DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PNEUMATIC

BEARING PRESS AND PULLER

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

KANI PACKEER MYDEEN S 952819114319

MOHAMED KANI A 952819114322

MOHAMED NATHHAR K 952819114324

PACKEER MAIDEEN P S 952819114329

In partial fulfillment for the award of degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SCAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

CHERANMAHADEVI

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600025

JUNE 2022

i
 ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to be certificate that the project report titled ”DESIGN AND

FABRICATION OF PNEUMATIC BEARING PRESS AND PULLER” is the
bonafide work of “KANI PACKEER MYDEEN S (952819114319),
MOHAMED KANI A (952819114322), MOHAMED NATHHAR K
(952819114324), PACKEER MAIDEEN P S (952819114329)” who carried out
the project under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr.C.ANTONY VASANTHA KUMAR Dr.K.HARIBABU
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Department of Department of
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
SCAD COLLEGE OF SCAD COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY,
Cheranmahadevi. Cheranmahadevi.
Tirunelveli - 627414 Tirunelveli – 627414.
Submitted for (ME8682 - DESIGN AND FABRICATION PROJECT) ANNA
UNIVERSITY viva voice examination held on ______________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We thank our ALMIGHTY GOD and PARENTS for their enumerable blessings

and making us climb up the ladder of our life successfully.

We express our sincere thanks to our chairman Dr.S.CLETUS BABU Ph.D, and
our principal Dr.S.SUNDARARAJAN M.E,PhD, for giving us the opportunity to
carry out this project.

We thank our Head of the Department Dr. C.ANTONY VASANTHAKUMAR

M.E,Ph.D, for his remarkable guidance and valuable suggestions.

It's my pleasure duty to deliver a hearty thanks to the extraordinary efforts to our

project coordinator Dr.K.HARIBABU M.E,Ph.D, Associate Professor,

Mechanical Engineering and my project supervisor.

We also Sincerely thank our faculty advisor Mr.M.BALASUBRAMANIAN M.E,

for his whole support us throughout the complete project work.

We take great pleasure in thanking all the teaching and non-teaching staff members
of our department for their concerns and contributions.

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO PARTICULARS PAGE NO

1 ABSTRACT 1

2 INTRODUCTION 2

3 LITERATURE REVIEW 4

4 COMPONENTS AND 8
DESCRIPTION
5 PRODUCT 14
DESCRIPTION
6 MANUFACTURING 16
PROCESS
7 WORKING PRINCIPLE 30

8 ADVANTAGES AND 33
APLICATION
9 COST ESTIMATION 34

10 CONCLUSION 35

11 REFERENCE 36

12 PHOTOGRAPH OF 37
PROJECT

iv
 CHAPTER-1

ABSTRACT

Nowadays pneumatic system plays an important role in almost

all application. As in automobile industries, small service center, aircraft
industries where precision is required. Traditional method of bearing
removal or installation is hammering which causes several problems. The
unsafe and excessive hammering cause damage of bearing surface or
sometimes chance to failures. The modification is made which makes easy
removal and installation of bearing. Pneumatic bearing puller and pusher
which is based on Pascal law “pressure distribution in an enclosed
cylinder is uniform in all direction” is developed to solve the conventional
hammering process.This project is mainly focused to reduce the human
effort and the wear and tear that occurs while mounting and unmounting
a bearing. So, this can implemented in automobile industries, workshops,
and in other factories where bearings may be a part of the product.

1
 CHAPTER-2
INTRODUCTION
This is an era of automation where it is broadly defined as
replacement of manual effort by mechanical power in all degrees of
automation. The operation remains an essential part of the system
although with changing demands on physical input as the degree of
mechanization is increased.

Degrees of automation are of two types, viz.

Full automation.
Semi automation.
In semi automation a combination of manual effort and mechanical
power is required whereas in full automation human participation is very
negligible.

2.1 Need For Automation

Automation can be achieved through computers, hydraulics,

pneumatics, robotics, etc., of these sources, pneumatics form an attractive
medium for low cost automation. The main advantages of all pneumatic
systems are economy and simplicity. Automation plays an important role
in mass production.

2
 • Reduction of lab our and material cost
• Reduction of overall cost
• Increased production
• Increased storage capacity
• Increased safety
• Reduction in fatigue
• Improved personnel comfort

2.2 NEEDS FOR PNEUMATIC POWER:

Pneumatic system use pressurized gases to transmit and control
power, as the name implies, pneumatic systems typically use air as fluid
medium, because air is a safe, low cost and readily available fluid. It is
particularly safe environments where an electrical spark could ignite leaks
from the system components.

There are several reasons for considering the use of pneumatic system
instead of hydraulic system Liquid exhibit greater inertia than gases.
Therefore, in hydraulic system the weight of the oil is a potential problem.
To design and development a material handling system for automation
/semi automation of industries by using pneumatic control system, which
is used for low cost automation.

3
 CHAPTER-3
LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1 PNEUMATICS:
The word ‘pneuma’ comes from Greek and means breather wind.
The word pneumatics is the study of air movement and its phenomena is
derived from the word pneuma. Today pneumatics is mainly understood
to means the application of air as a working medium in industry
especially the driving and controlling of machines and equipment.

Pneumatics has for some considerable time between used for

carrying out the simplest mechanical tasks in more recent times has played
a more important role in the development of pneumatic technology for
automation.

Pneumatic systems operate on a supply of compressed air which must

be made available in sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the
capacity of the system. When the pneumatic system is being adopted for
the first time, however it wills indeed the necessary to deal with the
question of compressed air supply.

The key part of any facility for supply of compressed air is by means
using reciprocating compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in
air, gas at a certain pressure and delivered the air at a high pressure.

4
 Compressor capacity is the actual quantity of air compressed and
delivered and the volume expressed is that of the air at intake conditions
namely at atmosphere pressure and normal ambient temperature.

The compressibility of the air was first investigated by Robert Boyle

in 1962 and that found that the product of pressure and volume of a
particular quantity of gas.

The usual written as

PV = C (or) PıVı = P2V2

In this equation the pressure is the absolute pressured which for free
is about 14.7 Psi and is of courage capable of maintaining a column of
mercury, nearly 30 inches high in an ordinary barometer. Any gas can be
used in pneumatic system but air is the mostly used system now a days.

3.2 SELECTION OF PNEUMATICS:

Mechanization is broadly defined as the replacement of manual
effort by mechanical power. Pneumatic is an attractive medium for low
cost mechanization particularly for sequential (or) repetitive operations.
Many factories and plants already have a compressed air system, which is
capable of providing the power (or) energy requirements and the control
system (although equally pneumatic control systems may be economic
and can be advantageously applied to other forms of power).

5
 The main advantage of an all pneumatic system are usually
economic and simplicity the latter reducing maintenance to a low level. It
can also have out standing advantages in terms of safety.

3.3 PRODUCTION OF COMPRESSED AIR:

Pneumatic systems operate on a supply of compressed air, which

must be made available. In sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the
capacity of the system. When pneumatic system is being adopted for the
first time, however it wills indeed the necessary to deal with the question
of compressed air supply.

The key part of any facility for supply of compressed air is by means
using reciprocating compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in
air, gas at a certain pressure and delivered the air at a high pressure.

Compressor capacity is the actual quantity of air compressed and

delivered and the volume expressed is that of the air at intake conditions
namely at atmosphere pressure and normal ambient temperature.

Clean condition of the suction air is one of the factors, which decides
the life of a compressor. Warm and moist suction air will result in
increased precipitation of condense from the compressed air. Compressor
may be classified in two general types.

1. Positive displacement compressor.

2. Turbo compressor

6
Positive displacement compressors are most frequently employed for
compressed air plant and have proved highly successful and supply air for
pneumatic control application.
The types of positive compressor

1. Reciprocating type compressor

2. Rotary type compressor
Turbo compressors are employed where large capacity of air required
at low discharge pressures. They cannot attain pressure necessary for
pneumatic control application unless built in multistage designs and are
seldom encountered in pneumatic service.

3.4 RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS:

Built for either stationary (or) portable service the reciprocating
compressor is by far the most common type. Reciprocating compressors
lap be had is sizes from the smallest capacities to deliver more than 500
m³/min. In single stage compressor, the air pressure may be of 6 bar
machines discharge of pressure is up to 15 bars. Discharge pressure in
the range of 250 bars can be obtained with high pressure reciprocating
compressors that of three & four stages.

Single stage and 1200 stage models are particularly suitable for
pneumatic applications , with preference going to the two stage design as
soon as the discharge pressure exceeds 6 bar , because it in capable of
matching the performance of single stage machine at lower costs per
driving powers in the range.
7
 CHAPTER-4

COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION

4.1 PNEUMATIC CONTROL COMPONENT

1. PNEUMATIC CYLINDER:

An air cylinder is an operative device in which the state input energy of

compressed air i.e. pneumatic power is converted in to mechanical output
power, by reducing the pressure of the air to that of the atmosphere.

Single acting cylinder

Single acting cylinder is only capable of performing an operating

medium in only one direction. Single acting cylinders equipped with one
inlet for the operating air pressure, can be production in several
fundamentally different designs.

Single cylinders develop power in one direction only. Therefore no heavy

control equipment should be attached to them, which requires to be moved
on the piston return stoke single action cylinder requires only about half
the air volume consumed by a double acting for one operating cycle.

Double acting cylinder:

A double acting cylinder is employed in control systems with the full

pneumatic cushioning and it is essential when the cylinder itself is required

8
to retard heavy messes. This can only be done at the end positions of the
piston stock. In all intermediate position a separate externally mounted
cushioning derive most be provided with the damping feature.

The normal escape of air is out off by a cushioning piston before the
end of the stock is required. As a result the sit in the cushioning chamber
is again compressed since it cannot escape but slowly according to the
setting made on reverses. The air freely enters the cylinder and the piston
stokes in the other direction at full force and velocity.

4.2 SOLENOID VALVE:

a) 5/2 Double Acting Solenoid Valve

The directional valve is one of the important parts of a pneumatic

system. Commonly known as DCV, this valve is used to control the
direction of air flow in the pneumatic system. The directional valve does
this by changing the position of its internal movable parts.

This valve was selected for speedy operation and to reduce the
manual effort and also for the modification of the machine into automatic
machine by means of using a solenoid valve.

A solenoid is an electrical device that converts electrical energy into

straight line motion and force. These are also used to operate a
mechanical operation which in turn operates the valve mechanism.

9
Solenoids may be push type or pull type. The push type solenoid is one
in which the plunger is pushed when the solenoid is energized electrically.
The pull type solenoid is one is which the plunger is pulled when the
solenoid is energized. The name of the parts of the solenoid should be
learned so that they can be recognized when called upon to make repairs,
to do service work or to install the solenoid valve.

10
Working of 5/2 Solenoid Valve

The solenoid valve has 5 openings. This ensure easy exhausting of

5/2 valve. The spool of the 5/2 valve slide inside the main bore according
to spool position; the ports get connected and disconnected. The working
principle is as follows.

Position-1

When the spool is actuated towards outer direction port ‘P’ gets
connected to ‘B’ and ‘S’ remains closed while ‘A’ gets connected to ‘R’

Poisition-2

When the spool is pushed in the inner direction port ‘P’ and ‘A’ gets
connected to each other and ‘B’ to ‘S’ while port ‘R’ remains closed

Parts of Solenoid Valve

1. Coil
The solenoid coil is made of copper wire. The layers of wire are
separated by insulating layer. The entire solenoid coil is covered with an
varnish that is not affected by solvents, moisture, cutting oil or often
fluids.

11
 Coils are rated in various voltages such as 115 volts AC, 230 volts
AC, 460 volts AC, 575 Volts AC, 6 Volts DC, 12 Volts DC, 24 Volts DC,
115 Volts DC & 230 Volts DC. They are designed for such frequencies
as 50 Hz to 60 Hz.

2. Frame
The solenoid frame serves several purposes. Since it is made of
laminated sheets, it is magnetized when the current passes through the
coil. The magnetized coil attracts the metal plunger to move. The frame
has provisions for attaching the mounting. They are usually bolted or
welded to the frame. The frame has provisions for receivers, the plunger.
The wear strips are mounted to the solenoid frame, and are made of
materials such as metal or impregnated less fiber cloth.

3. Solenoid Plunger
The Solenoid plunger is the mover mechanism of the solenoid. The
plunger is made of steel laminations which are riveted together under high
pressure, so that there will be no movement of the lamination with respect
to one another. At the top of the plunger a pin hole is placed for making
a connection to some device. The solenoid plunger is moved by a
magnetic force in one direction and is usually returned by spring action.

Solenoid operated valves are usually provided with cover over either the
solenoid or the entire valve. This protects the solenoid from dirt and other

12
foreign matter, and protects the actuator. In many applications it is
necessary to use explosion proof solenoids.

4.3 FLOW CONTROL VALVE:

In any fluid power circuit, flow control valve is used to control the
speed of the actuator. The flow control can be achieved. By varying the
area of flow through which the air in passing.

When area is increased, more quantity of air will be sent to actuator

as a result its speed will increase. If the quantity of air entering into the
actuator is reduced, the speed of the actuator is reduced.

5. FLEXIBLE HOSES:
Hose is fabricated in layer of elastomer or synthetic rubber and
braided fabric, which permits operation at higher pressure. The standard
tubing outside diameter is 1/16 inch. If the hose is subject to rubbing, it
should be encased in a protective sleeve.
6. AIR COMPRESSOR:

The main function of the air compressor is to compress the air up to the
required pressure. The maximum capacity of the compressor is 12kg/cm².

HAND LEVER VALVE

Hand lever valves for directional control are one of the most fundamental
parts in hydraulic machinery as well as pneumatic machinery. They allow
fluid flow into different paths from one or more sources.

13
 CHAPTER 5
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
5.1 Double acting pneumatic cylinder
Stroke length : Cylinder stoker length 160 mm = 0.16 m

Piston rod : 18 mm = 18 x 10ˉ³ m

Quantity : 1

Seals : Nitride (Buna-N) Elastomer

End cones : Cast iron

Piston : EN – 8

Media : Air

Temperature : 0-80 º C

Pressure Range : 8 N/m²

5.2 Solenoid Valve

Size : 0.635 x 10 ˉ² m
Part size : G 0.635 x 10 ˉ² m
Max pressure range : 0-10 x 10 ⁵ N/m²
Quantity : 1
14
5.3 Flow control Valve

Port size : 0.635 x 10 ² m

Pressure : 0-8 x 10 ⁵ N/m²
Media : Air
Quantity : 1
5.4 Connectors

Max working pressure: 10 x 10 ⁵ N/m²

Temperature : 0-100 º C
Fluid media : Air
Material : Brass
5.5 Hoses

Max pressure : 10 x 10 ⁵ N/m²

Outer diameter : 6 mm = 6 x 10 ˉ ³m
Inner diameter : 3.5 mm = 3.5 x 10 ˉ ³m

15
 CHAPTER-6
MANUFACTUING PROCESSES

6.1 Introduction:

Manufacturing involves turning raw material to finished products,

to be used for various purposes. There are a large number of processes
available. These processes can be broadly classified into four categories.

1 Casting processes

2 Forming processes

3 Fabrication processes

4 Material removal processes

6.2 Casting Processes:

These processes only processes where the liquid metal is used.

Casting is also the oldest known manufacturing process.

Basically it consists of inducing the molten metal into a cavity of

mould of the required form and allowing the metal to solidify. The object
after solidification removed from the mould. Casting processes are
universally used to manufacture a wide variety of products. Casting is the
most flexible and cheapest method and given high strength of rigidity to
the parts which are difficult to produce by other manufacturing processes.
The principle process among these sand casting where sand is used as the

16
raw material. The process is equally suitable for the production of a small
batch as well as on a large scale. Some of the other classified casting
processes for specialized need are

· Shell mould casting

· Precision mould casting

· Plaster mould casting

· Permanent mould casting

· Die casting

· Centrifugal casting

6.3 Forming Processes:

These are solid state manufacturing processes involve minimum

amount of material wastage. In forming process metal may be heated to
temperature which is slightly below. This solidify temperature and large
force is applied such the material flows and act in desired shape. The
desire shape is controlled by means of a set of tool ties and dies, which
may be closed during manufacturing.

These processes are normally used for large scale production rates.
These are generally economical and in many cases improve the
mechanical properties. These are some of the metal forming processes.

· Rolling forging

17
 · Drop forging

· Press forging

· Upset forging

· Extrusion forging

· Wire forging

· Sheet metal operation

6.4 Fabrication Processes:

These are secondary manufacturing processes where the starting raw

materials are produced by any one of the previous manufacturing
processes desired. Its assembly involve joining pieces either temporary or
permanent. So that they would be perform the necessary function. The
joining can be achieved by either or both of heat and pressure joining
materials. Many of the steel structure construction, we see are first rolled
and then joined together by a fabrication process are

· Gas welding

· Electric arc welding

· Electrical resistance welding

· Thermo welding

· Brazing welding

· Soldering welding
18
6.5 Material removal processes:

These are also a secondary removal manufacturing process, where

the additional unwanted material is removed in the form of chips from the
blank material by a hard tools so as to obtain the final desired shape.

Material removal is normally a most expensive manufacturing

process. Because more energy is consumed and also a lot of waste
material is generated in this process. Still this process is widely used
because it deliver very good dimensional accuracy and good surface
finished. Material removal process are also called machining processes.
Various processes in this category are

➢ Turning
➢ Drilling
➢ Shaping and planning
➢ Milling
➢ Grinding
➢ Broaching
➢ Sawing
➢ Trimming

6.6 WELDING:
Welding is a process of joining two metal pieces by the application
of heat. Welding is the least expensive process and widely used now a
days in fabrication. Welding joints different metals with the help of a

19
number of processes in which heat is supplied either electrically or by
mean of a gas torch. Different welding processes are used in the
manufacturing of Auto mobiles bodies, structural work, tanks, and general
machine repair work. In the industries, welding is used in refineries and
pipe line fabrication. It may be called a secondary manufacturing process.

Classification of welding processes:

There are about 35 different welding and brazing process and
several soldering methods, in use by the industry today. There are various
ways of classifying the welding for example, they may be classified on
the basis of source of heat (flames, arc etc.)
In general various welding processes are classified as follows.
1: Gas Welding
(a): Air Acetylene
(b): Oxy Acetylene
(c): Oxy Hydrogen Welding
2: Arc Welding
(a): Carbon Arc welding
(b); Plasma Arc welding
(c): Shield Metal Arc Welding
(d): T.I.G. (Tungsten Inert Gas Welding)
3: Resistance Welding:
(a): Spot welding

20
(b): Seam welding
(c): Projection welding
4: Solid State Welding:
(a): Cold welding
(b): Diffusion welding
(c): Forge welding
5: Thermo Chemical Welding
(a): Thermite welding
(b): Atomic welding
6: Radiant Energy Welding
(a): Electric Beam Welding
(b): Laser Beam Welding
Welding Joints:

21
6.7 DRILLING:

Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole of

circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill bit is usually a rotary
cutting tool, often multipoint. The bit is pressed against the workpiece and

22
rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minute.
This forces the cutting edge against the workpiece, cutting off chips
(swarf) from the hole as it is drilled.

In rock drilling, the hole is usually not made through a circular

cutting motion, though the bit is usually rotated. Instead, the hole is
usually made by hammering a drill bit into the hole with quickly repeated
short movements. The hammering action can be performed from outside
of the hole (top-hammer drill) or within the hole (down-the-hole drill,
DTH). Drills used for horizontal drilling are called drifter drills.

DRILLING PROCESS:

➢ Center drilling
➢ Deep hole drilling
➢ Gun drilling
➢ Trepanning
➢ Micro drilling
➢ Vibration Drilling
Types of Drilling Jigs:

1. Template jig

2. Plate type jig

3. Open type jig

4. Channel jig

23
1: Template Jig:

This is the simplest type of jig; It is simply a plate made to the shape
and size of the work piece; with the require number of holes made it. It is
placed on the work piece and the hole will be made by the drill; which
will be guided through the holes in the template plate should be hardened
to avoid its frequent replacement this type of jig is suitable if only a few
part are to be made.

2. Plate Type Jig:

This is an improvement of the template type of jig. In place of simple

holes, drill bushes are provided in the plate to guide the drill. The work
piece can be clamped to the plate and holes can be drilled. The plate jig
are employed to drill holes in large parts, maintaining accurate spacing
with each other.

24
3. Open Type Jig:

In this jig the top of the jig is open; the work piece is placed on the
top.

4. Channel jig:

The channel jig is a simple type of jig having channel like cross
section. The component is fitted within the channel is located and clamped
by locating the knob. The tool is guided through the drill bush.

25
5. Leaf Jig:

It is also a sort of open type jig , in which the top plate is arrange to swing

about a fulcrum point , so that it is completely clears the jig for easy loading and

unloading of the work piece.

26
6.8 METAL CUTTING OPERATIONS:

1. Blanking:

Blanking is the operation of cutting a flat shape from sheet metal.

The product punched out is called the “blank” and the required product of
the operation the hole and the metal left behind is discarded as waste.

2. Punching or Piercing:

It is a cutting operation by which various shaped holes are made in

sheet metal. Punching is similar to blanking except that in punching, the
hole is the desired product. The material punched out from the hole being
waste.

3. Notching:

This is cutting operation by which metal pieces are cut from the edge
of the sheet, strip or blank.

4. Perforating:

This is a process by which multiple holes are very small and close
together are cut in a flat sheet metal.

5. Trimming:

This operation consists of cutting unwanted excess of material from

the periphery of a previously formed component.

6. Shaving:

27
 The edge of a blanked part are generally rough, uneven and un-
square. Accurate dimensions of the part are obtained by removing a thin
strip of metal along the edges.

7. Slitting:

It refers to the operation of making incomplete holes in a work piece.

8. Lancing:

This is a cutting operation in which a hole is partially cut and then

one side is bent down to form a sort of tab. Since no metal is actually
removed and there will be no scrap.

9. Nibbling:

The nibbling operation, which is used for only small quantities of

components, is designed for cutting out flat parts from sheet metal. The
flat parts from simple to complex contours. This operation is generally
substituted for blanking. The part is usually moved and guided by hand as
the continuously operating punch cutting away at the edge of the desired
contour.

28
1.Bending:

In this operation; the material in the form of flat sheet or strip is

uniformly strained around a linear axis which lies in the neutral plane and
perpendicular it’s the length wise direction of the sheet or metal.

2.Drawing:

This is a process of forming a flat work piece into a hollow shape by

means of a punch which cause the blank into a die cavity.

3. Squeezing:

Under the operation, the metal is caused to flow to all portions of a

die cavity under the action of compressive forces.

29
 CHAPTER-7

WORKING PRINCIPLE

This project deals with the fabrication of the Pneumatic bearing

pusher and puller which is used to install and remove bearing from which
involves the usage of bearings. Removal and installing of bearings seems
harder in case of manual handling as it involves hammering. More Force
is required by the humans to do it. Force may vary over person to person.
In order to reduce the efforts of human beings we are using a pneumatic
cylinder which uses air pressure to mount and unmount the bearings.

7.1WORKING:
After connecting the arrangements properly, switch on the compressor
which act as the input for the pneumatic cylinder. The compressed air
from the compressor is then send to the hand lever valve through the filter
regulator lubricator [FRL]. FRL removes the dust particles from the
compressed air and helps us to set the required amount of air pressure
needed for the operation. Then turn on the FRL and set the required air
pressure. Now the air comes to the hand lever . When the hand lever valve
is moved forward, the pressure of air goes to the bottom port of the
cylinder and this makes the piston rod of the cylinder to move in the
forward direction .when the hand lever valve is moved towards
reverse, the pressure of air goes to the top port of the cylinder and thus

30
makes the piston rod of the cylinder to move in the reverse direction.
valve is fixed which helps us to control the movement of the piston rod.

7.2 2D DRAWING

31
32
 CHAPTER-8
ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

8.1 ADVANTAGES:

▪ Machining Time Reduced

▪ Quick response is achieved
▪ Simple in construction
▪ Easy to maintain and repair
▪ Cost of the unit is less when compared to other Machines
▪ No fire hazard problem due to over loading
8.2 DISADVANTAGES:
▪ While working, the compressed air produces noise therefore a
silencer may be used.
▪ High torque cannot be obtained
▪ Load carrying capacity of this unit is not very high
8.3 APPLICATION:-

Small and Medium scale industries

It is very useful in machine shop
Industrial Application

33
 CHAPTER-9
COST ESTIMATION

Sl. PARTS Qty. Amount in RS

No.
1 Pneumatic cylinder 1 1500

2 Flow control valve 1 500

3 Connector 1 200

4 Base plate - 1500

5 Tube - 500

6 Solenoid valve 1 500

7 Metal frame 2 300

Total =5000

34
 CHAPTER-10
CONCLUSION
This project work has provided us an excellent opportunity and
experience, to use our limited knowledge. We gained a lot of practical
knowledge regarding, planning, purchasing, assembling and machining
while doing this project work. We feel that the project work is a good
solution to bridge the gates between the institution and the industries.
We are proud that we have completed the work with the limited time
successfully. The PNEUMATIC BEARING PRESS AND PULLER
working with satisfactory conditions. We can able to understand the
difficulties in maintaining the tolerances and also the quality. We have
done to our ability and skill making maximum use of available facilities.
In conclusion remarks of our project work, let us add a few more
lines about our impression project work. Thus we have developed a
“PNEUMATIC BEARING PRESS AND PULLER” which helps to
many industries to perform the punching operation in a short time. It
would reduce the time and effort of human being. With minimum wear
and maximum accuracy.

35
 CHAPTER-11
REFERENCE

[1] James A. Yarnellhave worked on “Shifter housing assembly for

multiple speed power transmission”, Patent no-US 4782719 A

[2] William W. Gundrum have worked on “automotive manual

transmission shifting mechanism”, Patent no-US 5549020 A

[3] Qiongliang, Hong Chen have worked on “the seamless gear shifting
control for pure electric vehicle with two speed inverse AMT”, A 2- speed
inverse automated manual transmission (I-AMT).

[4] Okada, T., T. Minowa, M. Kayano, T. O chi, H. Sakamoto and H.

Kuroiwa, 2002. Gear shift control technique for auto-shift manual
transmission system with torque assist mechanism. JSAE Tran, 33(2): 61-
66, (In Japanese).

[5] “Fluid Power with Applications” by Anthony Esposito

[6] “Pneumatics and Hydraulics” by Andrew Parr

[7] Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility by Clayton R. Paul

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PHOTOGRAPH OF PROJECT

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