ICM-SU-5140-C.1 - Flow

Onshore, Topsides
ICM-SU-5140-C.1
Process Flow Meters
This document is the confidential property of Chevron U.S.A. Inc. and its affiliates. When made available to
any contractor providing services to Chevron U.S.A. Inc. or its affiliates, the contractor’s use of this
document shall be governed by the confidentiality provisions of the applicable contract or bid package.
Without limiting the foregoing, neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed by the
contractor to any third party, other than an affiliate of the contractor that requires this information for
purposes of the contract with the Chevron entity, without the prior written consent of the Chevron entity that
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Any and all modifications (changes, amendments, etc.) to this document must follow approved
Chevron Engineering Standards governance processes.
Rev. Date Description Author Technology Leader

— 10/07 Initial release. R. Zerda
A 12/08 General revision. R. Griffith R. Zerda
B 10/13 Major revision. Combines the requirements of ICM-DU- Z. Husain K. Mei
5140 and ICM-DU-11.02. Also incorporates the data
sheets and data sheet guide previously published as
ICM-DU-5128.
C 09/18 General revision of content in alignment with the A. Sondhi P. Gomez
simplification process.
C.1 04/19 Technical modification. Clarified accuracy requirements A. Sondhi P. Gomez
throughout specification.
September 2018 © 2007–2019 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential – Restricted Access 1 of 37
Process Flow Meters ICM-SU-5140-C.1
Summary of Changes
Revised technical content may be marked with change bars in the right margin as directed by Author.
The Author denotes the following technical changes to this revision as detailed below:
Author notations regarding this revision
C.1 Title update to “Process Flow Meters” to align with the content.
C.1 Process flow meter performance requirements clarified as Owner defined per application.
C.1 “Flow metering system” section renamed to “Meter Tube and Meter Run” to better align with content.
C.1 References clarified to better align with process metering requirements.
Safety Critical Changes (if applicable) are noted below
N/A
Contents
1.0 Scope............................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Conflict Resolution .............................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Units of Measurement ......................................................................................................... 4
2.0 References ...................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Owner Documents .............................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Industry Codes and Standards ........................................................................................... 5
3.0 Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ 8
4.0 General ............................................................................................................................................ 8
4.1 Purchaser and Supplier Responsibilities ............................................................................ 9
4.2 Changes, Deviations, and Exceptions .............................................................................. 10
4.3 Data ................................................................................................................................... 10
4.4 Materials of Construction .................................................................................................. 10
4.5 Hazardous Area Requirements ......................................................................................... 11
4.6 Output Signals ................................................................................................................... 11
4.7 Electrical Connections ...................................................................................................... 12
4.8 Radio Frequency and Electromagnetic Interference Immunity ......................................... 12
4.9 Local Indicators ................................................................................................................. 12
4.10 Vibration ............................................................................................................................ 12
5.0 Meter Tube and Meter Run .......................................................................................................... 12
6.0 Flow Meters .................................................................................................................................. 13
6.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 13
6.2 Differential Pressure-Type Flow Meters............................................................................ 13
6.3 Variable Area Flow Meters (Rotameters).......................................................................... 25
6.4 Positive Displacement (PD) Flow Meters for Liquids ........................................................ 25
6.5 Positive Displacement Meters for Gas .............................................................................. 26
6.6 Velocity Flow Meters ......................................................................................................... 26
6.7 Mass Flow Measurement .................................................................................................. 30
7.0 Flow Computation and Indication .............................................................................................. 31
8.0 Identification and Marking .......................................................................................................... 32
9.0 Inspection, Testing, and Delivery Requirements ...................................................................... 32
9.1 Quality Assurance Requirements ...................................................................................... 32
9.2 Warranty Requirements..................................................................................................... 33
9.3 Preservation and Shipping ................................................................................................. 33
Appendix A Design of Orifice Meter Runs ......................................................................................... 36
1.0 Scope
This specification covers the minimum technical requirements for the design, selection,
materials, installation, and testing of process flow metering devices and measurement
systems.
For selection and/or application of a measurement device, this specification should be used in
conjunction with the project technical requirements and applicable instrument data sheets.
This specification includes requirements for non-custody transfer applications of liquid and gas
measurement. Custody transfer meter specifications are defined in OGM-SU-5097 (liquid
custody transfer) and OGM-SU-1117 (gas custody transfer).
1.1 Conflict Resolution

Conflicts between this specification, other project technical requirements, and applicable codes
and standards shall be submitted in writing to Owner for resolution.
1.2 Units of Measurement

This specification includes both U.S. Customary (USC) and Metric/International System
(SI) of Units with U.S. Customary units listed first, except in cases in which an exact
conversion is not applicable
Pipe size is specified in both Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) in inches and Nominal Diameter
(DN) with NPS listed first.
Flange ratings are specified as both ASME Class and Nominal Pressure (PN) ratings, with
ASME Class listed first
Observed liquid and gas volumes shall be corrected to the standard/base temperature and
pressure as defined in the contractual agreement or regulatory requirements.
The base conditions in Table 1 shall be used unless a different standard/base temperature
and pressure are specified for the metering system design.
Table 1: Base Conditions

Item U.S. Customary Metric
Base Temperature 60°F 15°C
Base Pressure 14.696 psia (0 psig) or equilibrium 101.325kPa (gauge) or equilibrium
vapor pressure at operating vapor pressure at operating
temperature, whichever is greater. temperature, whichever is greater.
2.0 References
2.1 Owner Documents
COM-SU-202 Materials and Application of Painting and Protective Coatings
COM-SU-4743 External Coatings
FPM-DU-6087 Electrical Area Classification for Class I Areas
ICM-SU-1348 Instrument Control Panels and Enclosures

ICM-DU-5076 Pressure Measurement Criteria
ICM-DU-5080 Temperature Instruments
ICM-DU-5139 Instrumentation and Control System Completion/Installation
ICM-DS-5152-SPI Data Sheets for SmartPlant Instrumentation Forms
ICM-SU-5239 Process Automation System (PAS) Software Configuration
ICM-DU-6003 Instrument Design Basis
ICM-DU-6216 Wireless Instrument Network Design
PIM-SU-2505 Piping Fabrication
PIM-SU-5112 Piping Material Classes and Material Specification for Onshore
PIM-DU-5138 Piping Design
PIM-SU-5300 Piping Material Classes and Materials Specification for Offshore
PPL-SU-6185 Piping Material Classes and Materials Specification for Pipeline
Owner Drawings
[ICM] GB-J1177 Instrument Installation Detail – Differential Pressure Flow Instrument
Installation - Gas Service – Above Tap Flange Connection
[ICM] GB-J1178 Instrument Installation Detail – Differential Pressure Flow Instrument -
Liquid Service – Below Tap Flange Connection
[ICM] GB-J1186 Instrument Installation Detail – Differential Pressure Flow Instrument -
Steam Service - Condensate Pots
ICM-GB-J1232 Instrument Installation Detail - Nameplate and Tag Details
[ICM] GB-J1423 Instrument Installation Detail – Flow Transmitter Remote Mount
Venturi, Cone, or Nozzle Element Liquid Service
[ICM] GB-J1424 Instrument Installation Detail – Flow Transmitter Remote Mount
Venturi, Cone, or Nozzle Element Gas Service
2.2 Industry Codes and Standards

Unless otherwise specified herein, use the latest edition of the referenced documents.
American Gas Association (AGA)

Report 3 Orifice Metering of Natural Gas and Other Related Hydrocarbon
Fluids—Concentric, Square-edged Orifice Meters
Part 2: Specification and Installation Requirements
Report 6 Field proving of Gas Meters using Transfer Methods
Report 7 Measurement of Natural Gas by Turbine Meters
Report 8 Compressibility Factors of Natural Gas and Other Related

Hydrocarbon Gases
Report 9 Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic Meters
Report 10 Speed of Sound in Natural Gas and Other Related Hydrocarbon Gases
Report 11 Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis Meter
American Petroleum Institute (API)

RP 14F Recommended Practice for Design, Installation and Maintenance of
Electrical Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshore Petroleum
Facilities
RP 500 Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical
Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I, Division 1
and Division 2
RP 551 Process Measurement
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS)
Chapter 5, Metering
Section 1—General Considerations for Measurement by Meters
Section 2—Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Displacement
Meters
Section 3—Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meters
Section 6—Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Coriolis Meters
Section 8—Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Ultrasonic
Flow Meters
Chapter 14, Natural Gas Fluids Measurement
Section 3—Orifice Metering of Natural Gas and Other Related
Hydrocarbon Fluids - Concentric, Square-edged Orifice Meters
Part 2 – Specification and Installation Requirements
Section 12- Measurement of Gas by Vortex Meters
Note: API MPMS Chapter 14.3, AGA Report 3, and Gas Processors Association (GPA) 8185
are identical documents. Development of the document was jointly conducted by all
three standards organizations and each organization has the right to the publication of
the document. Technical content and layout of different sections and figures of all three
documents are identical, but each document is published with different cover pages that
identify the publishing organization. Therefore, conformance to any one of these three
standards will result in conformance with the other two standards.
Chapter 22, Testing Protocols
Section 2—Differential Pressure Flow Measurement Devices
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings—NPS 1/2 through NPS 24
Metric/Inch Standard
B16.11 Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded
B16.36 Orifice Flanges

MFC-3M Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using Orifice, Nozzle, and Venturi
MFC-4M Measurement of Gas Flow by Turbine Meters
MFC-5.1 Measurement of Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits Using Transit-Time
Ultrasonic Flow meters
MFC-5.3 Measurement of Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits Using Doppler
Ultrasonic Flow meters
MFC-6M Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using Vortex Flow Meters
MFC-7M Measurement of Gas Flow by Means of Critical Flow Venturi Nozzles
MFC-8M Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits: Connections for Pressure Signal
Transmissions Between Primary and Secondary Devices
MFC-11 Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Coriolis Mass Flow meters
MFC-12M Measurement of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits Using Multiport
Averaging Pitot Primary Elements
MFC-14M Measurement of Fluid Flow Using Small Bore Precision Orifice
Meters
MFC-16 Measurement of Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits with Electromagnetic
Flow meters
MFC-18M Measurement of Fluid Flow Using Variable Area Meters
MFC-19G Wet Gas Flow Metering Guideline
MFC-21.2 Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Thermal Dispersion Mass
Flow meters
PTC 19.2 Pressure Measurement Instruments and Apparatus
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International)

D3951 Standard Practice for Commercial Packaging
American Welding Society (AWS)

D1.1 Structural Welding Code - Steel
The European Gas Research Group (GERG)

TM15 the GERG-2004 Wide-Range Equation of State for Natural Gases and
Other Mixtures
Gas Processors Association (GPA)

8185 Orifice Metering of Natural Gas and Other Related Hydrocarbon
Fluids
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

61000-4-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-3: Testing and
measurement techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic
field immunity test
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

2186 Fluid flow in closed conduits – Connections for pressure signal
transmissions between primary and secondary elements
5167 Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Pressure Differential Devices
Inserted in Circular Cross-Section Conduits Running Full
Part 1: General Principles and Requirements
Part 2: Orifice Plates
Part 3: Nozzles and Venturi Nozzles
Part 4: Venturi Tubes
10790 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits – Guidance to the
selection, installation and use of Coriolis meters (mass flow, density
and volume flow measurements)
15156 Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas
production (Shared publication as NACE MR0175)
17945 Metallic materials resistant to sulfide stress cracking in corrosive
petroleum refining environments (Shared publication as NACE MR0103)
International Society of Automation (ISA)

RP31.1 Specification, Installation, and Calibration of Turbine Flow meters
NACE International
MR0103 Metallic materials resistant to sulfide stress cracking in corrosive
petroleum refining environments (Shared publication as ISO 17945)
MR0175 Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas
production (Shared publication as ISO 15156)
3.0 Acronyms
DP Differential Pressure
ReD Pipe Reynolds Number (where D is internal pipe diameter)
SPI SmartPlant Instrumentation
4.0 General
1. The directions, provisions, and requirements contained herein define the minimum
requirements in workmanship, performance, and quality of materials.
2. Owner shall define the accuracy requirements for the flow meter for the specific
application. Supplier shall provide meter system that meets the accuracy requirements. In
absence of a specifically defined accuracy requirement, a general safety and control

application accuracy of 3% of span or better shall be used.
3. Liquid process meter installation shall comply with API MPMS Chapter 5 or alternate
applicable standards as authorized by the local regulatory agency, with the clarification that
the below-listed elements may not be required to meet accuracy requirements.
a. Temperature, pressure, and density devices and compensation.
b. Flow conditioning.
c. Air eliminators and vents.
4. Gas meter installation shall comply with the requirements of API MPMS 14.3 and AGA 9
or alternate applicable standards as authorized by the local regulatory agency.
5. Flow elements in liquid service shall be installed so that elements are always liquid full and
avoid trapping gases. In gas service, liquid trapping shall be avoided.
Facilities for inspection, verification, and calibration of process flow meters shall be
included as required by Owner.
a. Meter installations requiring interruption of flow to withdraw or replace the primary
element for inspection or re-ranging of the meter shall require acceptance from Owner.
b. Meter installations requiring periodic re-zeroing shall include valving to assure the
meter is fully fluid-filled with a verifiable no-flow condition.
c. Upstream and downstream straight run sections in dirty services shall be flanged to
facilitate removal for cleaning. Pipe flanges and flanged fittings for the metering
system shall conform to ASME B16.5 specification.
Thermowells, if required, shall be located downstream of a primary element or the
measuring section of the meter and located in accordance with ICM-DU-5080.
Flow measurement for safety instrumented systems (SIS) or instrumented independent
protection layers (IPL) shall comply with the requirements in ICM-DU-6025.
Instrumentation completion requirements (installation, commissioning, storage, and
documentation) shall be in accordance with ICM-DU-5139.
4.1 Purchaser and Supplier Responsibilities

The design, type, and construction of process meters and metering systems shall be subject
to Owner review and acceptance.
Supplier shall be solely responsible for providing a flow meter or metering system in
accordance with applicable industry codes and standards, government regulations, and
project technical requirements.
Flow metering equipment ranges, including flow rate, pressure, temperature fluid density,
and viscosity, shall be specified in writing by Supplier.
To assess the risk of cavitation, the Supplier shall specify (in writing) pressure losses across
components.
4.2 Changes, Deviations, and Exceptions

Unless accepted otherwise in writing from Owner, the materials specified in the purchase
order, applicable piping specification(s), and drawings shall be strictly adhered to
throughout the design, purchase, and fabrication processes.
Note: In this specification, any reference to “piping specifications” refers to the

following standards, as applicable.
– SSM-SU-5306.
– PIM-SU-2505.
– SSM-SU-5308.
– PIM-DU-5138.
Exceptions and deviations from the applicable requirements or this specification shall be
noted on the drawings, purchase order, request for quotation, or pertinent documents.
Suggested changes to the specification to improve the installation, operation, or economy
of fabrication at no sacrifice in performance shall be submitted in writing to Owner for
review and acceptance.
4.3 Data
Supplier shall provide final as-built data sheets, drawings, manuals, and other
documentation in accordance with the vital data and documentation (VDD) and project
technical requirements.
The SmartPlant Instrumentation (SPI) Form shall specify minimum data for meter sizing
and design.
Note: For available SPI Forms, see ICM-DS-5152-SPI.
4.4 Materials of Construction

All wetted component materials shall be compatible with the process fluid and piping
material line classes. Wetted parts and housing shall be 316L SS, as a minimum, unless
accepted otherwise by Owner.
Meters shall be suitable for the environmental exposure, including ambient temperature
extremes and external corrosion conditions.
Piping and connections shall be in accordance with PIM-SU-5112, PIM-SU-5300, and
PPL-SU-6185 piping specifications.
Note: If suitable alloy metals are not available, seal pots or diaphragm seals should be
considered for corrosive services.
In applications where hydrogen permeation could occur, the diaphragm shall be made of
hydrogen resistant material or coating (e.g., Hastelloy C-276, Monel material, chromium
oxide, or gold plating).
Mounting hardware shall be 316/316L SS, refer to ICM-SU-5139.
In H2S service, the wetted parts of the transmitters shall be NACE certified, unless process
requires higher grade materials.
For sour service in the presence of chlorine, the material shall be (at a minimum)
Alloy 2507 (Super Duplex) unless the process requires higher grade materials.
For downstream, refining, and chemical facilities, instruments in sour service shall conform
to NACE MR0103/ISO 17945.
For onshore upstream and offshore facilities, instruments in sour service shall conform to
NACE MR0175/ISO 15156.
Material of construction shall comply with the facility’s standard installation details. Any
changes shall require prior written acceptance from the Owner.
4.5 Hazardous Area Requirements

Flow meters and associated instruments that are in classified areas (electrical) in
accordance with API 500 shall be certified for installation in areas by any of the following:
a. Underwriters Laboratories (UL).
b. Factory Mutual (FM).
c. Canadian Standards Association (CSA).
d. Any other Owner-recognized certifying agency that is acceptable for the facility
location.
Note: Refer to FPM-DU-6087 for additional information concerning location

classifications for electrical installations at petroleum facilities.
For uncontrolled environments, the rating of the enclosure shall be NEMA 4X or ingress
protection (IP) 65 equivalent. Refer to ICM-SU-1348 for control panel and enclosure rating
requirements in controlled and uncontrolled environments.
Note: An uncontrolled environment is a partially enclosed or unenclosed area that may

or may not be classified as hazardous, such as process or utility modules on open
decks.
4.6 Output Signals

The type of signal transmission, such as pulse or analog signals, shall comply with project
specifications.
Smart/digital transmitters shall be used. Transmitter output shall be 4-20mA HART or
Foundation Fieldbus, unless otherwise specified on the data sheets.
The transmitter shall meet the following requirements:
a. Have an isolated linearized output of 4-20mA or 4-20mA HART for dP on orifices,
Venturi, nozzles, and other differential producers.
b. Operate over a 24V direct current (DC) (±30 percent) two-wire loop.
c. Have an accuracy of ±0.5 percent of operating span or better, including pressure,

temperature, hysteresis, and power supply effects.
Transmitters shall be provided with zero and span adjustment capability.

The zero output shall be adjustable to a minimum of ±15 percent of the upper range limit.
Wireless transmitters shall meet the protocol and network design requirements for the
facility, as outlined in ICM-DU-6216.
4.7 Electrical Connections

The flow instrument housing shall be supplied with a 1/2 inch (15 mm) or larger female
threaded gland entry.
If the flow instrument enclosure has an electrical compartment with AC power supply, the
electrical connections shall be housed in a compartment separate from that which houses
the electronics. If this is not possible, a signal isolator shall be installed between the
instrument and the process control system.
Note: Refer to RP 14F for information concerning design, installation, and maintenance
of electrical systems for fixed and floating offshore petroleum facilities.
4.8 Radio Frequency and Electromagnetic Interference Immunity

The flow instrument shall be adequately protected against radio frequency interference (RFI)
and electromagnetic interference (EMI) in accordance with IEC 61000-4-3.
4.9 Local Indicators

If a local indicator is required to assist operating personnel, the physical location of the
indicator shall be selected so that it can be read from the intended operator position. If this
requirement cannot be met by a local/built-in indicator, a remote indicator shall be
supplied.
If local indication is required, a loop-powered digital or analog indicator shall be used
unless otherwise specified by Owner. A custom shade shall be installed for LCD type
integral indicators in applications where sunlight makes it difficult to read.
4.10 Vibration
The flow instrument shall not be prone to vibration and shall be installed in accordance
with API RP 551.
Flow element shall be installed to minimize mechanical vibration and stress on the meter
and associated components.
5.0 Meter Tube and Meter Run

Welded joints in the meter tube shall be finished smooth on the inside and shall conform to
the minimum surface roughness tolerance specified for the type of meter.
Unless otherwise specified, the minimum upstream and downstream straight meter run
shall be greater than or equal to the minimum recommended lengths specified by the
industry standard applicable for each meter type. For example, AGA Report 3 (API MPMS
Chapter 14.3) is the applicable industry standard for orifice meter types.
The metering runs shall be straight when bolted together.
Unless specified otherwise, 316 SS three-valve or five-valve manifolds (Anderson
Greenwood or accepted equal) shall be used.
Pressure bleed valves, either in the transmitter body or piping, shall be provided.
6.0 Flow Meters

6.1 General
For selection and sizing of flow meters and related instrumentation, the SPI datasheets in
ICM-DS-5152-SPI shall be populated with the following information:
a. Operating conditions
b. Normal flow rates.
c. Anticipated flow rate range for the meter.
d. Measurement accuracy required for the application.
The calculation methods and tools, and the calculation results shall be subject to Owner
review and acceptance.
a. Flow calculations shall be based on the latest revision of the applicable industry
standard or the method specified by the local regulatory agency.
b. For any other proprietary meter, the manufacturer’s sizing and calculation methods
shall be used.
All volumetric calculations should be reported at base/standard conditions.
Each flow element shall be sized so the anticipated minimum and maximum flow rates
shall be between 30 and 95 percent of the flow meter capacity. Normal flow rate should be
between 70 and 80 percent of the flow element capacity.
Flow switches shall not be used in the system design and shall only be permitted with prior
acceptance by Owner.
The flow meter shall be suitable for the fluid medium regarding corrosion, abrasion,
pressure, and temperature.
6.2 Differential Pressure-Type Flow Meters
6.2.1 General Requirements

The density or the specific gravity of the flowing fluid shall be used to calculate the flow
rate of differential pressure (DP)-type of flow meters. Measurement can be biased with
higher measurement uncertainty if the following occurs:
a. A fixed or assumed density is used to calculate the flow rate.
b. The flowing density changes while the flow rate is monitored.
Note: The error in measurement is a square root function of the ratio of the actual density
to the assumed or fixed density used to calculate the flow rate. For compressible
fluids, if the dimensionless ratio of the DP to the line pressure in absolute scale is
greater than 0.07 and the compressibility factor correction is not implemented, the
flow rate measurement error may be greater than 0.1 percent.
The bore of the flow element of the DP-type flow meter or head-type flow meter shall be
sized to provide non-fractional maximum DP calibration span.
DP flow meters shall not be used in erosive services.
Note: With Owner acceptance, wedge flow elements may be used for corrosive, erosive,
slurry, suspended abrasive solids, and waste water applications.
Orifice, nozzle, and Venturi, calculations shall be in accordance with one of the following:
a. ASME MFC-3M.
b. API MPMS Chapter 5 and Chapter 14.3.
c. ISO 5167.
If the gas composition is known, the gas density and the compressibility factor shall be
calculated by the method defined in any of the following:
a. AGA Report 8.
b. API MPMS Chapter 14.5.
c. GERG TM15.
Local integral display shall not be required for flow meters with native pulse output
(vortex, turbine, etc.).
Refer to ICM-SU-5239-B for differential pressure transmitter square root extraction
requirements in process automation systems.
DP flow transmitter shall meet the pressure measurement criteria in ICM-DU-5076
Note: For pulsating flow and or for control systems with low scan rates, it is
recommended that the DP transmitter extract the square root.
Pressure taps and sensing lines for head-type meters and DP transmitters shall follow the
recommended industry practice defined by ASME MFC-8M, ASME PTC 19.2, API
MPMS 14.3 or ISO 2186. Acceptable alternate impulse line installations are as follows:
a. For clean liquid and heat transfer media service, pressure taps shall be located on the
horizontal side or 45 degrees down from horizontal with impulse lines sloped down to
the transmitter with a minimum 1:12 slope.
Note: Refer to Owner drawing [ICM] GB-J1178.

b. For gas and vapor service, pressure taps shall be located on the vertical from the top,
horizontal, or 45 degrees from vertical with impulse lines sloped up to the transmitter.
c. For steam flow application or flows of condensable vapor at ambient conditions, the
seal pot installation with pressure transmitter below the line, as described in ASME
MFC-8M or ISO 2186 (if applicable), may be installed.
Note: Refer to Owner drawing [ICM] GB-J1186A.

Steam service shall have sensing lines that are at least 24 inches in length. Blowdown legs
shall be provided.
Sensing lines shall be no greater than 25 feet in length. If an application requires sensing
lines to be longer than 25 feet, Owner review and written acceptance shall be required.
6.2.2 Types of Pressure Taps

The paired pressure taps shall be in the same orientation (i.e., the pressure taps shall be inline and
at the same azimuthal location).
6.2.2.1 Flange Taps

The design of flange taps and tap size shall be in accordance with the latest ASME MFC-3M
and ASME MFC-14M standards.
A tapped hole and flange splitting jackscrew shall be provided for flanges larger than
6 inches (150 mm).
Constant-flow purge units shall be provided if plugging of the pressure tap is expected. The
type of purge fluid (i.e., air, gas, steam, or liquid) shall be accepted by Owner.
6.2.2.2 Corner Taps

The design of corner taps shall be in accordance with ASME MFC-3M or ISO 5167.
a. Tap size shall be NPS 1/2 (DN 15) up to an ASME 600 (PN 100) pressure rating.
b. Tap size shall be NPS 3/4 (DN 20) for ASME 900 (PN 150) and ASME 1500 (PN 250)
pressure ratings.
6.2.2.3 Pipe Taps

Use of pipe tap shall require Owner review and written acceptance, as API MPMS and/or
AGA standards no longer address orifice meter with pipe taps.
Pipe taps shall not be used for coking services without written authorization from Owner.
Alternate metering devices should be considered instead of installing pipe-tap orifice flow
meter.
6.2.3 Orifice Meter

Orifice flow elements and installation requirements shall conform to AGA Report 3 or API
MPMS Chapter 14.3. If regulatory agencies in the country of operation require
conformance to ISO standards, the latest edition of ISO 5167 shall be the applicable
standard instead of AGA Report 3.
The minimum pressure rating for an orifice flange shall be ASME 300 (PN 50) and shall be
in accordance with the latest revision of ASME B16.36.
A dual-chamber plate installation orifice (e.g., senior fitting) shall be used when
maintenance or inspection is performed on the meter without shutting down the
flow/bypassing the meter.
Paddle-type orifice plates shall be used with raised-face orifice flanges.
For dual-chamber senior fitting orifice meter, the meter size shall be limited to a maximum
of NPS 12 (DN 300) pipe.
Piping connections for the senior fitting shall be weld neck type for upstream connection
and flanged type for downstream connection.
Flange facings other than the raised-face type shall be used only with Owner acceptance.
Flange type and material shall comply with the Owner pipe specifications.
Orifice flange or orifice fitting bores, or both, shall match the mating piping internal
diameter within the tolerances stated in AGA Report 3, Part 2.
Flange taps shall be used for orifice meters NPS 2 and larger unless otherwise accepted by
Owner.
Gasket thickness shall be specified for flange tap orifice meters.
Orifice flange taps shall be located as follows:
a. On the vertical flange centerlines for top meter connections for gas and steam
applications.
b. On horizontal flange centerlines for side orifice meter connections for clean liquids.
The taps shall be as follows:

a. Located 1 inch (25.4 mm) upstream and 1 inch (25.4 mm) downstream from the
respective face (including gasket thickness) of the orifice plate.
b. In accordance with the tolerance defined in API MPMS, Chapter 14.
Orifice flange tap connections shall be 0.5-inch (15-mm) when used in ASME Class 600
(PN 100) service and below, unless otherwise required by the applicable piping
specification(s).
Orifice flange tap connections shall be 0.75-inch (20-mm) when used in ASME Class 900
(PN 150) service, unless otherwise required by the applicable piping specification(s).
Orifice corner taps shall be used for line sizes less than NPS 2 (DN 50) and shall conform to
the requirements of ASME MFC-14M.
If pipe-tap orifice meter is considered for any application, the taps shall be located
2-1/2 internal pipe diameters upstream and 8 internal pipe diameters downstream of the
orifice plate face. Pipe taps may be used for coking service with Owner acceptance
Minimum straight run pipe length requirements shall be in accordance with one or more of
the following:
a. ISO 5167.
b. ASME MFC-3M.
c. API MPMS Chapter 14.3
d. AGA Report 3.
Although conformance to any one of the standards listed in item 18 meets the requirements
for minimum run pipe length, only AGA Report 3/API 14.3 shall be referenced as the
standard for orifice meters. If there are any differences in requirements among standards,
the preferred requirement shall be specified.
Note: Refer to the following tables in API MPMS 14.3.2:
– Table 7 for orifice meter installation requirements without a flow conditioner.
– Table 8 for orifice meter installation requirements with flow straightener.
The upstream-downstream pair of pressure taps shall conform to the requirements of
AGA Report 3, Part 2.
If the orifice plate sizing dictates a meter run size less than NPS 2 (DN 50), either of the
following shall be used:
a. A honed flow section meter tube with corner taps.
b. An integral orifice.
Connection type (threaded or socket-weld) shall be in accordance with the piping specifications.
Piping design for orifice runs shall meet the following requirements:
a. Orifice meters shall be installed in horizontal runs to minimize measurement
inaccuracies.
b. Vertical orifice runs shall be used only with Owner’s written acceptance.
1) Vertical orifice runs may be preferred for gas stream if entrained condensate and/or
liquids are expected.
2) For vertical run with gas flows, the preferred flow direction should be downward.
Process piping connections shall meet the following requirements:
a. Primary orifice taps shall have a separate isolation (root) valve in addition to any
manifolds.
b. Unused orifice taps shall be plugged in accordance with the piping specifications.
Meter tube pipe and orifice flanges internal dimensional tolerances shall be in accordance
with AGA 3/API MPMS 14.3.
Because of potential leakage, Teflon® sealing rings in orifice fittings shall not be used
without Owner review and acceptance.
6.2.3.1 Concentric Square-Edged Orifice Plate

Unless otherwise specified by Owner, the design and sizing of flange tap concentric square-
edged orifice meters for gas service and recommended beta ratio ranges for measurement
performance shall be in accordance with one of the following:
a. AGA 3, Part 2/API MPMS 14.3.
b. ASME MFC-3M, Part 2.

c. ISO 5167, Part 2.
The ratio of the orifice bore diameter to line diameter (d/D or ß ratio) for orifice plates shall
be between 0.35 and 0.60. For applications where the existing line size or other piping
constraints limit the use of preferred ratio, an extended range of 0.3 to 0.67 may be used
with prior written authorization from Owner.
Note: Extending the beta ratio range will result in higher measurement uncertainty. Refer
to Appendix A for additional orifice meter requirements relative to uncertainty
target.
Orifice plates shall be fabricated in accordance with the requirements and mechanical
tolerances specified by the latest version of the applicable orifice meter industry standards
(API, AGA, ISO, GPA, or ASME).
Note: Unbeveled orifice plates may be installed in process plant applications if the plate
thickness complies with the recommended value in the latest orifice meter standard.
Vent or drain holes in orifice plates shall be used only if accepted in advance by Owner and
all parties involved.
Note: For non-fiscal measurement and process control applications, drain holes may be
required for all wet vapor/gas/steam services for pipe sizes greater than NPS 2
(DN 50).
Unless otherwise required by process service, orifice plate material shall be 316 SS. Other
materials used for orifice plates shall be compatible for the service and application.
The operating range of the DP transmitter shall be within the linear range of the transmitter,
typically 10 – 90 percent of the upper range limit (URL). The effect on the uncertainty of
the DP transmitter for a wider range shall be approved by owner.
Note: The following is an example of the operating range described in item 6, above.
If using a 0 – 250 inches of water column (0 to 62 kPa) range DP transmitter,
the DP operating range should be within 25 to 225 inches of water column
(6 to 56 kPa) (10 – 90 percent of the URL).
The upper range limit of a DP transmitter should follow the requirements of AGA Report 3,
Part 2 Annex E to mitigate plate deflection.
For liquid applications, the maximum DP shall be small enough to prevent flashing or
cavitation across the plate
The handle of paddle-type orifice plates within flanges in insulated lines shall be long enough
for the information stamped on the handle to be clearly visible without removing the insulation.
The following minimum information shall be stamped or etched on the upstream side of the
handle:
a. Orifice plate tag number.
b. Bore diameter.
c. ASME pressure rating.

d. Material type.
e. Vent, drain, or weep hole diameter, if applicable.
For applications where, suspended solids are expected in the flowing fluid, a strainer
located upstream of the meter run should be considered to avoid plugging of orifice or
flange taps.
Supplier shall provide a spare blank orifice plate (blind plate) of each line size
The measured flow rate through an orifice plate with a single DP measuring device shall be
limited to a 3.5:1 turndown.
a. The range of the orifice meter can be increased by installing stacked or multiple-range
transmitters on an orifice meter with computer-controlled auto switching of the
transmitter. This installation shall require prior Owner acceptance.
Differential pressure measurement in stacked transmitter shall not be higher than
100 inches of water column (25 kPa).
Orifice plates shall be sized so that the transmitter range is a round number (e.g., 0 to
35,000 barrels per day [BPD] (5500 m3/day) and not 0 to 34,497 BPD (5484 m3/day).
Orifice plates shall be sized for exact bore and shall be selected so that the normal
operating flow falls as near to 8 on a 0 to 10 square root scale as practical.
Orifice flanges shall be provided by the piping group unless a prefabricated meter run, or
honed meter run is required.
Orifice pressure taps for gas service shall be installed 45 degrees above horizontal.

Orifice pressure taps for liquid and condensable vapor service shall be installed in
accordance with appropriate piping installation defined in ASME MFC-3M.

Pressure taps below the horizontal axis of the pipe shall be avoided for dirty service.
Orifice pressure taps for 300 psi (~20 bar) and higher steam service shall be installed at
45 degrees above horizontal with seal pots.
Note: Refer to Owner drawings [ICM] GB-J1426 and [ICM] GB-J1186.

Selection and installation of seal pot for applications at line pressure below 300 psi
(~20 bar) shall require prior written acceptance from Owner.
Note: Seal pots are generally not required at lower pressures, typically below 300 psi
(20 bar).
Jacking screws shall be provided on lines 6 inches (150 mm) and larger.
6.2.3.2 Quadrant-Edge (Quarter Circle) Orifice Plates—Differential Pressure

Primary Elements
Quadrant-edge orifices shall be used for the measurement of flow in small diameter pipe
with O.D. less than 2 inches (50 mm)
The quadrant-edge orifice plate shall be used for the flow measurement of viscous streams,
especially where the viscosity is high and variable.
The quadrant-edge orifice shall be used when the ReD is expected to be less than 10,000.
6.2.3.3 Segmental Orifice Plates—Differential Pressure Primary Elements

Segmental orifice plates shall be used in in applications where there is entrained liquid (gas
application) or air (in liquid application).
Note: The orifice hole is placed at the bottom for gas service and at the top for liquids
6.2.3.4 Eccentric Orifice Plates—Differential Pressure Primary Elements

Eccentric orifice plates shall be used for the following:
a. Horizontal runs on liquid streams containing considerable amounts of
undissolved gases.
b. Gas streams with relatively large amounts of condensable vapors.
Eccentric orifice plates may be considered for steam lines to turbines to prevent condensate
buildup when the following occurs:
a. Turbine is not in service.
b. It is impractical to install a concentric orifice plate in a vertical pipe run.
6.2.3.5 Conditioning Orifice Plates

Conditioning orifice plates shall either be flow calibrated over the actual operating conditions
or shall be tested in accordance with API MPMS Chapter 22.2 2nd edition or later.
Claims by the manufacturer of any proprietary device being in full compliance with the
requirements of API Chapter 22.2, 2nd edition or later, shall require prior acceptance by
Owner before the device is selected for any application.
6.2.3.6 Integral Orifices

Integral orifices shall be used for the measurement of flow in small diameter pipe with O.D.
less than 2 inches (50 mm).
Process line block and bypass valves and transmitter isolation valves (root valves or
manifold) shall be installed for applications that require servicing while online.
Integral orifice design, in conformance with the requirement of the small-bore orifice meter
design (including straight run requirements) shall comply with the latest revision of API
MPMS Chapter 14.3 and ASME MFC-14M.
6.2.4 Venturi (Classical and Proprietary Designs) Primary Elements

Classical Venturi tubes shall be designed and installed in accordance with ASME MFC-
3M, Part 4
A short-form Venturi tube may be specified with prior Owner acceptance.
Metal-clad Venturi elements require prior Owner acceptance.
Pressure taps for Venturi meters shall be located as per drawings [ICM] GB-J1423 (liquid
service) and [ICM] GB-J1424 (gas service).
Tap size shall be as follows:
a. NPS 1/2 (DN 15) up to an ASME 600 (PN 100) pressure rating.
b. NPS 3/4 (DN 20) for ASME 900 (PN 150) and ASME 1500 (PN 250) pressure ratings.
Flow tubes shall be used where small permanent head loss is required and the space is
insufficient to install the Venturi.
a. The fluid shall not contain suspended solids.
b. The Reynolds number shall be greater than 200,000 for Venturi tube installations
6.2.5 Flow Nozzles

Flow nozzles shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of ISO 5167, Part 3.
Note: A flow nozzle may be used in high velocity applications if installation space is a
constraint, but it may result in a higher permanent pressure loss than a Venturi.
Dahl tube shall not be used, as no reliable and well-documented experimental database is
available.
Unless otherwise required by service application and piping specifications, flow nozzles
shall be designed to bolt between flanges. In high-pressure applications (1000 psig
[70 bar] or higher), the flow nozzle may be welded directly into the pipe.
Tap connections shall be corner taps and installed one inside diameter (1D) upstream and
one-half inside diameter (½D) downstream in accordance with ASME MFC-3M, Part 3.
Pressure taps for flow nozzles shall be located as per drawings [ICM] GB-J1423 (liquid
service) and [ICM] GB-J1424 (gas service). When installing the pressure taps, the
thickness of the gaskets and/or sealing material shall be considered.
Long-radius flow nozzles shall be designed in accordance with ASME MFC-3M, Part 3
and ISO 5167, Part 3.
6.2.6 Pitot Tube/Multiport Averaging Pitot-Type Devices

Note: The pitot-static tube is a self-contained design with two pressure ports. Velocity at any
point of the flow cross-section may be measured by a pitot tube inserted in the pipe
with the opening towards the flow direction. The flow rate is a function of the square
root DP between the stagnation pressure of the pitot tube and the local line pressure.
Multiport averaging pitot-type devices may be used in large-diameter pipeline metering for
applications where low head loss is required, or where exotic materials of construction are
required.
The design and performance characteristics shall conform to ASME MFC-12M.
The minimum rating for a flanged pitot tube connection shall be ASME 150 (PN 20) raised
face flange, unless specified otherwise by Owner.
Minimum size for screwed pitot tube connection shall be NPS 1/2 (DN 15) with 1-1/2-inch
(40 mm) mounting hardware adapter.
Pitot tube’s pressure tap connections shall be NPS 1/2 (DN 15) up to an ASME 600
(PN 100) pressure rating. Tap size shall be NPS 3/4 (DN 20) for ASME 1500 (PN 250)
pressure ratings.
Isolation valves between the process connection and the sensor may be screwed or flanged
type, depending upon process and design conditions. Valve type shall be full bore through-
conduit ball valve.
Pitot tube insertion/removal mechanisms shall be supplied if specified on the instrument
data sheet.
Unless the devices are bidirectional, averaging pitot tube elements shall be permanently
marked to indicate the installation position and flow direction.
If a removable unit is not used, block and bypass valves shall be provided to enable zeroing
or removal of the transmitter from service without interruption of process flow.
If a Pitot alone cannot accurately measure low flow, a combination of Pitot-Venturi meter
types shall be used.
Blowout prevention (i.e., retention chain) shall be required for removable elements. The
manufacturer’s recommendations shall be followed and shall meet piping specifications.
Extra-heavy pitot tubes and/or pitot tubes with opposite-end support shall be used in pipes
larger than 10-inch (250 mm) diameter or where high flow velocity may cause the element
to deflect or vibrate.
a. Manufacturer’s installation recommendations shall be followed.
b. Vibration and stress calculations shall be required in these applications.
For dirty services, flow elements shall be equipped to allow intermittent purging.
6.2.7 Cone Meters

Metering tube and the cone assembly shall only be accepted, if data from the calibration
tests (performed in accordance with API MPMS Chapter 22.2) conform to the requirements
of the application.
Qualification testing and performance assessment shall be as follows:
a. Mandatory for all applications.
b. Performed in a nationally certified flow lab under all expected flow conditions.
c. Subject to review and acceptance by the Owner.
Cone flow elements shall not be used for the following:

a. Wet gas.
b. Condensate.
c. Dirty, abrasive, and multi-phase flow applications.
Note: Refer to ASME MFC-19G for information concerning wet gas flow meters.
Cone flow element runs shall be installed with minimum 10 diameters upstream and
5 diameters downstream.
Calibration tests shall be performed in accordance with API MPMS Chapter 22.2 for the
required accuracy. If the installed upstream or downstream straight run is less than the
minimum required, the meter shall be flow calibrated over the actual Reynolds number
range with actual upstream-downstream piping configuration.
Additional supports for the internal element shall be provided for cone sizes of 3 inches
(80 mm) and larger. The additional supports shall be designed to minimize the following:
a. Flow induced vibrations.
b. Oscillation of the cone or transmitted vibrations to the meter from the operating
equipment.
Additional supports shall be used for applications where the fatigue stress can be
detrimental for structural integrity of the cone support and fabricated cone design.
For cone sizes 16 inches or larger, typical cantilever mounting of the cone shall be
strengthened on both ends of the cone. This strengthening ensures structural rigidity and
avoids fatigue failures of the mount that may result from vibrations and/or oscillation of
the cone.
The Supplier shall provide the following to the end user:
a. A certificate of structural integrity of the cone support.
b. An analytical report of structural strength and natural frequencies of cone assembly.
If the cone shape is formed by using sheet metal supported and connected to fixed end
supports only, the natural frequency of the sheet metal structure shall be analyzed. Plate
thickness shall be minimum 14 gauge.
If required, additional support(s) to the sheet metal shape shall be provided as follows:
a. For added rigidity.
b. To shift the natural frequency of the sheet metal to higher frequency range.
Structural strength analysis of the final design and fabrication drawing of the cone meter
shall be submitted to the Owner for review and acceptance prior to fabrication of the cone
meter.
All welds shall be as follows:

a. Smooth and free of bumps, cracks, or pores.
b. Have a surface roughness better than 250 RMS.
All fabrication welds shall conform to applicable codes and standards, such as AWS D1.1.
Attachment welds to process equipment shall comply with the process design code
requirements.
Note: AWS D1.1 is the American Welding Society’s structural welding specification.
To ensure the concentricity of the cone, the clearance between the cone and pipe wall at
eight (8) equally spaced locations shall be documented.
The recorded clearances for the cone meter, starting with location (measurement point 1)
and direction of measurement (clockwise or counter clockwise), shall be clearly identified
on the following:
a. The downstream flange.
b. The downstream face of the cone.
Note: This allows for performing the identical measurement to verify baseline clearances
or determine whether clearances are unchanged when measured later.
All measured clearances shall be within 1 percent of baseline. Supplier shall clearly specify
the maximum allowable deviation of any of these clearances for flow rate measured by the
cone meter to be within the stated or specified measurement uncertainty of the meter.
Manufacturer shall document the angular alignment between the cone and the pipe axes, as
well as the calculation method and measurement procedure used to determine the angular
alignment. Manufacturer shall clearly document and identify the locations of measurement
necessary to obtain the axial alignment of the cone.
Supplier shall state the maximum allowable misalignment between the pipe and cone axes,
in linear shift and in angular orientation.
Pipe wall surface roughness of the pipe section at the eight (8) locations of measurement of
item 15 shall be measured and recorded on the cone meter data sheet and provided to the
Owner.
6.2.8 Wedge Flow Meters

Owner acceptance shall be required for wedge flow elements to be used in the following
applications:
a. Corrosive.
b. Erosive.
c. Slurry.
d. Suspended abrasive solids.
e. Waste water.
Owner acceptance shall be required prior to designing the wedge meter tube to minimum
upstream and downstream lengths as specified in ISO 5167, Part 2.
Wedge taps shall be 2 inches (5.08 cm) for diaphragm seal transmitter connections.
6.3 Variable Area Flow Meters (Rotameters)

The installation and selection of the variable area flow meter shall comply with the
requirements of ASME MFC-18M.
Variable area meters shall be used for instrument purges, to monitor local cooling water
flows, and to monitor analyzer sample flow rates.
Variable area meters shall not be used on hydrocarbon process streams.
When used in process stream, variable area flow meters shall be armored type and fully
enclosed with a magnetic follower for remote indication.Type of extension selected shall be
suited for service requirements.
Variable area meters shall not be used in piping class higher than 300.
There shall be no upstream or downstream piping requirements for the application of
variable area flow meters.
Variable area flow meters shall be installed in a vertical position and piping configuration
shall conform to manufacturers recommendations.
Variable area flow meters shall be accessible for easy reading and for maintenance or repair.
The capacity of the selected variable area flow meter shall allow the normal flow rate to fall
in the middle one-third of scale range.
For process flows, scales shall be graduated in percent units.
Meter factor for maximum flow at 100 percent shall be engraved on scale.
Direct reading variable area flow meter scales shall be preferred if applicable.
Scales for purge meters shall read in one of the following units:
a. Standard cubic feet per hour (SCFH) of air for gas service and gallons per hour (GPH)
of water for liquid service in U.S. Customary Units.
b. Standard liters per hour (LPH) for gas service and for liquid service, when displayed in
SI units.
Glass tube meters are not preferred and may be used only for air, inert gas, and water
service at temperatures of 400°F (204°C) or less and pressures of 100 psig (~ 7 barg) or less.
For purge meter applications, a check valve (with an integrated needle valve) shall be
installed on the outlet of the meter to prevent backflow.
6.4 Positive Displacement (PD) Flow Meters for Liquids

Positive displacement meters for liquid service shall be installed in accordance with the
requirements of API MPMS Chapter 5 section 1 and 2.
The meter shall be installed so that the fluid passing through it is in a single phase. These
meters are usually limited to low-pressure applications.
A strainer should be installed upstream of the meter. Mesh size for the filter with larger
clearance shall require prior acceptance from Owner.
Flow conditioning or straight meter runs shall not be required with displacement
flow meters.
Meters in line sizes NPS 1-1/2 (DN 40) and above shall be flanged body style. The
minimum rating of flange connections for the displacement flow meter shall be ASME 150
(PN 20) raised face. Couplings, if applicable, shall be NPS 1/2 (DN 15) unless specified
otherwise by Owner.
Meters with replaceable local flow measurement display shall require prior acceptance
from Owner.
Inlet and/or outlet ports shall be clearly marked to indicate proper flow direction.
Following accessories may be used as required by the application:
a. Printing counters for local readout and transfer ticket printing.
b. Electrical pulse generator with an appropriate pulse rate per unit volume. Pulse
generator (totalizer) output shall indicate gross volume, not corrected volume.
c. Dual loading rates or top-off rate controllers.
d. Auto-shutoff valves, backpressure regulators, degassing valves, lubricators etc.
Single case meters shall be used for pressures less than 150 psig (~10 barg) and when there
is no mismatch between the meter diameter and the upstream-downstream pipe diameters.
Dual case meters shall be used for operating pressures of 150 psig (~10 barg) or greater.
Meters in critical service shall be installed with a bypass to ensure uninterrupted flow in the
event the duty meter must be taken out of service (e.g., for maintenance or repair).
6.5 Positive Displacement Meters for Gas

For gas service, positive displacement meters shall only be used when all the following apply:
Pressure service is below 125 psig (~8.5 barg).

The process is insensitive to pulsations.
Flow is compensated by density changes.
6.6 Velocity Flow Meters

Velocity flow meters for high accuracy applications shall be installed per ISA RP31.1
6.6.1 Turbine Meters

Turbine meters shall only be used to measure single phase (liquid or gas) flow.
Liquid turbine meters for clean liquid service shall be installed in accordance with
API MPMS Chapter 5.3 and ICM-SU-5139 unless accepted otherwise by owner.
Gas turbine meters for natural gas service shall be installed in accordance with
ASME MFC-4M or AGA Report 7.
The installation setup shall be designed to avoid creating a pressure drop condition where
the fluid flashes in the meter.
Turbine meters shall be marked to indicate proper flow direction. Unless specified
otherwise, turbine meters in liquid service shall be unidirectional only. If bidirectional flow
measurement is required, a specially designed turbine meter shall be used, and appropriate
piping and valving shall be installed, subject to prior Owner review and acceptance.
Inline-type turbine meters 1 inch (25 mm) and above shall be flanged.
The meter body housing, rotor hubs, blades, and rims shall be minimum 316L SS unless
process fluid requires higher grade materials. Rotor bearings shall be tungsten carbide
unless accepted otherwise by Owner.
Stainless steel turbine meter housings, when applied with weld neck stainless steel flanges,
shall meet the pressure ratings of the associated carbon steel piping.
A strainer should be installed upstream of the turbine meter system. Dual strainers should
be provided if the process flow cannot be interrupted for maintenance. Strainers should be
installed at a manufacturer’s recommended minimum upstream distance to prevent the
distortion of flow profile at the turbine meter.
Meter performance curve for the direction of flow shall be used to determine the flow rate.
Dual-rotor design shall be used for inline gas turbine meters.
Turbine flow meters shall be equipped with preamplifiers that are compatible with the
turbine meter pickup connection and signal. Preamplifiers shall operate on 24V DC.
Use of voltage other than 24V DC requires Owner acceptance.
Field-mounted frequency-to-milliamp converters shall be used to provide 4-20 mA signal
transmissions.
Insertion-type turbine meters shall not be allowed.
6.6.2 Magnetic Flow meters

Electromagnetic flow meters shall be used for electrically conductive liquid applications.
Note: The preferred magnetic meter signal should be DC pulsed type.

Electro-magnetic flow meter shall be installed in accordance with ASME MFC-16.
Note: Manufacturer’s recommendations are generally a minimum of five pipe
diameters upstream and two pipe diameters downstream.
For process fluids that may contaminate the electrodes, field replacement of electrodes shall
be possible without removal of flow tube from the line.
Magnetic flow meters shall always be kept liquid full, including during no-flow conditions.
a. The preferred mounting orientation is horizontal.
b. In a vertical installation, the flow of the process fluid shall be upward.
c. Meter shall alarm on empty pipe.
The flow velocity range for a magnetic flow meter should be between 0.04 and 30 feet
(0.01 to 10 m) per second, except in severe slurry service, where the velocity shall be kept
below 7 feet (2.13 m) per second.
Magnetic flow meters shall be grounded in accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendations. Upstream and downstream grounding rings shall be required for use in
plastic pipes.
Specialized equipment necessary for calibration shall be provided with a meter. A single
calibration equipment kit may be used for multiple meters.
The flow tube, electrodes, and grounding ring shall be minimum 316L SS, unless process
requires higher grade materials.
Note: Magnetic flow meter liners can be easily damaged during installation. Metering
assemblies may be provided with upstream and downstream pipe spool to mitigate liner
damage during installation.
For abrasive fluids, alloy and tungsten carbide electrodes shall be used.
6.6.3 Ultrasonic Flow meters

Multipath ultrasonic flow meter for liquid measurement shall be installed as per
API MPMS Chapter 5.8 or ASME MFC-5.1 (transit time) or ASME MFC-5.2 (Doppler).
The Doppler ultrasonic flow meter shall not be considered for clean liquid and gas
applications.
Note: For Doppler technology to be effective, particle sizes need to be larger than
0.1 × wavelength of Doppler frequency. The presence of a high concentration of
particles can attenuate the transmitted signal to such an extent that the received
signal may be too weak for meaningful measurements.
The biggest drawback of the Doppler method of flow measurement is that in multi-
phase flows, the particle velocity may not be the same as the liquid velocity. This
can result in inaccuracies of up to 10 percent.
Transit time gas ultrasonic flow meter installation, and system design shall conform to the
requirements of AGA Report 9 unless accepted otherwise by owner.
Small line size of NPS 2 (DN 50) and below may have transducer installed in opposing
T-junctions.
Owner authorization shall be required for multipath ultrasonic flow meter with a diameter
of 4 inches (100 mm) or smaller and with fewer acoustic paths and/or duplicated cross-
chordal or cross-diametric acoustic paths.
Ultrasonic flow meters are recommended for flare flow measurement.

Clamp-on ultrasonic flow meters shall require prior acceptance from Owner.
Clamp-on ultrasonic flow meters shall not be used on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or
rubber-lined piping.
Clamp-on ultrasonic flow meters for metallic piping shall use sonic coupling compound,
which shall be compatible with the pipe design temperature.
Flow meters with insertion probes shall have retraction mechanisms to allow in-stream
probe maintenance.
The preferred nozzle orientation shall be in the horizontal plane. Mounting at a 5-degree
angle from pipe vertical centerline shall be acceptable.
6.6.4 Vortex Flow Meters

Vortex shedding-type flow meters shall not be used for applications requiring less than
2 percent measurement uncertainty.
Vortex meters shall not be used in wet gas or wet steam applications, or in any other
two-phase application.
Vortex meters shall be installed in accordance with ASME-MFC 6M or API MPMS 14.12.
Vortex meter for gas service shall be installed so that the meter is self-draining.
Manufacturer shall provide meter factor data that is determined for the actual piping
schedule and flow calibration data. The meter factor as a function of the Reynolds number
or flow rate, established by actual flow calibration of the meter, shall be configured in the
meter electronics.
Welds on mounting flanges shall be ground smooth.
Proper gasket sizing shall be followed to avoid protrusion into the process piping.
Meter temperature limitations can vary widely among manufacturers and shall be
confirmed as appropriate for service conditions.
Manufacturer shall specify the location of the pressure tap (monitoring the line pressure)
used to compute the gas volume flow rate to volume at the base conditions.
In liquid applications, the pressure profile across the vortex meter shall not result in
cavitation under any operating condition.
Supplier shall confirm that the owner-specified minimum fluid velocity exceeds the
minimum measurable flow of the selected meter.
Non-wetted sensors are preferred and shall be replaceable during operation.
For critical applications, flow meters shall be equipped with two independent sets of
sensors and electronics.
Flow direction shall be permanently marked on the meter body.
The inside diameter of the vortex-shedding meter shall be matched as closely as possible to
the adjoining process pipe inside diameter.
Vibration effects in high-velocity streams shall be addressed during the design.
Isolation and bypass valves shall be required for meters in critical service applications.
6.7 Mass Flow Measurement
6.7.1 Coriolis Meters
Note: Coriolis meters can measure mass flow rate of any single-phase fluid. Coriolis flow
meters are suitable for both liquid and gas service. In practice, they are used for gases
with mass flow rates typical of a liquid that is achieved with high line pressures or high
flow velocities, or both.
The meter installation, design parameters, and performance characteristics shall conform to
the requirements of any of the following:
a. ASME MFC-11.
b. API MPMS 5.6.
c. AGA Report 11.
d. ISO 10790.
Coriolis flow meters shall not be used for steam service or in lines with low frequency
vibration.
The meter shall be sized so that the maximum pressure drop at the design flow rate is
within the allowable limits of the process.
Coriolis meters shall be factory calibrated to a certified weight and the manufacturer shall
provide the meter factor data.
Meter shall be checked for zero and recorded with actual fluid at no flow conditions to account
for any composition, temperature, or pressure changes beyond manufacturer’s specifications.
The installation of the meter shall allow zero-calibration of the meter in service.
The pipe support design shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations to
minimize vibration and ensure proper performance.
Manufacturer’s recommendation for the minimum flowing density of gas shall be followed.
Mass flow meters shall be installed so that the meter is self-draining in gas applications.
The meter shall be sized so the maximum full-scale flow rate is in the upper one-third of
the meter range, unless pressure drop considerations require a larger meter.
6.7.2 Thermal Mass Flow meters

Thermal mass flow meter installation, piping configuration, and performance evaluation
shall conform to the requirements of ASME MFC-21.2 and manufacturer’s
recommendations.
Note: Although thermal mass flow meters are generally used in gas applications, they can
also be used in the measurement of very low liquid flows, typically 30 GPH
(115 LPH).
Insertion flow measurement devices are recommended in flare systems containing dirty gas.
Sensors shall be installed so that they can be withdrawn for cleaning while in operation.
Thermal mass flow meters of the insertion probe type shall be safely retractable.
Thermal mass flow meters shall be applied only where the product thermal conducting
properties are well-known and constant, and for high accuracy in air or gas for low-head,
high-volume applications.
Sensor stress analysis shall be performed for each probe under all possible flow scenarios,
to ensure that mechanical integrity is maintained.
The thermal mass flow meter material shall be 316L SS unless process requires higher
grade materials.
The sensor assembly shall be placed with the sensing elements across the cross-sectional
center of the process pipe or duct.
In large pipes, the sensing elements shall extend at least 2 3/8 inches (60 mm) into the
process. The sensor head shall not touch the wall of the pipe.
In larger pipe sizes, where accuracy is a requirement, multiple sensors shall be considered.
Note: Refer to Table 2.
Table 2: Sensors
Pipe Size No. of Sensors/Probes
Nominal 8–18 inches (203.2–457.2 mm) pipe 2 sensors, 1 probe
Nominal 18–24 inches (457.2–609.6 mm) pipe 4 sensors, 1 probe
Nominal 24–36 inches (609.6–914.4 mm) pipe 4 sensors, 2 probes
Nominal 36–40 inches (914.4–1016 mm) pipe 8 sensors, 2 probes
7.0 Flow Computation and Indication

The type of flow computation device (e.g., Process Automation System based or flow
computer) shall be in accordance with project specifications.
Flow rate and volume determination shall be calculated in accordance with applicable
API MPMS standards or alternate applicable standards.
At Owner’s request, the meter interface shall provide the same input to the central control
room as the input to the local flow controllers, recorders, and indicators (e.g.,
serial/ethernet, Modbus, 4-20 mA).
Digital indicators shall be used instead of analog indicators.
Flow computation devices shall read all inputs and compute all factors and volumes at a
frequency specified by the Owner.
8.0 Identification and Marking

Instruments shall be either stamped or provided with a permanently attached 316 SS tag
engraved with characters 1/4 inch (6 mm) tall. The following information shall be provided.
a. Manufacturer and equipment identification number.
b. Model number and serial number.
c. Operating range.
d. Type of material of parts exposed to process fluid.
e. Pressure and temperature rating of pressurized parts.
f. Voltage and frequency requirements, if applicable.
Instrument tags shall comply with [ICM] GB-J1232 and have a stainless-steel wire.
Exceptions to the above shall be permitted only where physical limitations apply, such as
on paddle-type orifice plates. Owner authorization for exceptions shall be required.
9.0 Inspection, Testing, and Delivery Requirements

9.1 Quality Assurance Requirements
Quality assurance provisions shall be in accordance with the project technical requirements
and this specification.
The flow meters covered in this specification shall be assembled by Supplier.
Abnormalities discovered during inspections shall be repaired to the satisfaction of, and at
no additional cost to, the Owner.
Supplier’s quotation price shall include provision for free and unrestricted access (by
Owner or its designated representative) to the work throughout the course of construction.
The quotation price shall also include shop support for testing.
Extra testing due to defective work shall be free of charge to Owner.
The responsibility for inspection shall rest with Supplier. Owner shall reserve the right to
inspect or test the equipment at any time prior to shipment to ensure that the following are
in accordance with the applicable codes and this specification:
a. Material.
b. Workmanship.
c. Equipment.
d. Components.
e. Supplier’s testing.
Supplier shall provide equipment required to perform full testing of the equipment prior to
delivery.
A copy of test results shall be provided to Owner.
9.2 Warranty Requirements

Supplier standard warranty conditions shall apply, and, in addition, the warranty shall cover
faulty workmanship or materials for a period of 36 months after the date of shipment from
Supplier’s premises.
Warranty shall cover the complete flow meter including electronics.
Warranty claims shall result in either repair or replacement at the discretion of Owner.
Transport costs associated with warranty claim item shall be for Supplier’s account.
9.3 Preservation and Shipping
9.3.1 General
Supplier shall be solely responsible for the adequacy of the preparation for shipment
procedures. Shipment procedures shall be in accordance with ASTM D3951.
Supplier shall submit preparation for shipment procedures to the Owner for the Owner’s
review prior to shipment.
Winter-proofing and weather protection shall be defined by the Owner and in compliance
with Owner requirements.
The impulse legs of DP transmitters to head-type flow meters shall require appropriate
freeze protection.
Supplier shall be responsible for protecting the equipment provided under this specification
from the effects of weather and shipment.
Equipment damaged in shipment shall be repaired or replaced by Supplier at no additional
cost to Owner.
The entire unit shall be completely covered with two layers of polyethylene plastic sheeting
(or Owner-accepted equivalent), and spaces shall be filled with polystyrene chips, beads, or
pieces, depending on the volume to be filled.
The completed package shall be clearly marked and identified with the following
information:
a. Equipment description.
b. Purchase order and requisition numbers.
c. Equipment identification number.
d. Instrument tag number.
e. Facility name and location.
f. Supplier and Owner contact person and details.
g. Terminology
9.3.2 Rust Prevention

Equipment shall be completely dry inside and out prior to any shipping preparation.
Silicone gel-type drying agent in bags shall be installed in large cavities to absorb moisture
and shall be attached so that they are accessible.
Openings shall be capped, as taping alone is not adequate.
a. Flanged openings shall be provided with standard blind flanges or full-size steel
closures of 3/16-inch (4.8 mm) minimum thickness with full face rubber gaskets and at
least four full diameter bolts.
b. Larger diameter flanges (10 inches or 254 mm and above) shall have 3/8-inch thick
(9 mm), full-size steel covers with full-face rubber gaskets and one full-size bolt in
every other hole. A rust inhibitor shall be applied to all flange faces.
Those openings that require rust preventive shall be suitably tagged to indicate the type of
the rust preventive used.
Materials and application of painting and protective coatings shall be in accordance with
COM-SU-202 and COM-SU-4743.
9.3.3 Packing
Equipment shall be packed, securely anchored, and weather protected for the shipment
method called for in the purchase order. Bracing, supports, and rigging connections shall be
provided to prevent damage during transit, lifting, or unloading.
Equipment shall be fully assembled. Any separate, loose parts or spare parts shall be boxed
and individually protected.
Each individual container shall be marked both inside and outside with the equipment
number and service for which each part is intended.
a. Each separate part shall bear an identity tag.
b. In addition, each box shall include a complete bill of material identifying each part.
Equipment containing insulating oils, glycol solutions, or other fluids shall be suitably
labeled to indicate the nature of contents and shipping/storage precautions.
Tapped openings in hydrocarbon service shall be plugged using solid steel threaded plugs
with a 1 1/4-inch (32-mm) extension in accordance with ASME B16.11.
Orifices and openings, threaded joints, and electrical/instrument termination chamber
openings shall be protected or sealed with suitable plugs or caps. Damage to meter tubes
internal faces shall be avoided.
Supplier shall ensure that the equipment is packaged to meet ocean transport requirements.
Shock at 3g (g = acceleration due to gravity) and possible seawater contamination shall be
expected.
Components that could be damaged during shipment or storage shall be removed and
packaged separately.
The flow meter shall be sealed shut and encased in a plywood or strong cardboard
box/crate, dictated by mass and size.
9.3.4 Long-Term Storage

Supplier shall protect all equipment for storage in the specified environment for 18 months.
Supplier shall provide a procedure for maintaining equipment protection throughout this
storage period.
The flow meter and flow metering systems shall be stored by Supplier after inspection and
before delivery at no extra cost to Owner.
Throughout the storage period, Supplier shall be completely responsible for the equipment
provided under this specification.
The entire unit shall be completely covered with two layers of polyethylene plastic sheeting
(or Owner-accepted equivalent) and spaces shall be filled with polystyrene chips, beads, or
pieces, depending on volume to be filled.
The completed package shall be clearly marked and identified with the following
information:
a. Equipment description.
b. Purchase order and requisition numbers.
c. Equipment identification number.
d. Instrument tag number.
e. Facility name and location.
f. Supplier and Owner contact person and details.
g. Terminology
Appendix A Design of Orifice Meter Runs

Table 3 lists requirements for the design of orifice meter runs. These can be modified by engineering
judgment, provided the overall metering performance meets the designated meter classification. Owner
acceptance shall be required when deviations are needed. See the notes at the end of Table 3.
Table 3: Flange Tap Orifice Meter Run Requirements for Rate Measurement
Uncertainty 1% 2% Not Designated (9)
Orifice run (1) tolerance Per API MPMS Chapter Per API MPMS Chapter
14.3, Part 2 14.3, Part 2
Straight run – upstream and Based on beta = 0.75 Based on beta = 0.75 Based on beta = 0.75
downstream
Orifice plate specifications Per API MPMS Chapter Per API MPMS Chapter Per API MPMS Chapter
14.3, Part 2 14.3, Part 2 14.3, Part 2
Static pressure tap location High side flange tap (low High side flange tap High side flange tap if
side if per contract) required
Temperature measurement 5D to 12D downstream of 5D to 12D downstream of 5D to 15D downstream of
location the orifice (2) orifice (2) orifice (2) if required
Design requirements
Range of beta 0.35 to 0.6 0.35 to 0.6 0.35 to 0.65
Pipe Reynolds number (ReD) ReD > 20,000 ReD > 10,000 ReD < 10,000
minimum
Pipe Reynolds number (ReD) ReD > 100,000 ReD > 50,000 ReD < 10,000
at mid DP flow (3)
Liquid, vapor, gas
Rangeability or turndown (4) 3 to 1 4 to 1 10 to 1
flow rate
Differential pressure range 9 to 1 16 to 1 100 to 1
(10)
Orifice run insulation 50D upstream of orifice to As required by process As required by process
1D downstream of
temperature element or
densitometer connection
Transmitters
Flow (DP) – Mfr-stated ±0.10% of span or better ±0.15% of span ±0.15% of span
accuracy at calibrated span
Differential limit, gases As high as 4 inches of As high as 4 inches of 5.5 inches of water
water column per psia water column per psia column per psia (0.2 kPa
(~0.15 kPa per kPa) of (~0.15 kPa per kPa) of per kPa) of line pressure,
line pressure, if the line pressure, if the if the process permits
process permits process permits
Max. nominal differential (6) 0–20 to 0–250 inches of 0–10 to 0–400 inches of 0–10 to 0–400 inches of
water column (0–1.37 kPa water column (0–0.7 kPa water column (0–0.7 kPa
to 0–62 kPa) to 0–100 kPa) to 0–100 kPa)
Maximum density 1.5% 2.0% 4.0%
uncertainty
Density tolerance (5) (8) Usually compensation Compensation often Compensation often
required required required
Uncertainty 1% 2% Not Designated (9)

Temperature element Calibrated platinum RTD Platinum RTD Thermocouple or RTD if
temperature correction
required
Temperature-controlled Often required (7) Generally, not required (7) Not required
instrument housing
Flow computation Flow computer, process Flow computer, PCS, or PCS
control system (PCS), or process computer
as required by contract
NOTES:
1. Orifice runs are designed to satisfy appropriate run specification and the governing piping codes.
2. Orifice runs with nominal pipe size of 2 inch (DN 50 mm) or smaller can have the temperature sensor located
10 to 25 pipe diameters downstream of the orifice.
3. Mid DP flow is defined as the flow rate at which the DP is 50 percent of the calibrated span for the transmitter.
4. Maximum range ability based on stated accuracy DP transmitters. Use of digital or multiple transmitters may
exceed these limits.
5. The following fluid density is a function of the pressure, temperature, and composition of the fluid. The density
can be determined by direct measurement or can be calculated from the pressure, temperature, and
composition.
6. 0 to 100 inches of water (0 to 20 kPa) is the preferred starting design point.
7. The inaccuracy of the transmitters is also a function of the ambient temperature, including exposure to sun and
rain. This has a large effect on each measurement. Housing for the transmitters is preferred. Shield or open-
sided housing may be required to meet uncertainty 1 and 2 percent.
8. Pressure and temperature measurement used for flow compensation should be capable of limiting the density
uncertainties sufficiently to meet the required flow meter performance classification.
9. The uncertainty of measurement can range from 5 to 10 percent or even greater. Limited or no testing validation
exists for possible installation and operational combinations. Measurement is influenced by variation in process
conditions away from design if uncompensated. Operating near multiple requirement limits—e.g., beta at 0.67
and Reynolds number at 10,000 and DP at 5.5 inches per psia (20kPa per bar)—may result in measurement
bias errors of greater than 10 percent for portions of the measurement range.
10. Insulating the orifice run is not always necessary and depends on the fluid and the stream condition. The ideal
insulation for condensable flow stream is for the insulation to extend 1D beyond the downstream of the
thermowell.

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Onshore, Topsides

Rev. Date Description Author Technology Leader

Author notations regarding this revision

Safety Critical Changes (if applicable) are noted below

1.1 Conflict Resolution

1.2 Units of Measurement

Table 1: Base Conditions

ICM-SU-1348 Instrument Control Panels and Enclosures

2.2 Industry Codes and Standards

American Gas Association (AGA)

Report 8 Compressibility Factors of Natural Gas and Other Related

American Petroleum Institute (API)

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

B16.36 Orifice Flanges

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International)

American Welding Society (AWS)

The European Gas Research Group (GERG)

Gas Processors Association (GPA)

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

International Society of Automation (ISA)

absence of a specifically defined accuracy requirement, a general safety and control

4.1 Purchaser and Supplier Responsibilities

4.2 Changes, Deviations, and Exceptions

Note: In this specification, any reference to “piping specifications” refers to the

Note: For available SPI Forms, see ICM-DS-5152-SPI.

4.4 Materials of Construction

4.5 Hazardous Area Requirements

Note: Refer to FPM-DU-6087 for additional information concerning location

Note: An uncontrolled environment is a partially enclosed or unenclosed area that may

4.6 Output Signals

c. Have an accuracy of ±0.5 percent of operating span or better, including pressure,

Transmitters shall be provided with zero and span adjustment capability.

4.7 Electrical Connections

4.8 Radio Frequency and Electromagnetic Interference Immunity

4.9 Local Indicators

5.0 Meter Tube and Meter Run

6.0 Flow Meters

6.2 Differential Pressure-Type Flow Meters

6.2.1 General Requirements

b. The flowing density changes while the flow rate is monitored.

Note: Refer to Owner drawing [ICM] GB-J1178.

Note: Refer to Owner drawing [ICM] GB-J1177.

Note: Refer to Owner drawing [ICM] GB-J1186A.

6.2.2 Types of Pressure Taps

6.2.2.1 Flange Taps

6.2.2.2 Corner Taps

6.2.2.3 Pipe Taps

6.2.3 Orifice Meter

The taps shall be as follows:

6.2.3.1 Concentric Square-Edged Orifice Plate

b. ASME MFC-3M, Part 2.

c. ASME pressure rating.

Note: Refer to Owner drawing [ICM] GB-J1177.

Note: Refer to Owner drawing [ICM] GB-J1178.

Note: Refer to Owner drawings [ICM] GB-J1426 and [ICM] GB-J1186.

6.2.3.2 Quadrant-Edge (Quarter Circle) Orifice Plates—Differential Pressure

6.2.3.3 Segmental Orifice Plates—Differential Pressure Primary Elements

6.2.3.4 Eccentric Orifice Plates—Differential Pressure Primary Elements

6.2.3.5 Conditioning Orifice Plates

6.2.3.6 Integral Orifices

6.2.4 Venturi (Classical and Proprietary Designs) Primary Elements

6.2.5 Flow Nozzles

6.2.6 Pitot Tube/Multiport Averaging Pitot-Type Devices