper-changing station. This allows
either the mother or the father to change a baby’s
diaper in privacy. To allow all possible uses of the
single-occupant toilet room, the rooms often are

Table 1-3 Minimum Number of Required Plumbing Fixtures

Water Closets (Urinals Drinking
See Section 419.2) Lavatories Bathtubs/ Fountain (See
No. Classi
cation Occupancy Description Male Female Male Female Showers Section 410.1) Other
1 Assembly (see Theaters and other
Sections 403.2, buildings for the
A-1d 1 per 125 1 per 65 1 per 200 — 1 per 500 1 service sink
403.4 and performing arts and
403.4.1) motion pictures
Nightclubs, bars,
taverns, dance halls
1 per 40 1 per 40 1 per 75 — 1 per 500 1 service sink
and buildings for
d
A-2 similar purposes
Restaurants, ban

quet halls and food 1 per 75 1 per 75 1 per 200 — 1 per 500 1 service sink
courts
Auditoriums without
permanent seating,
art galleries, exhibi

tion halls, museums, 1 per 125 1 per 65 1 per 200 — 1 per 500 1 service sin
lecture halls, librar

ies, arcades and
A-3
d
gym
nasiums
Passenger terminals
and transportation 1 per 500 1 per 500 1 per 750 — 1 per 1,000 1 service sink
facilities
Places of worship
and other religious 1 per 150 1 per 75 1 per 200 — 1 per 1,000 1 service sink
services.
1 per 75
1 per rst
for the rst
Coliseums, arenas, for the rst
1,500 and
skating rinks, pools r 60 and 1
1 per 120
A-4 and tennis courts per 60 for 1 per 200 1 per 150 — 1 per 1,000 1 service sink
for the
for indoor sporting the remain

remainder
events and activities der exceed

exceeding
ing 1,500
1,500
1 per 75 1 per 40
for the rst for the
Stadiums, amuse

1,500 and rst 1,500
ment parks, bleach

1 per 120 and 1 per
A-5 ers and grandstands 1 per 200 1 per 150 — 1 per 1,000 1 service sink
for the 60 for the
for outdoor sporting
remainder remainder
events and activities
exceeding exceeding
1,500 1,500
2 Business (see Buildings for the
Sections 403.2, transaction of busi

403.4 and ness, professional
403.4.1) services, other 1 per 25 for the rst 1 per 40 for the rst
B services involving 50 and 1 per 50 for the 80 and 1 per 80 for the — 1 per 100 1 service sink
merchandise, ofce remainder exceeding 50 remainder exceeding 80
buildings, banks,
light industrial and
similar uses
Chapter 1 — Plumbing Fixtures 19

Water Closets (Urinals Drinking

See Section 419.2) Lavatories Bathtubs/ Fountain (See
No. Classi
cation Occupancy Description Male Female Male Female Showers Section 410.1) Other
3 Educational E Educational facilities 1 per 50 1 per 50 — 1 per 100 1 service sink
4 Factory and Structures in which
industrial occupants are en

gaged in work fabri
(see Section
F-1 and F-2 1 per 100 1 per 100 1 per 400 1 service sink
cating, assembly or 411)
processing of prod

ucts or materials
5 Institutional I-1 Residential care 1 per 10 1 per 10 1 per 8 1 per 100 1 service sink
Hospitals ambula

1 service sink per
tory nursing home 1 per roomc 1 per roomc 1 per 15 1 per 100
oor
patientsb
I-2 Employees, other
b 1 per 25 1 per 35 — 1 per 100 —
than residential care
Visitors, other than
1 per 75 1 per 100 — 1 per 500 —
residential care
I-3 Prisonsb 1 per cell 1 per cell 1 per 15 1 per 100 1 service sink
Reformitories
detention centers,
I-3 1 per 15 1 per 15 1 per 15 1 per 100 1 service sink
and correctional
centersb
Adult day care and
I-4 1 per 15 1 per 15 — 1 per 100 1 service sink
child care
6 Mercantile Retail stores, service
(see Sections stations, shops,
403.2, 403.4, M salesrooms, mar
1 per 500 1 per 750 — 1 per 1,000 1 service sink
403.4.1 and kets and shopping
403.4.2) centers
7 Residential Hotels, motels,
1 per sleep

R-1 boarding houses 1 per sleeping unit 1 per sleeping unit — 1 service sink
ing unit
(transient)
Dormitories, fraterni

ties, sororities and
R-2 1 per 10 1 per 10 1 per 8 1 per 100 1 service sink
boarding houses
(not transient)
1 kitchen sink per
dwelling unit; 1
1 per dwell
automatic clothes
R-2 Apartment house 1 per dwelling unit 1 per dwelling unit —
ing unit washer connec

tion per 20 dwell

ing units
1 kitchen sink per
dwelling unit; 1
One
and two
family 1 per dwell
automatic clothes
R-3 1 per dwelling unit 1 per dwelling unit —
dwellings ing unit washer connec

tion per dwelling
unit
Residential care/as

R-4 1 per 10 1 per 10 1 per 8 1 per 100 1 service sink
sisted living facilities
8 Storage (see Structures for the
Sections 403.2, storage of goods,
403.4 and warehouses, store

S-2 1 per 100 1 per 100 Section 411 1 per 1,000 1 sink
403.4.1) house and freight
depots. Low and
Moderate Hazard
Source: 2006 International Plumbing Code, Copyright 2006, Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org
a. The xtures shown are based on one xture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated or any fraction of the number of persons indicated. The number of
occupants shall be determined by the International Building Code.
b. Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or patients.
c. A single
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory serving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be permitted where such room is provided with
direct access from each patient room and with provisions for privacy.
d. The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment areas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities required.
20 ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook — Volume 4

Table 1-4 Minimum Plumbing Facilities

Each building shall be provided with sanitary facilities, including provisions for persons with disabilities as prescribed by the Department Having Jurisdiction. For requirements for persons
with disabilities, ICC/ANSI A117.1, Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, may be used.
The total occupant load shall be determined by minimum exiting requirements. The minimum number of xtures shall be calculated at fty (50) percent male and fty (50) percent female
based on the total occupant load.
The occupant load and use of the building or space under consideration shall rst be established using the Occupant Load Factor Table A. Once the occupant load and uses are determined,
the requirements of Section 412.0 and Table 4
1 shall be applied to determine the minimum number of plumbing xtures required.
This table applies to new buildings, additions to a bui ding, changes of occupancy or type in an existing building resulting in increased occupant load (example: change an assembly room
from xed seating to open seating). Exception: New cafeterias for employee use are the only use exempted from this requirement.
14 5, 10 3, 13, 18
Water Closets Urinals Lavatories Bathtubs or Showers Drinking Fountains
Type of Building or Occupancy2 (Fixtures per Person) (Fixtures per Person) (Fixtures per Person) (Fixtures per Person) (Fixtures per Person)
Assembly places – theatres, Male Female Male Male Female
auditoriums, convention halls, 1: 1
15 1: 1
15 0: 1
9 1 per 40 1 per 40
etc. – for permanent employee 2: 16
35 3: 16
35 1: 10
50
use 3: 36
55 4: 36
55 Add one xture for each
Over 55, add 1 xture for additional 50 males.
each additional 40 persons.
Assembly places – theatres, Male Female Male Male Female 1: 1
150
auditoriums, convention Halls, 1: 1
100 3: 1
50 1: 1
100 1: 1
200 1: 1
200 2: 151
400
etc. – for public use 2: 101
200 4: 51
100 2: 101
200 2: 201
400 2: 201
400 3: 401
750
3: 201
400 8: 101
200 3: 201
400 3: 401
750 3: 401
750 Over 750, add one xture for
11: 201
400 4: 401
600 Over 750, add one xture for each additional 500 persons.
Over 400, add one xture lor Over 600, add 1 xture for each additional 500 persons.
each additional 500 males each additional 300 males.
and 1 for each additional
125 females.
Dormitories9 – School or labor17 Male Female Male Male Female 1 per 8 1 per 15012
1 per 10 1 per 8 1 per 25 1 per 12 1 per 12 For females, add 1 bathtub
Add 1 xture for each Over 150, add 1 xture for Over 12, add one fixture per 30. Over 150, add 1
additional 25 males (over each additional 50 males. fo each additional 20 males bathtub per 20.
10) and 1 for each additional and 1 for each 15 additional
20 females (over 8). females.
Dormitories – for staff use17 Male Female Male Male Female 1 per 8
1: 1
15 1: 1
15 1 per 50 1 per 40 1 per 40
2: 16
35 3: 16
35
3: 36
55 4: 36
55
Over 55, add 1 xture for
each additional 40 persons.
Dwellings4 1 per dwelling 1 per dwelling 1 per dwelling
Single dwelling
Multiple dwelling or apartment 1 per dwelling or 1 per dwelling or 1 per dwelling or
house17 apartment unit apartment unit apartment unit
Hospital waiting rooms 1 per room 1 per room 1 per 15012
Hospitals – for employee use Male Female Male Male Female
1: 1
15 1: 1
15 0: 1
9 1 per 40 1 per 40
2: 16
35 3: 16
35 1: 10
50
3: 36
55 4: 36
55 Add one xture for each
Over 55, add 1 xture for additional 50 males.
each additional 40 persons.
Hospitals Individual room Ward 1 per room 1 per room 1 per room 1 per 15012
room 1 per 8 patients 1 per 10 patients 1 per 20 patients
6 12
Industrial warehouses, Male Female Up to 100, 1 per 10 1 shower for each 15 1 per 150
workshops, foundries, and similar 1: 1
10 1: 1
10 persons persons exposed to
establishments – for employee 2: 11
25 2: 11
25 Over 100, 1 per 15 excessive heat or to skin
use 3: 26
50 3: 26
50 persons contain
ination with poison

4: 51
75 4: 51
75 sus, infectious, or irritating
5: 76
100 5: 76
100 material
Over 100, add 1 xture for
each additional 30 persons.
Institutional – other than hospitals Male Female Male Male Female 1 per 8 1 per 15012
or penal institutions (on each 1 per 25 1 per 20 0: 1
9 1 per 10 1 per 10
occupied oor) 1: 10
50
Add one xture far each
additional 50 males.
Institutional – other than hospitals Male Female Male Male Female 1 per 8 1 per 15012
or penal institutions (on each 1: 1
15 1: 1
15 0: 1
9 1 per 40 1 per 40
occupied oor) – for employee 2: 16
35 3: 16
35 1: 10
50
use 3: 36
55 4: 36
55 Add one xture for each
Over 55, add 1 xture for additional 50 males.
each additional 40 persons.
Ofce or public buildings Male Female Male Male Female 1 per 15012
1: 1
100 3: 1
50 1: 1
100 1: 1
200 1: 1
200
2: 101: 200 4: 51
100 2: 101
200 2: 201
400 2: 201
400
3: 201
400 8: 101
200 3: 201
400 3: 401
750 3: 401
750
11: 201
400 4: 401
600 Over 750, add one xture for
Over 400, add one xture for Over 600, add 1 xture for each additional 500 persons.
each additional 500 males each additional 300 males.
and 1 for each additional
150 females.
Ofce or public buildings – for Male Female Male Male Female
employee use 1: 1
15 1: 1
15 0: 1
9 1 per 40 1 per 40
2: 16
35 3: 16
35 1: 10
50
3: 36
55 4: 36
55 Add one xture for each
Over 55, add 1 xture for additional 50 males.
each additional 40 persons.
Chapter 1 — Plumbing Fixtures 21

2
Water Closets14 Urinals 5, 10 Lavatories Bathtubs or Showers Drinking Fountains 3, 13, 18
Type of Building or Occupancy (Fixtures per Person) (Fixtures per Person) (Fixtures per Person) (Fixtures per Person) (Fixtures per Person)
12
Penal institutions – for employee Male Female Male Male Female 1 per 150
use 1: 1
15 1: 1
15 0: 1
9 1 per 40 1 per 40
2: 16
35 3: 16
35 1: 10
50
3: 36
55 4: 36
55 Add one xture for each
Over 55, add 1 xture for additional 50 males.
each additional 40 persons.
Penal institutions – for prison use
Cell 1 per cell Male 1 per cell 1 per cell block oor
Exercise room 1 per exercise room 1 per exercise room 1 per exercise room 1 per exercise room
Public or professional ofces15 Same as Ofce or Public 15 Same as Ofce or Public 15 Same as Ofce or Public 15 Same as Ofce or Public 15
Buildings for employee use Buildings for employee use Buildings for employee use Buildings for employee use
11,
Restaurants, pubs, and lounges Male Female Male Male Female
15, 16
1: 1
50 1: 1
50 1: 1
150 1: 1
150 1: 1
150
2: 51
150 2: 51
150 Over 150, add 1 xture for 2: 151
200 2: 151
200
3: 151
300 4: 151
300 each additional 150 males. 3: 201
400 3: 201
400
Over 300, add 1 xture for Over 400, add 1 xture for
each additional 200 persons. each additional 400 persons.
Retail or Wholesale Stores Male Female Male One for each two 0: 1
3017
1: 1
100 1: 1
25 0: 0
25 water closets 1: 31
150
2: 101
200 2: 26
100 1: 26
100 One additional drinking
3: 201
400 4: 101
200 2: 101
200 fountain for each 150
6: 201
300 3: 201
400 persons thereafter
8: 301
400 4: 401
600
Over 400, add one xture Over 600, add one xture for
for each additional 500 each additional 300 males
males and one for each 150
females
Schools – for staff use All schools Male Female Male Male Female
1: 1
15 1: 1
15 1 per 50 1 per 40 1 per 40
2: 16
35 2: 16
35
3: 36
55 3: 36
55
Over 55, add 1 xture for
each additional 40 persons.
Schools – for student use Nursery Male Female Male Female 1 per 150
1: 1
20 1: 1
20 1: 1
25 1: 1
25
2: 21
50 2: 21
50 2: 26
50 2: 26
50
Over 50, add 1 xture for Over 50, add 1 xture for
each additional 50 persons. each additional 50 persons.
Elementary Male Female Male Male Female 1 per 150
1 per 30 1 per 25 1 per 75 1 per 35 1 per 35
Secondary Male Female Male Male Female 1 per 150
1 per 40 1 per 30 1 per 35 1 per 40 1 per 40
Others (colleges, universities, Male Female Male Male Female 1 per 150
adult centers, etc.) 1 per 40 1 per 30 1 per 35 1 per 40 1 per 40
Worship places educational and Male Female Male 1 per 2 water closets 1 per 150
activities Unit 1 per 150 1 per 75 1 per 150
Worship places principal Male Female Male 1 per 2 water closets 1 per 150
assembly place 1 per 150 1 per 75 1 per 150

Source: 2006 Uniform Plumbing Code, International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
1. The figures shown are based upon one (1)
fixture being the minimum required for the
number of persons indicated or any fraction
thereof.
2. Building categories not shown on this table shall
be considered separately by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.
3. Drinking fountains shall not be installed in toilet
rooms.
4. Laundry trays. One (1) laundry tray or one (1)
automatic washer standpipe for each dwelling
unit or one (1) laundry tray or one (1) automatic
washer standpipe, or combination thereof, for
each twelve (12) apartments. Kitchen sinks,
one (1) for each dwelling or apartment unit.
5. For each urinal added in excess of the minimum
required, one water closet may be deducted.
The number of water closets shall not be reduced
to less than two
thirds (2/3) of the minimum
requirement.
6. As required by ANSI Z4.1, Sanitation in Places of
Employment.
7. Where there is exposure to skin contamination
with poisonous, infectious, or irritating materials,
provide one (1) lavatory for each ve (5) persons.
8. Twenty
four (24) lineal inches (610 mm) of
wash sink or eighteen (16) inches (457 mm) of a
circular basin, when provided with water outlets
for such space, shall be considered equivalent to one
(1) lavatory.
9. Laundry trays, one (1) for each fty (50) persons.
Service sinks, one (1) for each hundred (100)
persons.
10. General. In applying this schedule of facilities,
consideration shall be given to the accessibility
of the fixtures. Conformity purely on a numerical
basis may not result in an installation suited to
the needs of the individual establishment. For
example, schools should be provided with toilet
facilities on each oor having classrooms.
a. Surrounding materials, wall, and oor space to a
point two (2) feet (610 mm) in front of urinal lip and
four (4) feet (1219 mm) above the oor, and at least
two (2) feet (610 mm) to each side of the urinal
shall be lined with nonabsorbent materials.
b. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
11. A restaurant is dened as a business that sells food
to be consumed on the premises.
a. The number of occupants for a drive
in restaurant
shall be considered as equal to the number of
parking stalls.
b. Employee toilet facilities shall not be included in
the above restaurant requirements. Hand
washing
facilities shall be available in the kitchen for
employees.
12. Where food is consumed indoors, water stations
may be substituted for drinking fountains. Offices,
or public buildings for use by more than six (6)
persons shall have one (1) drinking fountain for
the first one hundred fifty (150) persons and
one (1) additional fountain for each three hundred
(300) persons thereafter.
13. There shall be a minimum of one (1) drinking
fountain per occupied floor in schools, theatres,
auditoriums, dormitories, offices, or public
buildings.
14. The total number of water closets for females
shall be at least equal to the total number of
water closets and urinals required for males. This
requirement shall not apply to Retail or Wholesale
Stores.
15. For smaller
type Public and Professional Offices
such as banks, dental offices, law offices, real
estate offices, architectural offices, engineering
offices, and similar uses. A public area in these
offices shall use the requirements for Retail or
Wholesale Stores.
16. A unisex facility (one water closet and one
lavatory) may be used when the customer
occupant load for the dining area, including
outdoor seating area, is 10 or less and the total
number of employees for the space is 4 or less.
17. Recreation or community room in multiple
dwellings or apartment buildings, regardless
or their occupant load, shall be permitted to
have separate single
accommodation facilities
in common
use areas within tracts or multi

family residential occupancies where the
use of these areas is limited exclusively to
owners, residents, and their guests. Examples
are community recreation or multi
purpose areas in
apartments, condos, townhouses, or tracts.
18. A drinking fountain shall not be required in
occupancies of 30 or less. When a drinking
fountain is not required, then footnotes 3,12, and
13 are not applicable.