Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.

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GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–III (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2021
Subject Code:3134005 Date:23-02-2022
Subject Name:Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

Q.1 (a) Define following: 03

(i) Vortex flow; (ii) Forced vortex flow; (iii) Free vortex flow
(b) What is a pitot tube? How is it used to measure velocity of flow at any point 04
in a pipe or channel?
(c) Distinguish between the following: 07
(i) Laminar flow and turbulent flow, (ii) Compressible flow and
incompressible flow, (iii) Uniform flow and non-uniform flow, (iv) Steady
flow and unsteady flow.

Q.2 (a) State and explain the Newton’s law of viscosity. 03

(b) Define following: 04
(i) Fluid mechanics, (ii) Fluid statics; (iii) Fluid dynamics; (iv) Hydraulics.
(c) Describe an orificemeter and find an expression for measuring the discharge 07
of fluid through pipe using orificemeter.
OR
(c) Distinguish between forced vortex flow and free vortex flow. Derive an 07
expression for different of pressure between two points in a free vortex flow.

Q.3 (a) Describe Eulerian and Lagrangian methods for representing the fluid flow. 03
(b) Define following: 04
(i) Stream line; (ii) Streak line; (iii) Path line; (iv) Flow-net
(c) Using the method of dimensional analysis, obtain an expression for the 07
discharge over a rectangular weir. The discharge depends on the head over the
weir, acceleration due to gravity, length of weir crest, height of the weir crest
over the channel bottom and the kinetic viscosity of the liquid.
OR
Q.3 (a) Derive an expression for the discharge over a triangular notch. 03
(b) The water is flowing through a tapering pipe having diameters 300 mm and 04
150 mm at section 1 and 2 respectively. The discharge through the pipe is 40
litre/sec. The section 1 is 10 m above datum and section 2 is 6 m above datum.
Find the intensity of pressure at section 2. Consider the intensity of pressure
and section 1 is 400 kN/m2.
(c) Derive Darcy-Weisbach formula for calculating loss of head due to friction in 07
a pipe.

Q.4 (a) Define: Vorticity, velocity potential and circulation. 03

(b) The diameter of a horizontal pipe at sections 1 and 2 are 200 mm and 300 mm 04
respectively. If the velocity of water flowing through the pipe at section 1 is 4
m/s, determine: (i) Discharge through the pipe wall, (ii) Velocity of water at
section 2.
1
 (c) Derive expressions for total pressure and centre of pressure for a vertically 07
immersed surface.
OR
Q.4 (a) State and prove Pascal’s law. 03
(b) A simple manometer is used to measure the pressure of oil (Specific gravity = 04
0.8) flowing in a pipeline. Its right limb is open to the atmosphere and the left
limb is connected to the pipe. The center of pipe is 100 mm below the level of
mercury (Specific gravity = 13.6) in the right limb. If the difference of mercury
levels in the two limbs is 150 mm, find the pressure of oil in pipe.

(c) In a two-dimensional incompressible flow, the fluid velocity components are 07

2 𝑦3 2 𝑥3
given by 𝑢 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦 + 3 ; and 𝑣 = 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 − 3 . Show that velocity
potential exists and determine its form. Also find the stream function.

Q.5 (a) What is a centrifugal pump? On what principle does it work? 03

(b) What do you understand by the term ‘Multistage Pump’? Clearly explain the 04
difference between a single stage and a multistage centrifugal pump.
(c) Derive the expressions for critical depth and critical velocity for open channel 07
flow.
OR
Q.5 (a) Draw the neat sketch of specific energy curve. 03
(b) Derive an expression for loss of energy head for a hydraulic jump. 04
(c) Describe the working of an impulse turbine with neat sketch. 07

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