WHAT ARE MICROBES?

Microbes are tiny living things that are

found all around and are too small to be
seen by the naked eye. They live in water,
soil and in the air . The human body is
home to millions of these microbes too,
also called microorganisms .

The most common types are bacteria and

fungi.

Here in this investigatory project we will

discuss about bacteria and antimicrobial
action of different hand sanitizers on them
Bacteria are single celled organisms that
thrive in diverse environments. Some
bacteria are helpful for human beings but
some are harmful
WHY TO STUDY THESE BACTERIA?

To study effectiveness of different hand

sanitizers on microbes we have selected
the following bacteria-

•Staphylococcus aureus
•Staphylococcus epidermals
•Pseudomonas aeruginosa
•Escherichia coli
•Enterococcus faccu's.

Microbes habitation on hands is divided

into resident and transient floras
*RESIDENT FLORAS
Microbes that colonise the deeper skin
layers and are resistant to mechanical
removal
i.e -Staphylococcus
aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,
Enterococcus

*TRANSIENT FLORAS
Microbes that colonise the superficial
layer of skin in a short period of time
i.e- Escherichia coli,Pneumococcus
NEED OF ANTIMICROBIAL
AGAINST BACTERIA

An antimicrobial is an agent that kills or

stops their growth, for example hand
sanitizers, which are effective against
microbes.

Some bacteria are very harmful for the

human body and cause serious illness.
For example Staphylococcus aureus can
cause a range of illnesses from skin
infections such as. pimples, impetigo, etc.
to life threatening diseases such as
pneumonia, meningitis, etc.Enterococcus
faecalis can cause serious infections such
as endocarditis sepsis, urinary tract
infections, etc
That's why antimicrobials like hand
sanitizers are very essential for fighting
such harmful bacteria to save the mankind
 HAND SANITIZERS

Hands are considered to be the primary

route for transmitting microbes and
infections to the individuals. Personal as
well as hand hygiene is important to
prevent many communicable diseases.

Hand sanitizers significantly increase the

chance of maintaining the hands clean
and aseptic. Hand sanitizers were also
effective in reducing gastrointestinal
illness in households, respiratory tract
infections and skin Infections

Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are

Recommended as a component of hand
hygiene. Many hand sanitizers are
available in the market with varying
degrees of effectiveness.
 COMPOSITIONS OF HAND
SANITIZERS

HAND COMPOSITIONS
SANITIZERS
LIFEBUOY
Ethyl alcohol 70%. Inactive
Ingredients: Water, glycerine,
carbomer copolymer, camellia
sinensis leaf extrat, aloe barbadensis
leaf extract, d-menthol,
triethanolamine

HIMALAYAN Dhanyaka (Coriander), Shati (Spiked

Ginger Lily), Ushira (Vetiver), Nimba
PUREHANDS (Neem), Nagaramusta (Nutgrass)

STERILLIUM
Propan-2-ol 45.0 g, propan-1-ol 30.0
g, mecetroniumetilsulfate 0.2
Glycerol 85 %, tetradecan-1-ol,
fragrances, patent blue V 85 %,
purified water

DETTOL
Alcohol Denat., Water, PEG/PPG-17/6
Copolymer, Propylene Glycol,
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate
Crosspolymer, Tetrahydroxypropyl
Ethylenediamine, Fragrance,
Limonene
 AIM
To evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency
of four different hand sanitizers against
Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus
epidermidis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,
Escherichia coli and Enterococcus
faecalis as well as to compare the
antimicrobial effectiveness among four
different hand sanitizers.
 MATERIALS

HAND SANITIZERS
• Dettol
• Lifebuoy
• Himalaya PureHands.
• Sterillium

MICROBES
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Staphylococcus epidermidis
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Escherichia coll
• Enter & coccus faecalis

OTHER MATERIALS
• Agar Base
• Petri dish
• Pipette
• Test tubes
• Digital caliper •Sterile water
 METHOD

•Different agar base plates are inoculated

with different bacteria using sterile cotton
swabs

• Inoculum is left to dry for a few minutes

at room temperature with the lid closed.

•Then make 5 equally spaced holes in

insulated agar plates.

•Fifty microliters of different hand

sanitizers is introduced into each 4
different holes while the fifth hole is filled
with sterile water to sente as control

•This is to be done for all the bacteria.

•Then incubate them in Incubator for 24

hours at 37°C
• Analyse the zone of inhibition to
evaluate antimicrobial efficiency of
different hand sanitisers.
 RESULT
MEAN DIAMETER OF ZONES
OF INHIBITION (in mm)

● Sterillium → 226 min

● Himalaya PureHands → 7.5±0.5mm
● Lifebuoy → 9.5+1.5 mm
● Dettol → 8+1 mm

Maximum inhibition is found in Sterillium

against all tested bacteria.

Minimum inhibition is found in Himalaya

PureHands against all tested bacteria.
 CONCLUSION
Microbes are tiny living organisms that are
found everywhere. Some of them are a
major threat to this world, as they cause
deadly diseases. But as said prevention is
better than cure, Hand Sanitizers are vital
antimicrobials against these deadly
microbes

So, We have investigated the Efficacy of

Hand Sanitizers against microbes. We
have taken four different Hand sanitizers
namely Sterillium, Himalaya Purehands,
Dettol, and Lifebouy and tested them
against some deadly bacteria.

We have found that Sterillium is most

effective against microbes.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
I have taken some information from
books and internet websites

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_sanitize
r
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganis
m