UUM COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(SZRZ6014)

TUGASAN 5
Disediakan Untuk:
Dr Phat a/l Awang Deng

Disediakan Oleh:
Siti Aslinda Binti Mahat
851654
Kumpulan J1
 Research Methodology SZRZ6014

Product Evaluation

The main aim of this chapter is to discuss the evaluation of the MobiPark developed

the prototype. A usability test is one of the most fundamental methods in usability

evaluation because real test users are asked to use the product and it helps to solve

the problem. The moderator of the test gives predetermined test tasks one at a time

to the test user, who in turn performs the tasks with the user interface (Nielsen,

2006). The users are usually asked to think while doing the test tasks. The non-

formal interview is also often used in order to gain more insight into the user’s action

with the interface.

Product Evaluation Strategy

The evaluation was performed after the system has been developed to determine

the level of usefulness and operability of the system; it is tested through a

questionnaire which was distributed to the public. Each participant was given a brief

description of the functionality of MobiPark. Afterward, they were allowed to practice

and explore the prototype. Finally, were given a set of prepared questionnaire to

obtain their perceptions. The aim was to see the level of satisfaction and perception

of the developed prototype ease of use and operability of the prototype system.

Data Collection Method

The data required include general data on local authorities selected as case studies.

Data to be acquired is a testimony in this study, according to Yin, R.K., (1984). Case

Study Research: Design and Methods. Beverly Hills, Calif: Sage Publications, there

are six sources of evidence can be obtained to conduct a case study, the

documentation, track record, interviews, direct observation, observation, participation

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and physical artifacts. In the authors study, only one type of resources has been

selected to obtain data from the case study, the source documentation.

The method had been used by the researcher is by giving some experience on the

MobiPark system and asking a few questions by using questionnaire. But some of

them did not understand the questionnaire; the researchers take an initiative to make

an interview with them by using the questionnaire as guidelines.

Questionnaire

A questionnaire will be adopted from Davis, F.D. (1989). Perceived usefulness,

perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology: MIS

Quarterly (13:3) to test and evaluate the MobiPark system. After the system, has

been developed, the user evaluation of the prototype was conducted on 150

respondents; each of them was given a brief explanation regarding the usage and

the user interface of the prototype. The questionnaire which consist of two

significant dimensions; perceived of usefulness and perceived ease of use.

The questionnaire has been divided into two parts, the first part is the demographic

questions such as gender and age, and the second part questions to test and

evaluate the 2 main dimensions of the MobiPark system. (For more details see

appendix C)

The test was conducted as “one to one” test where each one fills out the

questionnaire individually after trying to use PBT parking system through mobile.

The respondents were chosen from those who use Majlis Perbandaran Batu Pahat’s

parking lot, Majlis Bandaraya Melaka Bersejarah’s (MBMB) parking lot and

Perbadanan Putrajaya’s parking lot.

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Validity and Reliability

Both validity and reliability were done at Politeknik Merlimau in February 2011, which

consisted of 20 students, 15 men, and 5 women. It was addressed for the usability

evaluation questionnaire. The validity of a questionnaire is the degree to which the

questionnaire is actually measuring or collecting data about what the researcher

thinks it should be measuring or collecting data about. In this study, Cronbach’s

Alpha is used by the researcher to validate the reliability of each variable from the

data collected. Based on the analytical results, the whole reliability data value of this

study is high, 0.97. (As shown in appendix d) Therefore, it can be assumed that the

instrument used in the study have a high-reliability value. While, the analytical result

for each significant dimension will show in table 5.23. Based on the test result,

researchers do not need to improve or get rid of items in the instrument to increase

the reliability value.

Table 5.23
Reliability Test

Variables No. of items Cronbach’s

Alpha

Perceived usefulness 06 0.93

Perceived ease of use 08 0.96

Interview

In addition to questionnaires, information is also obtained by using direct interviews

with selected individuals. This method is carried out for individuals who do not have

the time or understanding to answer questions posed in questionnaires. These

questions are similar to questions in questionnaires.

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The Choice of Data Gathering Technique and Rational

Analysis of these data is using computer software "Perfect Statistic Professionally

Presented (PSPP)” After all the raw data included in the Data View, the results

obtained are shown in tables of frequency, percentage and mean scores. The

results are discussed on the basis of data obtained through the items by the

research questions. This software was chosen because it is simple and easy and

can be used as well as to analyze the data is accurate and easy to understand. This

based Alias Baba (1999), which states that SPSS can be used for various types of

analysis for data processing.

Part A was analyzed using frequency analysis and simple percentage. This method

is used to determine the total percentage of respondent’s surveyed frequency. For

the analysis of the question B, the frequency, percentage and mean score

calculation should be done in advance so that the descriptive analysis can be

performed.

Population and Sampling

The study population consists of consumers who use the parking lot and PBT

officers in Batu Pahat, Malacca and Presint 15, Putrajaya. According to the report

Transport Statistic Malaysia 2010 issued by the Ministry of transport Malaysia, in

table 5.24, registered motorcar vehicle for Johor state are 1,160,041 units. While for

the state of Malacca is 270,143 units and a total of 2,867,830 units for Wilayah

Persekutuan. Below are the details for Transport Statistic for total motor vehicles by

type and state for the year 2010.

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Table 5.24
Total Motor Vehicles by Type and State, Malaysia 2010

Hire &
Motorcycl Goods
State Motorcar Bus Taxi Drive Others Total
e Vehicle
car

Perlis 60,200 17,979 206 196 2 1,826 1,379 81,788

Kedah 683,134 257,193 3,254 3,591 755 35,008 19,209 1,002,144

Pulau
1,124,476 890,652 5,781 3,701 529 62,952 19,140 2,107,231
Pinang

Perak 1,089,128 613,094 4,729 4,355 73 63,303 36,487 1,811,169

Selangor 1,037,498 987,024 7,232 9,593 325 149,805 70,406 2,261,883

Wilayah
2,867,83 18,05
Persekutu 1,349,885 34,142 14,632 204,886 145,787 4,635,212
0 0
an

Negeri
443,358 280,914 2,785 2,080 16 39,923 7,778 776,854
Sembilan

Melaka 368,365 270,143 2,019 1,797 46 24,193 5,865 672,428

1,160,04
Johor 1,414,665 9,982 12,022 114 121,729 49,713 2,768,266
1

Pahang 445,922 305,042 2,050 2,666 16 38,435 13,677 807,808

Terenggan
278,927 158,860 1,131 1,127 17 19,731 7,288 467,081
u

Kelantan 393,690 232,322 2,002 2,044 10 25,889 7,895 663,852

Sabah 204,662 487,510 6,783 5,096 1,233 104,495 53,402 863,181

Sarawak 547,997 586,316 3,145 2,251 532 74,002 55,425 1,269,668

9,114,92 69,14 20,188,56

Malaysia 9,441,907 84,661 18,300 966,177 493,451
0 9 5

Random sampling will be done against the parties involved in the parking lot of local

authorities. Available, there are about 149 PBT in Malaysia including Sabah and

Sarawak. Below are the details:

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Table 5.25
List of PBT in Malaysia

State State Dewan/Majlis Majlis Majlis Total

Code Bandaraya Perbandaran Daerah

01 Johor Darul Takzim 1 6 8 15

02 Kedah Darul Aman 1 3 7 11

03 Kelantan Darul Naim 0 1 11 12

04 Melaka Bersejarah 1 3 0 4

05 Negeri Sembilan Darul 0 3 5 8

Khusus

06 Pahang Darul Makmur 0 3 8 11

07 Pulau Pinang 0 2 0 2

08 Perak Darul Ridzuan 1 4 10 15

09 Perlis Indera Kayangan 0 1 0 1

10 Selangor Darul Ehsan 2 6 4 12

11 Terengganu Darul Iman 1 2 4 7

12 Sabah 1 2 21 24

13 Sarawak 3 2 21 26

14 Wilayah Persekutuan 1 0 0 1

Total 12 38 99 149

Sampling Justification

Respondents selected by the researcher are users PBT parking. It belongs to a

group of users who pay or put a coupon when placing their vehicles and users who

do not pay or do not put parking coupon. Selection conducted on them as to notice

their acceptance of MobiPark system from the existing system. In addition, PBT

officer will be the focus of the researcher because they are carrying out the task of

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ensuring that vehicles user pay the parking or not. If there are vehicles that do not

pay a parking lot, then they have the right to issue a summons.

According to Chua, Y.P. (2006), sampling is the process of selecting a number of

subjects from a population to serve as respondents. In addition, sampling important

in research because of inappropriate use of samples will reduce the validity and

reliability of the study. There are four main factors that affect the size of the sample

of the type of study, type of population, spending, and the scale of measurement. In

this study, the researcher takes a sample of road users and enforcement officers of

local authorities. A number of local authorities in Malaysia is 149, including Sabah

and Sarawak. The total number of outstanding drivers until the year 2012 was about

13,303,843 people. Through Chua Y.P. (2006), the number of samples taken on

Krejcie and Morgan (1970) based on Table 5.26. Having obtained the sample

volume, random sampling is done because a lot of the number of subjects in the

population.

Table 5.26
Sample Size Determination Table Krejcie and Morgan, 1970 (Chua, YP 2006)

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Finding

Respondents’ Information

The following information was gathering from the first section of the questionnaire for

respondents. 58.3 percent of the respondents were male compared to female 41.8

percent. Most of them were aged 26 to 40 years old (43.3%) and obtained at least

the bachelor degree (46.0%). 49.8 percent of the respondents were employed. The

majority of them earned RM2,500 to RM3500 a month.

Table 5.27
Respondents’ profile

Frequency Percentage
(N=400)

A1. Gender:

Male 233 58.3%

Female 167 41.8%

A2. Age:

17-25 years 120 30.0%

26-40 years 173 43.3%

41-55 years 81 20.3%

56 years and above 26 6.5%

A3. Educational level:

SPM 89 22.3%

Diploma 88 22.0%

Bachelor Degree 184 46.0%

Others 39 9.8%

A4. Current employment:

Student 58 14.5%

Employed 199 49.8%

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In a part time job 23 5.8%

Self employed 116 29.0%

Jobless 4 1.0%

A5. Current MONTHLY income:

Below RM 1,000 34 22.7%

RM 1,000 – 2,500 176 117.3%

RM 2,500 – 3,500 149 99.3%

Above RM 3,500 41 27.3%

Mobile Phone Internet Usage Behaviour

Table 5.28 describes the mobile phone internet usage. Most of the respondents

(79.5%) used the internet via mobile phone every day, mostly for the social network

(68.3%). More than half of the respondents spend RM 50 to RM100 a month for

browsing internet via mobile phone. Almost all of the respondents had never used

the similar application before (93.3%).

Table 5.28
Mobile Phone Internet Usage

Frequency Percentage
(N=400)

A6. On an average how often do you browse over the internet via mobile
phone?

Everyday 318 79.5%

Once a week 0 0.0%

A few times a week 45 11.3%

Never 37 9.3%

A7. What do you primarily search for over the internet via mobile phone?

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Shopping 0 0.0%

Social Network 233 58.3%

Entertainment 68 17.0%

Work or Business 2 0.5%

Emails 71 17.8%

Information 26 6.5%

A8. For a MONTH scale, how much are you willing to spend to browse
over the internet via mobile phone?

Below RM 20 131 32.8%

RM 20 – 50 269 67.3%

RM 50 – 100 0 0.0%

Above RM 100 0 0.0%

A9. Do you use a similar application

before?

Yes 27 6.8%

No 373 93.3%

Descriptive Analysis

Given the questions that have answers are designed based on the importance scale

descriptive statistical analysis method is the best method to use to describe the

results easily and accurately.

If frequency analysis is done to find the frequency of the data that happens, then

descriptive statistical analysis seeks to explain the results obtained after the analysis

of the frequency. The explanation is given based on the results of descriptive

analysis mode, median, minimum, maximum and standard deviation.

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Mean and standard deviation are used as the basis for the concept of normal

distribution. Where through the normal distribution, the ratio of good to that person

represents the accuracy of a model can be represented by data trends that

approached min. The normal distribution is usually shown in the form of curves and

histograms for the event.

Descriptive analysis is done to see which factors are at levels (ranked) paramount.

The analysis is based on the highest mean value for each listed. The mean value

obtained for each factor in the following way:

MEAN = Value x Frequency

Number of Respondents

This method can explain where the higher the average score (mean) of a factor, the

more important factor. This method also can compile success factors and

instruments in support of knowledge management facilities management

organization by priority Based on the opinion of the respondents.

i) Perceived Usefulness

The perceived usefulness tested the opinion of respondents on the usefulness of

MobiPark in terms of availability of features. The results are shown in Table 5.29.

The majority of the respondents agreed with all of the statements given.

Respondents were highly perceived that MOBIPARK is useful (mean=4.06), followed

by does everything the expected it to do (mean=4.01) and save time when use

MOBIPARK (mean=3.99)

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Table 5.29
Perceived Usefulness of MOBIPARK

Percentage Mean

1 2 3 4 5

The MOBIPARK is useful. - 7.00 11.75 49.25 32.00 4.06

It saves my time when I use the

- 3.75 24.25 41.00 31.00 3.99
MOBIPARK.

It saves my effort when I use it the

- 6.25 22.50 38.75 32.50 3.98
MOBIPARK

The MOBIPARK gives me more control

- 16.75 21.50 33.00 28.75 3.74
over the activities in my life.

The MOBIPARK makes the things I

- 10.50 23.75 37.25 28.50 3.84
want to accomplish easier to get.

It does everything I would expect it to

- 4.25 23.75 38.50 33.50 4.01
do.

Notes: 1: Strongly Disagree

2: Disagree
3: Neutral
4: Agree
5: Strongly Agree

Perceived Ease of Use

The perceived ease of use measures the opinion of respondents in term of

accessing different features of the system. Descriptive analysis of ease of use is

shown in Table 5.30. Results indicated that all of all the respondents were agreed to

the statements given. The respondents perceived that MOBIPARK is user-friendly

(mean=4.10), followed by simple to use (mean=4.09) and can use without written

communication (mean=4.06).

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Table 5.30
Perceived Ease of Use of MOBIPARK

Percentage Mean

1 2 3 4 5

It is easy to use. - 3. 75 21.75 40.75 33.75 4.04

It is flexible use. - 3.75 22.75 41.00 32.50 4.02

It is simple to use. - 2.50 20.75 41.50 35.25 4.09

It is user friendly. - 2.25 20.50 42.50 34.75 4.10

It requires the fewest steps possible

- 2.00 23.00 41.75 33.25
to accomplish 4.06

I can use it without written

- 2.25 22.25 42.50 33.00
instructions. 4.06

I can recover from mistakes quickly

- 4.50 23.00 42.25 30.25
and easily. 3.98

I can use it successfully every time. - 3.75 24.25 38.50 33.50 4.02

Notes: 1: Strongly Disagree

2: Disagree
3: Neutral
4: Agree
5: Strongly Agree

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Chapter Summary

Mobile commerce is an interesting and challenging area of research and

development. It presents many issues surrounding the consumers and may best be

addressed by an active participation of computer and telecommunications experts,

social researcher, economists and business strategists. Since the area of mobile

commerce is very new and still emerging, several interesting research problems that

is currently being addressed or should be addressed by the research and

development community must be reveal. It is believed that user trust will play a

crucial role in the acceptance and widespread deployment of mobile commerce

applications.

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References

 Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia (2011). Taburan Penduduk Mengikut Kawasan Pihak Berkuasa
Tempatan dan Mukim, 2010: Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Publications.

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Nasional Malaysia Berhad

 Mohd Noor Awang (2003), Car Parking Provision Analysis Based On The Land Use Types For
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 Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa Semenanjung Malaysia (2011), Garis Panduan
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