LEARNING

HISTORY
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
Presented by: Klaire Ann A. Flores
 MEANING AND
RELEVANCE OF
HISTORY AND
SOURCES OF
HISTORICAL DATA
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
Presented by: Klaire Ann A. Flores
 INTENDED LEARNING
OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
a. understand the meaning of history as an academic discipline
and to be familiar with the underlying philosophy and
methodology of the discipline;
b. differentiate primary, secondary and tertiary sources of
history, and;
c. appreciate the importance of history in the social and national
life of the Philippines.
ACTIVATE PRIOR
KNOWLEDGE
WHAT IS HISTORY?
• derived from the Greek word “historia” which
means knowledge obtained through inquiry and
investigation
• branch of knowledge that deals with significant
events that happened in the past having a
continuous, systematic narrative of events as
relating to a particular people, country, and period
usually written as a chronological account

“Ang KASAYSAYAN ay SALAYSAY hinggil sa nakaraan o nakalipas na may SAYSAY – kahulugan,

katuturan, at kabuluhan – sa SARILING LIPUNAN at KULTURA o Kabuuang kinabibilangan. Ito ay
inuulat gamit ang mga konsepto at kategorya ng SARILING kultura.” – Zeus A. Salazar (1999)
HISTORY VS PAST VS PRE HISTORY
PAST
• involves everything that ever happened since the dawn of time – every
thought and action of man or woman on earth, every leaf that fell in the
tree, and every chemical change in the universe and others
HISTORY
• is a process of interpreting evidence or records from the past in a
thoughtful and informed way. It is the narrative that gives meaning, sense,
and explanation to the past in the present

PREHISTORY
• the period of human activity prior to the invention of writing systems
 RELEVANCE OF
STUDYING HISTORY
To our
To Ourselves: Communities: To our Future:
1. History nurtures 1. History helps
1. History lays the
personal identity. people craft better
groundwork for
2. History teaches solutions that
strong, resilient
critical 21st century engage citizens.
communities.
skills and 2. History inspires
2. History is a catalyst
independent local and global
for economic
thinking. leaders.
growth.
SOURCES OF
HISTORICAL
DATA
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
Presented by: Klaire Ann A. Flores
 DISTINCTION OF PRIMARY SOURCES
AND SECONDARY SOURCES
SITUATION 1: It was Lean's first day in his first year of college in a big university. His
excitement made him come to class unusually early and he found their classroom
empty. He explored the classroom and sat at the teacher's table. He looked at the table
drawer and saw a book entitled "U.G An Underground Tale: The Journey of Edgar
Jopson and the First Quarter Storm Generation. He started reading the book and
realized that it was a biography of a student leader turned political activist during the
time of Ferdinand Marcos. The author used interviews with friends and family of Jopson
and other primary documents related to his works and life. Is the book a primary or a
secondary source?
SITUATION 2: Jose was exploring the library in his new school in Manila. He wanted to
study the history of Calamba, Laguna during the nineteenth century. In one of the
books, he saw an old photograph of a woman standing in front of an old church, clipped
among the pages. At the back of the photo was a fine inscription that says "Kalamba,
19 de Junio 1861." Is the photograph a primary or a secondary source?
PRIMARY SOURCE VERSUS
SECONDARY SOURCE
PRIMARY SOURCE SECONDARY SOURCE
• Created at the time of an • Created after event;
event, or very soon after sometimes a long time
• Created by someone who after something happened
saw or heard an event • Often uses primary
themselves sources as examples
• Often one-of-a-kind or • Expresses an opinion or
an argument about a past
rare event
• Give firsthand, original, • Provide valuable
and unfiltered interpretation of historical
information events
PRIMARY RECORDS
are not just documents and
written records.

PRIMARY RECORDS
take a variety of formats.

AUDIO IMAGES OBJECTS STATISTICS TEXTS

 PRIMARY SECONDARY
SOURCES SOURCES
minutes of the meeting eyewitness accounts
textbooks government records transcript of records
encyclopedia literary criticism laws and ordinances
diaries and journals photographs recorded speeches
letters biographies
magazine articles about a topic autobiographies
 PRIMARY SECONDARY
SOURCES SOURCES
• minutes of the meeting • magazine articles about a
• diaries and journals topic
• letters • encyclopedia
• government records • textbooks
• photographs • biographies
• eyewitness accounts • literary criticism
• transcript of records • autobiographies
• laws and ordinances
• recorded speeches
Why is it important for us
to consider both primary
and secondary resources
when we look at history?
 SOURCE SCENARIOS
I was watching the
I found a letter to
ESPN and one of My friends and I
one of my friends
the reporters said found an old
in the locker room
he had heard good wedding dress in
after school the
reviews about a our attic. My father
other day. I know
new sports movie. said it belonged to
it's private, but I
When he talks my grandmother.
want to read it!
about the movie, What is the dress?
What is the letter?
what is he?
 SOURCE SCENARIOS
I am writing an
My mom has CDs of
At school we use essay on Martial
my grandparents
textbooks to learn Law for my PH
telling stories about
about the history History class. I
when they were kids.
of the Philippines. used articles from
We love to listen to
When we use Wikipedia and
these at family
textbooks, what another
gatherings. What are
are we using? encyclopedia.
we listening to?
What am I using?
 SOURCE SCENARIOS
When I am doing I like to read When I was at
homework for PH People Magazine. I summer camp a few
Government and I really like the years ago, I found an
read the articles written by arrowhead; I did
commentaries by others about research and found
Supreme Court Hollywood actors. out it has been made
Justices on When I read these by the Cherokee
landmark cases, stories, what am I Indians. What is my
what am I reading? reading? arrowhead?
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
Don't hesitate to ask any questions!