Chapter Ten

Recreation, Attractions, and Clubs

I. Chapter Objectives
After reading and studying this chapter, the student should be able to do the following:
1. Discuss the relationship of recreation and leisure to wellness.
2. Explain the origins and extent of government-sponsored recreation.
3. Distinguish between commercial and noncommercial recreation.
4. Name and describe various types of recreational clubs.
5. Identify some of the major attractions in the United States.
6. Describe the operations of a country club.

II. Key Teaching Elements/Chapter Outline/Lecture Suggestions

Object.
Recreation, Leisure, and Wellness
The need to develop the wholeness of the person has become 1
increasingly important. Compared to a generation ago, the stress levels
of business executives are much higher. The term burnout—and
indeed the word stress—has become a part of our everyday vocabulary
only in recent years. Recreation is all about creating a balance, a
harmony in life that will maintain wellness and wholeness.

Recreation allows people to have fun together and to form lasting 1

relationships built on the experiences they have enjoyed together. This
recreational process is called bonding.

The word recreation implies the use of time in a manner designed for 1
therapeutic refreshment of one’s body or mind.2 Recreation is
synonymous with lifestyle and the development of a positive attitude.

Leisure is best described as time free from work, or discretionary time.

Some recreation professionals use the words leisure and recreation
interchangeably, while others define leisure as the productive, creative,
or contemplative use of free time.

Government-Sponsored Recreation
Various levels of government that constitute government sponsored 2
recreation are intertwined, yet distinct, in the parks, recreation, and
leisure services. The founding fathers of America said it best when
they affirmed the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in
the Declaration of Independence

Government raises revenue from income taxes, sales taxes, and 2

property taxes. Additionally, government raises special revenue from

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recreation-related activities such as automobile and recreational
vehicles, boats, motor fuels, transient occupancy taxes (TOTs) on hotel
accommodations, state lotteries, and others.

Recreation and leisure activities are extremely varied, ranging from 2

cultural pursuits such as museums, arts and crafts, music, theater, and
dance to sports (individual and team), outdoor recreation, amusement
parks, theme parks, community centers, playgrounds, libraries, and
gardens.

Recreation professionals face a number of political and legal concepts. 2

Comprehensive planning, land classification systems, land-use
planning, funding, and differences in purpose are among the factors to
be considered (See text page 430 for a full list).

National Parks in the United States

The United States has designated 407 national park units throughout 2
the country, including a rich diversity of places and settings. The
National Parks Service was founded in 1916 by Congress to conserve
park resources and to provide for their use by the public in a way that
leaves them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations

The ever-expanding mandate of the Parks Service also calls for 2

understanding and preserving the environment. It monitors the
ecosystem from the Arctic tundra to coral atolls, researches the air and
water quality around the nation, and participates in global studies on
acid rain, climate change, and biological diversity.

The system’s current roster of 407 areas covers more than 80 million 2
acres of land. Annual visitation to the National Park system
approaches 300 million visitors. Today, emphasis is placed on
preserving the vitality of each park’s ecosystem and on the protection
of unique or endangered plant and animal species.

National Park Management

The National Park Service is in the Department of the Interior and is 2
overseen by a director who reports to the Secretary of the Interior.
There are 407 National Parks divided into seven regions. The Director
of the National Park Service establishes and approves service-wide
natural resource policies and standards.

The National Park Service budget for 2014-15 is $3 billion, and it 2

employs a staff of 22,000. Beyond these appropriated funds, the
National Park Service is also authorized to collect and retain revenue
from specified sources: Recreation fees: approximately $172.9 million

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per year; Park concessions franchise fees: approximately $60 million
per year; Filming and photography special use fees: approximately
$1.2 million per year; Additional funding comes from individual
donations.

Public Recreation and Park Agencies

By the early 1900s, fourteen cities had made provisions for 2
supervised play facilities, and the playground movement gained
momentum

About the same time, municipal parks were created in a number of 2

cities. Boston established the first metropolitan park system in 1892. In
1898, the New England Association of Park Superintendents
(predecessor of the American Institute of Park Executives) was
established to bring together park superintendents and promote their
professional concerns.

Commercial Recreation - Attractions

Recreation management came of age in the 1920s and 1930s when 3
recreation and social programs were offered as a community service.
College degrees began to be offered in recreation management. Both
public and private sector recreation management have grown rapidly
since 1950.

Commercial recreation, often called eco- or adventure tourism, 3

provides residents and visitors with access to an area’s spectacular
wilderness through a variety of guided outdoor activities. Specifically,
commercial recreation is defined as outdoor recreational activities
provided on a fee-for-service basis, with a focus on experiences
associated with the natural environment. Commercial recreation
includes theme parks, attractions, and clubs.

Theme Parks
Knott’s Berry Farm has truly been a great influence on the American 3
theme park industry. Hundreds of parks, both independent and
corporate owned, started to develop following the birth of Knott’s

Size and Scope of the Theme Park Industry

Theme parks create an atmosphere of different places and times and 3, 5
usually concentrate on a dominant theme. Architecture, landscaping,
shows, and merchandise are all focused on the theme. Examples of
theme parks are Sea World and Busch Gardens.

Theme parks and attractions vary according to theme, which might 3

be historical, cultural, geographical, and so on. Some parks and

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attractions focus on a single theme, such as the marine zoological Sea
World parks. Other parks and attractions focus on multiple themes,
such as King’s Island in Ohio, a family entertainment center

Walt Disney: A Man with a Vision

Walt Disney said that Disneyland really began when he took his two 5
young daughters to the park. He felt there should be some kind of
family park where parents and children could have fun together.

Mickey and Minnie Mouse first appeared in Steamboat Willie, which 5

also incorporated music and sound, on November 18, 1928. Huge
audiences were ecstatic about the work of the Disney Brothers, who
became overnight successes. During the next few years, Walt and Roy
made many Mickey Mouse films, which earned them enough to
develop other projects, including full-length motion pictures in
Technicolor.

Both Walt Disney World and Disneyland have excellent college intern 5
programs that enable selected students and faculty to work in a variety
of hotel, foodservice, and related park positions.

Magic Kingdom
The heart of Walt Disney World and its first famous theme park is the 5
Magic Kingdom. It is a giant theatrical stage where guests become part
of exciting Disney adventures. It is also the home of Mickey Mouse,
Snow White, Peter Pan, Tom Sawyer, Davy Crockett, and the Swiss
Family Robinson

More than forty major shows and ride-through attractions, not to 5

mention shops and unique dining facilities, fill its seven lands of
imagination.

Epcot
Epcot is a unique, permanent, and ever-changing world’s fair with two 5
major themes: Future World and World Showcase. Future World
shows amazing technology for the near future. Around the World
Showcase Lagoons are pavilions where guests can see world-famous
landmarks and enjoy native foods, entertainments, and culture.

Disney’s Hollywood Studios

With fifty major shows, shops, restaurants, ride-through adventures, 5
and backstage tours, Disney’s Hollywood Studios (formerly Disney–
MGM Studios) combines real working motion picture, animation, and
television studios with exciting movie attractions

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Walt Disney World the most popular destination resort in the world. 5
Since its opening in 1971, millions of guests, including kings and
celebrities from around the world and all eight U.S. presidents in office
since the opening (excluding President Obama), have visited the parks.

Universal Studios
Universal Studios Hollywood has been giving guided tours on its 5
famous movie sets for almost forty years, and tens of thousands of
people visit Universal every day.23 Since its founding, Universal
Studios has become the most formidable competitor facing the Walt
Disney Company.

In addition to its Hollywood and Orlando parks, Universal has since 5

expanded into Singapore and Japan. Future locations are planned for
Dubai, United Arab Emirates and Seoul, South Korea. One reason for
Universal’s success is its adaptation of movies into thrill rides; another
is its commitment to guest participation

Sea World Parks and Entertainment

SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment includes Busch Gardens and is a 5
division of Blackstone Group. The animal parks not only offer guests
from around the world the opportunity to see and experience the
wonders of many marine and land animals, but they also have highly
developed educational programs

The company is dedicated to preserving marine life. It uses innovative 5

programs to research various wildlife dilemmas. It also participates in
breeding, animal rescue, rehabilitation, and conservation efforts
throughout the year

Hershey’s
It was at the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago that 5
Hershey first became fascinated with the art of chocolate. He opened
his new establishment in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and named it the
Hershey Chocolate Company. In the 1900s, the company started to
produce mass quantities of milk chocolate, which resulted in
immediate success.

In 1907, Milton Hershey opened Hershey Park as a leisure park for 5

employees of Hershey’s company. He wanted to create a place for his
employees to relax and have some fun when they were not on the job.
The park was small and simple, offering employees a place to picnic,
canoe, and walk around the beautifully landscaped grounds. In 1908,
the park started its soon-to-be huge expansion with the addition of a
merry-go-round

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In 1971, the park underwent redevelopment to turn the small regional 5
park into a large theme park. In addition, the company decided to add a
one-time admission fee to eliminate the pay-as-you-ride policy and
changed its name from Hershey Park to Hersheypark. Today, the park
sits on more than 110 acres and is the home of more than sixty rides
and attractions

Regional Theme Parks

The Florida Attractions Association, founded in 1949, is a trade 5
association representing 90-plus family-oriented attractions, including
astronaut, historical, cultural, military, and scientific museums;
botanical gardens; castles; collections of the unique and different;
dinner entertainments; dolphin and marine parks; exhibitions of
alligators, lions, monkeys, parrots, butterflies, and manatees; Native
American villages; musical entertainment complexes; sightseeing
trains, cruises, and boat tours; state parks; theme parks; towers; water
parks; and zoological parks.

Dollywood, owned by Dolly Parton and located in the Great Smoky

Mountains in Tennessee

Legoland, Owned by Lego Group with four locations in England,

Germany, California and Denmark

GatorLand, a 110 acre theme park and wildlife preserve located in

Florida

Wet’n Wild, a chain of water parks in Florida and North Carolina

Animal Attractions
Zoos
Approximately 181 million people visit a U.S. zoo every year. The 5
first zoo in the United States was the Philadelphia Zoo, built in 1859.
Even today, zoos are extremely popular in the United States and
Canada, and almost every major city has one

San Diego Zoo, California

The world-famous San Diego Zoo is located in historic Balboa Park in 5
downtown San Diego, California. Founded in 1916 by Dr. Henry
Wegeworth, the zoo’s original collection totaled 50 animals. Today, it
is home to over 4,000 animals of more than 800 different species. The
zoo also features a prominent botanical collection with more than
700,000 exotic plants

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 The National Zoo
The National Zoological Park in Washington, D.C., is part of the 5
respected Smithsonian Institution. More than 2,000 animals from
nearly 400 species make their home in this zoo

Aquariums
Aquariums are attractions that provide thrilling educational 5
experiences to millions of tourists each year. They are also multi-
million-dollar showpieces, displaying creatures vastly different from
us who dwell on land

Historic Places and Sites

The first sites visited in recorded history were the Seven Wonders of 3
the ancient world, which included the Great Pyramid of Giza (Egypt),
the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (modern-day Iraq), the Statue of
Zeus at Olympia (Greece), the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (modern-
day Turkey), the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (modern-day Turkey),
the Colossus of Rhodes (Greece), and the Lighthouse of Alexandria
(Egypt).

Historic places, sites, and museums are a part of what is now called 3
heritage tourism. Heritage tourism has gained prominence in recent
years, particularly with baby boomers and older adults.

The National Register of Historic Places is the United States’ official 3

list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects worthy of
preservation. The more than 85,000 listings represent significant icons
of American culture, history, engineering, and architecture

Consider the following for a look at a few of the most important 3

U.S. historical attractions: Monticello, the Alamo, the French Quarter
in New Orleans, The Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Site in
Atlanta, The Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, The Freedom Trail in
Boston, and the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia

Museums
Some experts have speculated that people visit museums because of 3
some innate fascination with the past and with diverse cultures.
Nobody knows for sure, but it is a fact that the number of museums in
the United States has more than quadrupled since 1950. There are
many types of museums, including general, art, science and
technology, natural history, history, and military

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 The Smithsonian Museum
This well known institution now holds almost 140 million artifacts, 3
works of art, and specimens and is visited by more than 30 million
people a year

The Field Museum, Chicago

The Field Museum, founded in 1893 in Chicago, is a “unique 3
institution of public learning that utilizes its collections, researchers,
exhibits, and educational programs to increase public knowledge . . . of
the world.”

Performance Arts
Theaters once were immensely important. In a time before people had 3
access to modern inventions like radio or television, books and theater
were the only entertainment available. Theater is no longer attractive
only to the upper classes; affordable prices make it reasonable
entertainment for almost anyone.

Destinations
Some destinations are major attractions in themselves. 3

Athens, Greece
Athens, the capital city of Greece, is one of the world’s oldest cities— 3
the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy.
Classical Athens was a powerful city-state, a center for the arts,
learning, and philosophy, and home of Plato’s Academy and
Aristotle’s Lyceum

London
London was once the center of an empire that included approximately 3
one quarter of the globe. The name suggests history, pageantry,
royalty, theater, shopping, museums, music, fashion, and now even
food. London has several interesting areas such as Chelsea and the
River Thames and Hampstead on the hill with its quaint pubs and row
houses

Paris
Paris is a city of beautiful buildings, boulevards, parks, markets, and 3
restaurants and cafés. Paris began as a small island called Île de la
Cité, in the middle of the River Seine. In time, Paris grew onto the Left
Bank (Rive Gauche), where the University of the Sorbonne was
founded. The university provided instruction in Latin, so it became
known as the Quartier Latin, or Latin Quarter

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 Rome
They say, “All roads lead to Rome.” Rome, the Eternal City, also 3
called the “Cradle of Civilization,” is built on seven hills beside the
Tiber River, with centuries of history that seem to exude from every
building

Managing Attractions
Theme park managers use the same main management functions 3, 5
(planning, including forecasting; organizing; decision making; and
controlling)

Planning involves all types of planning that fall under two headings: 3, 5
strategic (long term) and tactical (short term).

Decision making can be quick and easy for the many programmed 3, 5
decisions—decisions that occur on a regular basis

Controlling is constantly checking to make sure that the results were 3, 5

what they should be

Attractions management is all about keeping the quality of product and 3, 5

guest service at the highest levels. It boils down to revenue minus
expenses equal net profit.

Clubs
Private clubs are places where members gather for social, recreational, 4, 6
professional, or fraternal reasons. Members enjoy bringing friends,
family, and business guests to their club. Their club is like a second
home, but with diverse facilities and staff to accommodate the
occasion

Many business deals are negotiated on the golf course. A few years 4, 6
ago, country clubs were often considered to be bastions of the social
elite. Historically, the ambiance of these clubs attracted
the affluent

New clubs are born when a developer purchases a tract of land and 4, 6
builds a golf course with a clubhouse surrounded by homes or
condominiums. The homes are sold and include a membership to the
club. After all the homes are sold, the developer announces that the
golf course and clubhouse will be sold to an investor who wishes to
open it to the public

Size and Scope of the Club Industry

There are a few thousand private clubs in North America, including 4, 6

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both country and city clubs. When the total resources of all the clubs
are considered, such as land, buildings, and equipment, along with
thousands of employees and so forth, clubs have billions of dollars of
economic impact.

Club Management
Club management is similar in many ways to hotel management, both 4, 6
of which have evolved in recent years. The general managers of clubs
now assume the role of chief operating officer, and in some cases chief
executive officer of the corporation

The main difference between managing a club and managing a hotel is 4, 6

that with clubs the guests feel as if they are the owners (in many cases
they are) and frequently behave as if they are the owners. Another
difference is that most clubs do not offer sleeping accommodations.

Club members pay an initiation fee to belong to the club and annual 4, 6
membership dues thereafter. Some clubs also charge a set utilization
fee, usually related to food and beverages, which is charged regardless
of whether those services are used.

Club Management Structure

The internal management structure of a club is governed by a 4, 6
constitution and bylaws. The members elect the officers and directors
of the club. The officers establish policies by which the club will
operate. Committees also play an important part in the club’s activities.

The president presides at all official meetings and is a leader in 4, 6

policymaking. Committees play an important part in the club’s
activities.

The basic level of competency required of a general manager or COO 4, 6

is management of club’s operations, which includes private club
management, food and beverage, accounting and financial
management, human and professional resources, building and facilities
management, external and governmental influences, management,
marketing, and sports and recreation (see Figure 10–1; page 441).

The second tier of the model is mastering the skills of asset 4, 6

management. Today’s general manager or COO must be able to
manage the physical property, the financial well-being, and the human
resources of the club.

The third and final tier of the new model is preserving and fostering 4, 6
the culture of the club, which can be defined as the club’s traditions,
history, governance, and vision.

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Types of Clubs
Country Clubs
Nearly all country clubs have one or more lounges and restaurants, and 3, 4, 6
most have banquet facilities. Members and their guests enjoy these
services and can be billed monthly. The banquet facilities are used for
formal and informal parties, dinners, dances, weddings, and so on, by
members and their personal guests

Country clubs have two types of memberships – full and social. Full 3, 4, 6
members are able to use all of the facilities at all times. Social
members are able to attend only social facilities.

City Clubs
City clubs are predominantly business oriented, although some have 4
rules prohibiting the discussion of business and the reviewing of
business-related documents in dining rooms. They vary in size,
location, type of facility, and services offered. Some of the older,
established clubs own their own buildings; others lease space. Clubs
exist to cater to the wants and needs of members. Clubs fall in the
following categories; professional, social, athletic, dining, university,
military, yachting, fraternal, and proprietary.

Professional clubs are for people in the same profession. Social clubs 4
concentrate on serving the social needs of members who are from
similar socioeconomic backgrounds. Athletic clubs provide an outlet
for working out, dining, and meeting. Some have sleeping quarters.

Dining clubs are usually located in large office buildings. University 4

clubs are reserved for alumni. Military clubs cater to both non-
commissioned officers (NCOs) and enlisted officers. Fraternal clubs
include many special organizations such as the Veterans of Foreign
Wars, Elks, and the Shriners.

Proprietary clubs are operated on a for-profit basis. They are operated 4

by corporations or individuals. People wanting to become members
purchase a membership, not a share in the club.

Sustainable Golf Course Management

The golf course industry recognizes sustainability as it is referenced by 6
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the United Nations,
which indicates that it is “meeting the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.”

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Sustainable practices include the following; reducing energy during 6
peak times, holding departments accountable for energy consumption,
and recycling

Golf course facilities are prime candidates for reducing or reusing 6

waste: As landfill disposal costs rise, recycling becomes even more
important. Golf courses can improve their sustainability by improving
grass and plant selection and by using well water and organic
fertilization

Noncommercial Recreation
Noncommercial recreation includes voluntary organizations, campus, 3
armed forces, and employee recreation, as well as recreation for
special populations.

Voluntary Organizations
Voluntary organizations are nongovernmental, nonprofit agencies, 3
serving the public-at-large or selected elements with multiservice
programs that often include a substantial element of recreational
opportunities. Examples include: Boys Scouts, Girl Scouts, YMCA,
and YWCA.

A multipurpose club has more exclusive recreation programs than a 3

health club. Some clubs offer automatic bank tellers, laundry and dry
cleaning services, and other services.

Revenues come from membership fees, food and beverage sales, 3

facility rentals, etc. Human resources account for 66% of expenses at
most clubs.

Campus, Armed Forces, and Employee Recreation

Campus Recreation
North America’s colleges and universities provide a major setting for 3
organized leisure and recreational programs with services involving
millions of participants each year. The programs include involvement
by campus recreation offices, intramural departments, student unions,
residence staffs, or other sponsors

The various recreational activities help in maintaining good morale on 3

campus. Some use recreational activities such as sports or orchestras or
theater companies as a means of gaining alumni support

Armed Forces Recreation

The Department of Defense has an official policy regarding the 2, 3
obligation of maintaining well-rounded morale, welfare, and

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recreational programs for the physical, social, and mental well-being of
its personnel.

These services are provided under the auspices of the Morale, Welfare 2, 3
and Recreation Program (MWR). Recreation is seen as an important
part of the employee benefit package for military personnel, along with
the G.I. bill, medical service, commissaries, and exchanges.

Employee Recreation
Businesses and industry have realized the importance of promoting 2, 3
employees’ efficiency. Experts have found that workers who spend
time in constructive recreational activities have reduced absenteeism.
Many leading corporations have recreation and wellness programs.

Recreation for Special Populations

Recreation for special populations involves professionals and 3
organizations that have a responsibility for serving groups such as the
mentally ill, mentally retarded, or the physically disabled.
The Special Olympics is an international program of physical fitness, 3
sports training, and athletic competition for children and adults with
mental disabilities. The program accommodates competitors at all
ability levels.

The National Recreation and Parks Services, as well as state and local 2, 3
agencies, work closely with Special Olympics.

Trends in Recreation and Leisure

Trends include the following: Advancements in Rides and attractions,
more fitness centers, reinvestment leading to increased competition,
blurring the lines in product development for theme parks, custom
VIP experiences, shopping entertainment parks, and national and state
parks investing in infrastructure to become a destination for events.

III. Teaching Techniques/Classroom Exercises

Note: The content of some of these exercises is such that they may also be used as essay
questions.

Exercise One:
Have students identify recreational facilities/locations in the area. Which are federal,
state, and locally managed? What are the fees charged for public use at each? What
services are provided? Have students compare and contrast various facets, including
funding, staffing, and seasons of operation.

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Exercise Two:
Send students on a “Club Scavenger Hunt.” Ask them to gather information from
interviews with local business people, club operators, and/or the library.

Exercise Three:
Facilitate opportunities for students to complete a recreation-oriented community
service project at a local service agency – for example, a craft activity at a nursing home
or after-school program, coaching a local softball team, and/or volunteering at a Special
Olympics event.

Check Your Knowledge, p. 429

1) Question: Discuss the relationship of recreation and leisure to wellness.
Answer: Recreation is defined as therapeutic refreshment of one’s mind and body,
or lifestyle. Leisure is simply time away from work, or discretionary time.

Check Your Knowledge, p. 433

2) Question: Name a few parks in the United States and in Canada. What are some
characteristics that make the parks you named special?
Answer:
U.S. National Parks:
1. Yellowstone National Park
2. Yosemite National Park

Canada:
1. Banff National Park
2. Rocky Mountain Forest Reserve
Characteristics may vary from student to student.

3) Question: Explain the origins and extent of government-sponsored recreation.

Answer: Our founding fathers categorized recreation as a basic right. The
government founded the national park service in 1916 to conserve park resources
and to provide for their use by the public. Today, there are 407 national parks
covering 80 million acres in the U.S.

4) Question: Name your favorite park. Share with your classmates why it is your
favorite.
Answer: Answers may vary.

Check Your Knowledge, p. 446

1) Question: Distinguish between commercial and non-commercial recreation.
Answer: commercial recreation is defined as outdoor recreational activities
provided on a fee-for-service basis, with a focus on experiences associated with
the natural environment. i Commercial recreation includes theme parks,
attractions, and clubs. Non-commercial is considered non-profit. Noncommercial
recreation includes voluntary organizations, campus, armed forces, and employee
recreation, as well as recreation for special populations.

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 2) Question: Why did Walt Disney really create Disneyland?
Answer: Disney said that Disneyland really began when his two daughters were
very young. Saturday was always daddy’s day, and he would take them to the
merry go round and sit on a bench eating peanuts while they rode. Sitting there,
he felt that there should be some kind of a family park where parents and children
could have fun together.

3) Question: Discuss your favorite theme park with your class. Explain why it is
your favorite.
Answer: Class discussion will vary

Check Your Knowledge, p. 452

1) Question: What were the first historic sites visited in recorded history?
Answer: The seven wonders of the ancient world; which included the Great
Pyramid of Giza (Egypt), the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (modern-day Iraq),
the Statue of Zeus at Olympia (Greece), the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
(modern-day Turkey), the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (modern-day Turkey), the
Colossus of Rhodes (Greece), and the Lighthouse of Alexandria (Egypt).

2) Question: Name some important U.S. historical attractions.

Answer: Some of the most important U.S. historical attractions: Monticello, the
Alamo, the French Quarter in New Orleans, The Martin Luther King Jr. National
Historic Site in Atlanta, The Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, The Freedom Trail in
Boston, and the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia

Check Your Knowledge, p. 454

1) Question: What are the goals of the Smithsonian Institute?
Answer: The institution’s goal is to increase and diffuse knowledge, and it is also
dedicated to public education, national service, and scholarship in the arts,
sciences, and history.

2) Question: Why are theaters, concerts, musicals, comedy shows regaining

importance?
Answer: Old theaters from the vaudeville days are now being resurrected and
reopened to the public—and the public is responding. Increasing numbers of
people visit the theater or opera on weekends, holidays, or just for an evening out
on the town. Theater is no longer attractive only to the upper classes; affordable
prices make it reasonable entertainment for almost anyone.

Check Your Knowledge, p. 471

1) Question: Name all types of clubs discussed here and briefly describe their
functions.
a) Private Clubs
b) Country Clubs
c) Social Clubs

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 d) Athletic Clubs
e) Dining Clubs
f) University Clubs
g) Military Clubs
h) Yacht Clubs
i) Fraternal Clubs
j) Proprietary Clubs
Answer:
a) Private Clubs – a place where only members gather for social,
recreational, professional, or fraternal reasons.
b) Country Clubs – offer recreational facilities; the focus generally is on
golf, but tennis and swimming are frequently included.
c) Social Clubs – allow members to enjoy one another’s company.
d) Athletic Clubs – give city workers and residents an opportunity to
work out, swim, play squash and/or racquetball, and so on.
e) Dining Clubs – membership is often given as an inducement to tenants
who lease space in the office building.
f) University Clubs – private clubs for alumni.
g) Military Clubs – cater to both NCOs (noncommissioned officers) and
enlisted officers.
h) Yacht Clubs – provide members with moorage slips, where their boats
are kept secure.
i) Fraternal Clubs – foster camaraderie and often assist charitable causes.
j) Proprietary Clubs – operate on for-profit basis.

2) Question: List the important duties of a club manager.

Answer: Club management is similar in many ways to hotel management.
Managers are responsible for forecasting, planning, budgeting, human resource
development, food and beverage facility management, and maintenance. The
main difference between club management and hotel management is that with
clubs, the guests feel as if they are the owners.

3) Question: Describe the operations of a country club.

Answer: Lounges, restaurants, banquet facilities, pool, tennis courts, golf course,
food and beverage operations, accounting and finance, human and professional
resources, building and facilities operations, management and marketing.

IV. Answers to Chapter 10 Review Questions

1) Recreation is free time in which people engage in activities they enjoy including
recreational activities such as team or individual sports or passive activities such as
reading or watching TV. It is important to create balance in life. Recreation enhances
well-being because it offers the opportunity to relieve stress and bond with other people
which in turn motivates people to engage in recreational activities.

2) Recreation and leisure activities are extremely varied, ranging from cultural pursuits
such as museums, arts and crafts, music, theater, and dance to outdoor recreation such as

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 hiking and camping, amusement parks, theme parks, community centers, playgrounds,
libraries, and gardens.

3) Commercial recreation is characterized by offering a service to the public in expectancy

of a profit. Commercial recreation includes theme parks, attractions, and clubs. Non-
commercial recreation is non-profit-oriented and includes voluntary organizations,
campus, armed forces, employee recreation, and recreation for special populations.

4) Theme parks strive to create the atmosphere of another time and place and concentrate
on one theme that might be historical, geographical, or cultural. Examples are Sea
World and Disneyland. Clubs offer the opportunity for interaction among people with
shared interests in social, recreational, or professional areas. Examples are country
clubs, city clubs, sporting clubs, university clubs, etc.

5) City clubs are predominantly business oriented, although some have rules prohibiting
the discussion of business and the review of business-related documents in dining
rooms.

They are many categories of city clubs. Professional clubs are for people in the same
profession. Social clubs allow members to enjoy one another’s company; members
represent many different professions, yet they have similar socioeconomic backgrounds.
Athletic clubs give city workers and residents an opportunity to work out, swim, play
squash and/or racquetball, and so on. Dining clubs are generally located in large city
office buildings and are open for lunch and occasionally dinner. University clubs are
private clubs for alumni. Military clubs cater to both noncommissioned officers (NCOs)
and enlisted officers. Yacht clubs provide members with moorage slips, where their
boats are kept secure. Fraternal clubs include many special organizations which foster
camaraderie and often assist charitable causes. Proprietary clubs operate on a for-profit
basis.

V. Mini-Case Discussion Question Answers

Case 1: Service Proposal for Guests

Answers may include, but are not limited to:
1) safety and comfort
2) physically challenging for different ability levels
3) visually appealing
4) map development
5) availability of equipment--water bottles, headset radios, etc.

Case 2: Overpopulation of National Parks

Some suggestions for saving the national parks are:
1) Increase the entrance fee. This would enable more wardens to be employed and
perhaps video cameras to be placed in strategic locations.

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 2) Restrict the number of people allowed in parks.

3) Do not allow private vehicles in the parks–only use small tour buses, with stops at
rest areas.

4) Create more “no go” areas to protect “sensitive” areas by increasing signs and
building natural fences.
i
. Wikipedia, Recreation, http://en.wikipedia.org. Search for “recreation” (accessed

November 15, 2011).

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