A PROPOSED INSTALLATION OF RAM PUMP IN DARUSALAM, NINOY

AQUINO KALILANGAN, BUKIDNON

A Project Study
Presented to
The Faculty of the Department of Civil Engineering
PHINMA Cagayan De Oro College

In Partial Fulfillment
For the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

by
Recarial, Arjie G.
Espelita, Sharia A.
Naparan, Rica Diane
Averia, Meca D.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING ............................................ 1

1.1 Background of the study ..................................................................... 1

1.2 Theoretical Framework or Conceptual Background .......................... 5

1.3 Statement of the Problem ................................................................... 6

1.4 Objective of the study ......................................................................... 7

1.5 Significance of the study ..................................................................... 7

1.6 Scope and Limitation .......................................................................... 7

CHAPTER 2: A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES ............ 9

2.1 Overview ............................................................................................. 9

2.2 Review ................................................................................................ 9

CHAPTER 3: METHOD OF INVESTIGATION .................................................. 12

3.1 Overview ........................................................................................... 12

3.2 Research Designed…........................................................................ 12

3.3 Research Locale ............................................................................... 13

3.4 Research Instrument ......................................................................... 14

3.5 Research Standards ......................................................................... 14

3.6 Research Analysis ............................................................................ 15

3.7 Variables ........................................................................................... 16

3.8 Expected Output ............................................................................... 17

3.9 Plan of Implementation .................................................................... 18

3.10 Budget ............................................................................................. 19

3.11 References ...................................................................................... 20

 CHAPTER ONE
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

1.1 Background of the study

In 1990’s Sitio Darusalam is called Sitio Ataw-ataw because people there

were pure Lumads who come and go because of peace and order situation. In
early 2000’s a family decided to reside in the area and started planting corn, it
came up to be successful, then another Lumad from other area followed and also
engaged in farming. Ten years later around 30 families build their homes and in
2013 the Sitio was proclaimed as Sitio Darusalam as part of Barangay Ninoy
Aquino of the Municipality of Kalilangan. The Lumad residence embraced Islam
and followed the principles of Quran. Despite of the success of farming in the area
a problem arises because of continuous coming of another Lumads, and sanitation
is one of the major problems because of scarcity of water. The Sitio is located in
the higher portion of the area as Lumads choses to live there. The water sources is
at the lower level of the surrounding area.

The Sitio Darusalam residence are purely IP’s who belong to the poorest of the
poor in our society. Because of the situation the LGU and some NGO’s wanted to
help Lumad people to establish an intervention to the problem. The group decided
to install ram pump to supply water to the households.

Ram pumps have been used to transmit water to a higher elevation for
more than 200 years. It consists of a system with driver and delivery pipes, a
delivery and impulse valve, and an air chamber. The frequent opening and
closing of the valves established a pulsatile flow, which in turn results in pumping
water to a higher level. The goals of this research are to introduce the ram pump
to solve water supply problems in impoverished areas of third-world countries,
and to develop an equation based on experimental data to determine the ram
pump's efficiency. The results are compared with the artificial neural network
(ANN) results. According to the results, the proposed equation is better than the
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ANN to estimate the efficiency of the ram pump. Therefore, the presented
equation is a simple and precise equation, which is recommended to estimate the
efficiency. In this equation, the values of RMSE and R2 are 0.0341 and 0.69,
respectively.

The hydraulic ram is a device (pump) that works without the use of
electricity or fossil fuels and is used for pumping water. The hydraulic ram pumps
water, using the potential energy of the supply. The hydraulic ram was invented
about 200 years ago and has been used to date because it has a simple system
and is inexpensive. Residents of rural to urban migration issues have been the
lack of adequate water supply for drinking, agriculture, and animal husbandry
since the early nineteenth century, which increased the use of the hydraulic ram,
particularly in third-world countries. The use of the ram pump is recommended for
sparsely populated rural areas and poor third-world countries where the
construction of water supply systems is costly. The ram pump takes water from
the source (the source has a head) and pumps it to a considerable height. The
ram pump has two movable valves and an air chamber and pumps water after
intermittent cycles.

In many countries, villages are located near springs. For instance, in East
Nusa Tenggars (NTT) province, Indonesia, almost 70% of the total population
lives upstream, which is the closest source of water. These countries face the
following challenges: [1] There is no electricity, [2] engines are difficult to maintain
and fuel is also scarce, [3] draught animals are scarce, and water lifting is difficult
to apply. The Hydraulic Ram Pump (HRP) overcomes these constraints. [1] It
does not require an energy source, [2] it has a zero to negligible maintenance
cost, [3] it is long-lasting and works when water is available, and [4] it has very
few moving parts, resulting in less friction/wear and tear.

Ram pumps have the potential to meet the needs of people all over the
world and have a global application in irrigation, industries located near rivers,

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and so on. Thus, this paper gives an idea of how to make a hydraulic ramp pump
and its detailed study regarding performance and cost effectiveness.

Figure 1.1 The Ram Pump at the Malinao Kalilangan Bukidnon.

Drawn not to scale

Figure 1.2 The Elevation of Ram Pump Designed by AutoCAD 2021.

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 Kalilangan is a municipality in the landlocked province of Bukidnon. The
municipality has a land area of 251.43 square kilometers, or 97.08 square miles,
which constitutes 2.39% of Bukidnon's total area. Its population, as determined by
the 2020 Census, was 43,711. This represented 2.84% of the total population of
Bukidnon province, or 0.87% of the overall population of the Northern Mindanao
region. Based on these figures, the population density is computed at 174
inhabitants per square kilometer or 450 inhabitants per square mile. The
population of Kalilangan grew from 12,325 in 1970 to 43,711 in 2020, an increase
of 31,386 people over the course of 50 years. The latest census figures in 2020
denote a positive growth rate of 1.05%, or an increase of 2,110 people, from the
previous population of 41,601 in 2015. The household population of Kalilangan,
shown in Table 2.1 of the 2015 Census, was 41,570, broken down into 8,869
households, or an average of 4.69 members per household.

Census date Population Growth rate Number of Average household

households size

1948 Oct 1 – – – –
1960 Feb 15 – – – –

1970 May 6 12,325 – – –

1975 May 1 16,893 6.53% – –

1980 May 1 18,316 1.63% – –

1990 May 1 23,923 2.71% 4,197 5.70

1995 Sep 1 26,973 2.27% 5,012 5.37

2000 May 1 30,592 2.74% 5,873 5.21

2007 Aug 1 36,557 2.49% 7,363 4.96

2010 May 1 39,847 3.19% 8,248 4.82

2015 Aug 1 41,601 0.82% 8,869 4.69

2020 May 1 43,711 1.05% – –
Table 2.1: Philippine Statistics Authority (Projected Population and Household) (1903-2020)

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1.2 Theoretical Framework or Conceptual Background

A ram pump is subjected to this research because of its capability to

deliver water to every household. Through the primary data that will be gathered
on the survey of the random households in the Sitio Darusalam.

General
Assembly

Chairman

Education Secrtetary Auditor Treasurer P.I.O.

Manager

Chief Security
Bookkepper Cashier Plumber

Meter
Reader Billing Clerk Collector Plumber 1 Plumber 2 Plumber 3

1.3 Statement of the Problem

The community with purely IP’s is very prone to pandemic because of

vegetative area, and scarcity of water supply. Through massive examination
regarding the serious problem of water shortage, considering data on finance,
time management, and other factors that affect the condition of the people
living in the community. The propose installation of a ram pump is an effective
intervention to the problem. The characteristics of the ram pump supply water
continuously with a minimal expenditure behind the conclusion.

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1.4 Objective of the study

The main objective of the study is the installation of ram pump to supply water
in Sitio Darusalam, Bukidnon specifically:
1. To supply water to the residents.

2. Affordable and low cost to maintain.

3. Affordable cost of water bill.

4. No additional cost of continuous operation

1.5 Significance of the Study

The study is being proposed because of its sustainable cost and the
maintenance of the system is very easy that a local resident without high
technical skills can also repair. The research is mainly for locally effective
mountain areas, and it helps the household maintain the least cost of the water,

1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study

The research shall be limited to the study area around the municipality of
Kalilangan, which includes namely, Sitio Darusalam, where the propose ram
pump will be installed. Figure 1.3 shows the area around darusalam

Figure 1.3 The Area of the Malinao Kalilangan, Bukidnon

CHAPTER TWO
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 A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

2.1 Overview

In this research, the basic principle behind the proposed installation of

ram pumps is to use the safe water source at the spring along darusalam going
maulawi to pump an adequate amount of water to a high elevation of 75 meters
high and a distance of about 200 meters to the water tank. Typically, the
efficiency of this ram pump is about 57.3% (Shuaibu Ndache Mohammed 2007).
It is found that this investigation was conducted for reliable and sustainable
water.

2.2 The Review

In 2007, Shuaibu designed and fabricated a hydraulic ram pump that is

capable of lifting the water to a depth of 2 m below the surface without any
external energy required. The supply head was 1.5m and the delivery head was
2.87m. The result shows the volume flow rate of the derived pipe and the power
was 4.5238 10-5 m2/s and 1.273 kW, respectively. The efficiency of this water
ram is about 57.3%. The author found that the total cost of the design and
fabrication of the hydraulic ram pump is cheaper than the current pumps. In
addition, the other authors have investigated hydraulic rams with self-built valves
with two sizes of pressure chamber for high water supply. The aim of this
investigation was to construct a reliable and low-cost ram. An efficiency of 44%
was achieved for the performance of the hydraulic ram. However, there was no
significant difference in terms of system efficiency for the design with the large
(3.6l) and medium-sized (2.3l) pressure chambers (33.1% and 32.6%,
respectively). Besides, the result from the previous study shows that the pressure
of the output increases as the drive pipe length increases. The drive pipe length
of 2 meters means the discharge at the outlet is the maximum compared to the
other two cases. This design also

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produces a power of 0.73 kW and an efficiency of 59.5%. Furthermore, Balgude
presented the techniques and guidelines for designing a hydraulic ram pump.
There are three essential factors that need to be considered in order to determine
the quantity delivered by the hydraulic pump. These factors could be represented
by the distance between the heights of the water source and the ram pump level,
the distance between the desired place height and the ram pump, and the volume
of water source, all of which are basic hydraulic ram pump factors. The current
pumping system is powered by household electricity (AC water pump) and the
cost will be increased due to the higher electricity consumption. In some cases, in
the agricultural field, the water needs to be supplied at different heights of trees
and in different places that are far from the water source. Besides, the existing
DC water pump can only pump the water to a height of 1.5 m. Therefore, a water
ram pumping system is proposed to deliver the water at a height greater than 1.5
m.

N. S. M. Hussin et al. conducted an analysis in which it was simulated with

a given model of certain chosen values, attaining an efficiency of 15% with the
chosen values. Khedre et al. wrote a paper in which the working and application
of the hydraulic ram pump were mentioned. Asvapoositkul et al. conducted
experiments with several hydraulic ram pump configurations and plotted graphs
for head ratios, delivery head, and supply flow rate. Mohammad designed and
constructed a hydraulic ram pump and showed an overall efficiency of 57.3%. In a
paper, Mishra et al. explored the effects of water hammering, which gives a
wonderful insight into the phenomenon along with the role it plays in the efficiency
of hydraulic Ram Pump.

There are quite a few compelling examples which are worth mentioning as
some of them are real hydram pumps applied directly in real-world conditions,
helping the locals get clean water or irrigating their crops. while at the same time
dealing with the efficiency and elevation problems. One of the application
examples comes from Intachot, Saehaeng, Max, Müller, & Spreer (2015), who

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conducted a research experiment with a hydram pump in the Northern Thailand
region. They installed one unit of a hydraulic ram at a foothill location at Ban Ha,

He then connected the device to an automatic low-pressure farm irrigation

system, which he used to water a small plot of coffee trees. The hydraulic ram
operated fully automatically over six weeks without maintenance, supplying the
field with enough quantities of water during this period at a pumping efficiency of
44%. Another application example comes from Asmaranto, Widhiyanuriyawan,
and Anwar (2017), who conducted a research experiment in Gunungronggo
Village, located about 15 KM east of Malang City, Indonesia. Topographically, this
area is dominated by hills with a very steep slope and a high rate of rainfall. Thus,
it has the potential to be a quite large water source, and the locals named it
Sumber Jenon. The availability of water discharge in Sumber Jenon is pretty
massive, reaching a number of around 300 liters/second. However, it is still not a
guarantee to provide the locals with clean water, although geographically the
water source is close to the community area. Installations of some simple hydram
pumps here have been able to help the locals fill the reservoir directly from the
water source.

Moreover, there is also a study conducted on the hydraulic ram using a

simulation program called ANSYS CFX. This simulated hydram pump was
designed using CATIA software. Three designs were made and tested in the
experimental study. Results conclude that the best design reached the target
head of 3 m with 15% efficiency and a flow rate of 11.82 liters/min. This study
also found that higher pressure can be obtained by reducing the diameter of the
pressure chamber and increasing the supply head. Finally, there is a new type of
hydram pump that was invented, patented, and crafted in Madagascar. The
invention is called the Raseta pump, based on the name of its inventor,
Rasetarivelo. The quirky difference between this hydramat pump and the
conventional ones is that there is a spring in each of the waste and delivery

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valves. Additionally, the usual air chamber is replaced by a chamber with four
springs.

CHAPTER THREE
METHOD OF INVESTIGATION

3.1 Overview

This chapter shows the details of the study, which serves as

documentation for this research. To provide a clear interpretation to be
accomplished in sufficient detail of the ram pump. The study was required to
proposed installation of ram pump in the stated area

3.2 Research Design

This project study presents an analysis of an existing ram pump. It

provides an assessment of how a ram pump is designed, containing its
characteristics. It shows the layout of the study to clarify and conceptualize the
data. The first part is the data collection that will be used to gather the primary
data. The second part is the primary data consisting of characteristics of the ram
pump, which are water supply, impulse valve, delivery pipe, drive pipe, delivery
valve, and air chamber. The next part is composed of government agencies
around region 10 that relate to water resources through the following
organizations: Bukidnon Local Government Unit, Water District, Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, and National Irrigation Administration. The
formulation of the questionnaire, which is to collect the data from the primary data
to analyze the assessment of the propose installation of ram pump.

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 Formulation of
Questionnaire
Survey

Data Gathering

Primary Data Secondary Data

Physical Operational User

DENR NIA WD LGU Bukidnon
Characteristics Characteristics Characteristics

Ram pump
Factors

Data Analysis

3.3 Research Locale

The research locale of the study is only in the area of darusalam Ninyo
aquino, where the ram pump is to be installed. The main source of the
respondents will be selected using a random sampling procedure for every
household, ranging from the age of 25 and above. The researchers aim to have 1
respondent as a sample for every member of the household. This outdoor data
gathering would be assisted and supervised by our mentor, namely, Engr. Carlo
M. Flores.

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3.4 Research Instrument

The Ram pump assessment will be acquired through the use of the
following: [1] The use of an application to assess the profile of the location,
specifically the total area of the darusalam [2] survey sheets to gather data from
every household member, [3] spreadsheets to tally the result of the survey, [4] the
use of any available visual cameras within the darusalam.. Furthermore, these
instruments will be used to analyze the propose installation of ram pump

3.5 Research Standards

The standard of the study will be based on the given set of standards by
various government offices. The standards include the National Irrigation
Administration (NIA), which has the goal of providing more efficient monitoring,
evaluation, and field inspection/validation of on-going operation and maintenance
to identify the ram pump assessment. The standard regarding water resources is
said to be Bukidnon Local Government Unit (Bukidnon LGU) has a huge amount
for the establishment of a sustainable water system. The designed ram pump as
requested by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) will
be requested through a data request through a letter as the study is required to
be relevant in the environment as the vision of the DENR is to have sustainable
water resources that meet the needs of the people in terms of water supply. The
designed ram pump will be authorized by the Water District where they are the
ones that deliver entities specifically authorized to administer and deliver from
public water resources or water systems.

3.6 Research Analysis

The unit of analysis to be considered for the study is the existing ram pump
in Mallinao Kalilangan The analysis of the supply (Malinao Rural Waterworks and
Sanitation Association Incorporated) will be collective in the ram pump

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assessment. These units are the basis for identifying the potable of the water
supply through ram pump which will undergo analysis.

3.7 Variables

Consumer satisfaction –consumer of the ram pump may save money since
their water bill is lower when they use ram pumps. The ram pump can be
expected to be need by the household that they want to set aside from its water
bill.
Maintenance –ram pump use surface water they will require more regular
maintenance than other systems that use ground water. The water supply needs
to be clean and free of debris that restricts the operation of the valves will cause
the pump to stop operation. Any blockage of the supply or delivery pipelines will
also cause the pump to stop operation. Although ram pumps have only 2 moving
parts (the valves), there are significant pressures due to the “hammer” action. It
is important to regularly check all connections and the pump for any signs of
failure. Operation – The efficiency of water through ram pump could be useful
to this variable that can be sustain water by its practical application or through
the process how can be work.
Quality –a ram pump is kind of water pump that doesn’t need electricity or fuel
to pump water to an elevation higher than its source. Can steels/iron be
extremely strong and high efficiency ram pumps that it can last century but it is
expensive. Welded are the most commonly available manufactured ram pump.
Fitting can be easily done at home but doesn’t last long because the threads and
valve, which are mostly commercial are not designed to withstand high pressure.
Sustainable cost –as a water pumped ram pump is a self-powered renewable,
the running cost is tremendously reduced. The ram pump is introduced low-cost
alternative solution to the more convectional.

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3.8 Expected Output

At the end of the study, it is expected to come up with statistical models

and tables that demonstrate the potable of water supply through ram pump from
the perspective of the public and the standards given by government
organizations. Such models and tables are composed of various pieces of
information taken from the data after being collected from the surveys and
undergoing statistical analysis.

From the research standards that will be derived based on the information
provided, from various formulations and recommendations, a full understanding of
whether the ram pump had sufficient water resources to survive will be created.
These interventions shall be used as the final end product of the study and then
presented to a selected number of representatives in various government offices,
namely, DENR, Bukidnon LGU, Water District, and NIA.

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3.9 Plan of Implementation

Activities Expected Output Month

Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr

A. First consultation
of the study

B. Second consultation of
the study

C. Virtual defense
D. Going-over in Malinao
Kalilangan, Bukidnon
E. Revision of the title
F. Review of Related
Literature
G. Methodology
H. Proposal defense
I. Revision of the paper
J.
K.
L.
M.

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3.10 Budget

Item Specification/Description Unit Cost Total

A. Personal Load and Food (snacks) 450.00 450.00

B. Research Printing and photocopies 91.00 91.00

Materials of papers

(consumables)
C. Research
Equipment and
instruments

D. Service
E. Travel and Fare 1660.00 1660.00
Transportation

F. Indirect cost

Total research project cost Php. 2201.00

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3.11 References

Akshay Kherde, “Research Paper on Hydraulic Ram Pump”, IRE Journal,

Vol.3, Issue.10, p. 282-284, 2020

Asmaranto, R., Widhiyanuriyawan, D., Anwar, M. R., (2017), “IbM (Ipteks

bagi Masyarakat) Pompa Hydram (Hydraulic Ram) Desa Gunungronggo
Kecamatan Tajinan Kabupaten Malang”, Jurnal Teknik Pengairan, Volume 8,
Nomor 1, Mei 2017, hlm 124-129

Asvapoositkul, W., Juruta, J., Tabtimhin, N., Limpongsa, Y., (2019),

“Determination of hydraulic ram pump performance: experimental results”,
Hindawi, Advances in Civil Engineering, Volume 2019, Article ID 9702183. DOI:
https//soi.org/10.1155/2019/9702183

Atharv Dhanwat and Samarth Bansode, “Hydraulic Ram Pump as a Water

Management System”, Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 06, Special
Issue 01, August 2021, pp597-603:

Bosa, I. R., Monaco, P. A. V. L., Haddade, I. R., Barth, H. T., Roldi, V., Vieira, G.
H. S., Neto, A. C., (2019), “Efficiency of Hydraulic Ram Pumps Made with
Alternative Materials”, Journal of Experimental Agriculture International,
31(4):17,2019; Article no JEAI.47167

De Montgolfier, J.M., (1803). "Note sur le bélier hydraulique, et sur la manière

d'en calculer les effets" [Note on the hydraulic ram, and on the method of
calculating its effects] (PDF). Journal des Mines, 13 (73) (in French). pp. 42–51

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Dhaiban, H. T., (2019), “Experimental Study the Performance of Ram Water
Pump”, EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, Number 1.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21303/24614262.2019.00836

Fatahi-alkouhi, R., Lashkar-ara, B., Keramat, A., (2018), “Determine the

Efficiency of Hydraulic Ram-Pumps”, Soil Structure Interaction Journal (SSIJ),
vol.(3). (2018). (pp 54-61)

Hussin, N. S. M., Gamil, S. A., Amin, N. A. M., Safar, M. J. A., Majid, M. S. A.,
Kazim, M. N. F. M., Nasir, N. F. M., (2017), “Design and analysis of hydraulic
ram water pumping system”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 908,
012052. doi:https://doi.org/10/1088/17426596/908/1/012052

Inthachot, M., Saehaeng, S., Max, J. F. J., Müller, J., and Spreer, W., (2015),
“Hydraulic Ram Pumps for Irrigation in Northern Thailand,” Agric. Agric.
Sci. Procedia, vol. 5, pp. 107–114

Matthias I, Suchard S, Johannes F J M, Johannes M and Wolfram S 2015

Hydraulic Ram Pumps for Irrigation in Northern Thailand Agricultural
Science Procedia 6 p 107-114

Nikita Mishra, “Effect of Water Hammering Action on Performance of

Hydraulic Ram Pump”, International Journal of Scientific and Research
Publications, Vol. 8, Issue.12, p. 396-399, 2018

N S M Hussin, “Design and analysis of hydraulic ram water pumping

system”, IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 908 (2017) 012052,
Vol. 908, p. 1-9, 2017

Rajaonison,A., Rakotondramiarana, H. T., (2019), “Theoretical Study of the

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Behavior of a Hydraulic Ram Pump with Spring System”, American Journal of
Fluid Dynamics, Vol. 9 No. 1, 2019, pp. 1-12. DOI: 105923/j.ajfd.20190901.01

Rennie L C and Bunt E A1990 The Automatic Hydraulic Ram Experimental

results Journal of Power and Energy 1990-1996 (vols 204-210) 204 p 23-31

Reza fatahi-alkouhi, babak lashkar-ara & alireza kerama(2015), “DETERMINE

THE EFFICIENCY OF RAM-PUMPS”, Jundi-Shapur University of
Technology, E-proceedings of the 36 th IAHR World Congress, 28 June – 3
July, 2015, The Hague, the Netherlands

Rohan D B, Swapnil P R, Pradeep S B and Manoday R R 2015 Designing of

Hydraulic Ram Pump International Journal of Engineering And Computer
Science 4 p 11966-11971

Sampath S S, Sawan S, Allan M P, Waleed J and Chithirai P S M 2015

Estimation of Power and Estimation of Power and Efficiency of Hydraulic
Ram Pump with Re-circulation System International Journal of
Computeraided Mechanical Design and Implementation 1 p 7-18

Seth J 2013 How to build a Hydraulic Ram Pump LandtoHouse.com

Shuaibu Ndache Mohammed, “Design and Construction of a Hydraulic

Ram
Pump”, Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, Vol. 2007,
Issue.11, p. 59-70, 2007

Soumadeep Chatterjee1, Tanmoy Saha, Soubhonik Banerjee, “Efficiency of a

Working Hydraulic Ram Pump System”, Engineering Services, Vol. 7, Issue. 4,
pp.40-46, December (2020)

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Wanchai Asvapoositkul, “Determination of Hydraulic Ram Pump
Performance:
Experimental Results”, Advances in Civil Engineering, Vol. 2019, p. 1-9, 2019

Whitehurst, John, (1775). "Account of a Machine for Raising Water, executed

at Oulton, in Cheshire, in 1772.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
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