Experimental Report 2

MEASUREMENT OF MAGNETIC FIELD

INSIDE A SOLENOID WITH FINITE LENGTH
I. Student’s Information

- Full name: Trương Tuấn Minh Verification of the instructors

- Student ID: 20212415
- Class: 723658
- Group: 4

II. Experiment Motivations

- Investigate the magnetic field at a position along the axis of solenoid

- Investigate the relationship between the magnetic field and the current through
the solenoid

III. Experimental Results

1. Investigation of the magnetic field at the position along the axis of solenoid
– B(x)
I = 0.2 (A) U = 3 (V)

x (cm) B (mT) x (cm) B (mT) x (cm) B (mT)

0 0.41 10 0.88 20 0.86

1 0.63 11 0.88 21 0.86

2 0.75 12 0.88 22 0.86

3 0.82 13 0.88 23 0.85

4 0.85 14 0.88 24 0.84

 5 0.86 15 0.88 25 0.82

6 0.86 16 0.88 26 0.81

7 0.87 17 0.88 27 0.80

8 0.88 18 0.88 28 0.74

9 0.88 19 0.87 29 0.67

30 0.46

2. Measurement of the relationship between the magnetic field and the

current through the solenoid – B(I)
x = 15 (cm)

U (V) I (A) B (mT)

3 0.2 0.87

6 0.4 1.79

9 0.6 2.70

12 0.8 3.59

3. Comparison of experimental and theoretical magnetic field

I = 0.4 (A) U = 6 (V)

x (cm) B (mT)

0 0.92
 15 1.79

30 0.95

IV. Data Analysis

1. Investigation of the magnetic field at the positions along the axis of solenoid
1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6
B (mT)

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

x (cm)

30
1
B= ∑ B x =0.81 ( mT )
31 x=0

√∑
30
2
(B x ¿−B)
x=0
ΔB=S . D= ≈ 0.02( mT ) ¿
31

- Vertical error bar = 2 x ΔB = 0.04 (mT)

- Comment: The graph shows that the magnetic field inside a solenoid depends on
the position of the probe inside. The magnitude of the magnetic field increases
from x = 0 to x = 7, and then stable until x = 23, then decrease with exact the same
pace as it increases. The graph is symmetric around the point x = 15 (cm).
2. Measurement of the relationship between the magnetic field and the
current through the solenoid

Graph of the voltage and corresponding magnetic field

4

3.5

2.5
B (mT)

1.5

0.5

0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
U (V)

4
1
B= ∑ B =2.24 ( mT )
4 i=1 i

√
4

∑ ( Bi ¿−B)2
i=1
ΔB=S . D= ≈ 0.50(mT )¿
4

- Vertical error bar = 2 x ΔB = 1 (mT)

Graph of the applied current and corresponding magnetic field

4
3.5
3
2.5
B (mT)

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
I (A)
 3
1
B= ∑ Bi =1.22 ( mT )
3 i=1

√∑
3
( Bi ¿−B)2
i=1
ΔB=S . D= ≈ 0.23(mT )¿
3

- Vertical error bar = 2 x ΔB = 0.46 (mT)

- Comment: The graph shows that the magnitude of the magnetic field and the
voltage has a linear relationship. But in this case, the resistance is unchanged, so
the current also has linear relationship with the voltage. So, we can see that
relationship between the magnetic field and the applied current is also linear.

3. Comparison of experimental and theoretical magnetic field

- We have:
μ0 μ r
B= . I . n0 (cos γ 1−cos γ 2 )
2

- In this case,

µr = 1;
N 750 turns
n 0= = =2500( ); I 0=I √ 2=0.4 √ 2=0.566 (A);
L 300 ×10−3 m

x −L−x D 40
cos γ 1= ; cos γ 2= ; R= = =20 (mm)
√ R +x
2 2
√ R +(L−x)
2 2
2 2

+) x = 0 (cm): cos γ 1 = 0; cos γ 2= -0.998

μ0 μ r 1.256 ×10−6
B= . I . n0 ( cos γ 1 −cos γ 2 )= ×0.566 × 2500× ( 0+0.998 ) =0.86(mT )
2 2

+) x = 15 (cm): cos γ 1 = 0.991; cos γ 2= -0.991

 μ0 μ r 1.256 ×10
−6
B= . I . n0 ( cos γ 1 −cos γ 2 )= ×0.566 × 2500× ( 0.991+0.991 )=1.76(mT )
2 2

+) x = 30 (cm): cos γ 1 = 0.998; cos γ 2= 0

μ0 μ r 1.256 ×10
−6
B= . I . n0 ( cos γ 1 −cos γ 2 )= ×0.566 × 2500× ( 0.998−0 )=0.89( mT )
2 2

4. Comparison between theoretical values and experimental values:

x (cm) Btheoretical (mT) Bexperimental (mT)

0 0.86 0.92

15 1.76 1.79

30 0.89 0.95

V. Comment:

- The result from the experiment is approximately close the theoretical values. The
different due to the uncertainty of the instruments used.