CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS LAB

EXP-1 CB.EN.U4CHE19018
M.S.RATHIKA
VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM
Aim:
 To determine the liquid pressures of pure water at several temperatures.
 To calculate the enthalpies of liquidization from the pressure-temperature relationship
determined.

Apparatus:
Water bath, still, condenser, cyclone separator, thermometer, pressure controller and vacuum
pump

Procedure:
1) Add 100ml of liquid (distillated water) to the round bottomed flask.
2) Using pressure controller and vacuum pump set the system pressure to 50 mbar.
3) Set the pressure to 50 mmHg or other desired pressures (from high to low).
4) The heater of the water bath is then turned on.
5) Initially the water bath temperature is set high, when the liquid in the still begins to boil
the temperature of the water bath is lowered by re-adjusting the temperature if necessary.
6) The reading in the thermometer is observed for about 3mins. When the reading is in
steady state, equilibrium is assumed to be attained.
7) Temperatures of liquid and vapor are then recorded.
8) Experiments are repeated for other system pressures (up to 500 mmHg of water).

Tabulation and Calculation:

Clausius-Clapeyron equation
lnP = -ΔHvap/RT + constant

1
 Plot lnP vs 1/T and determine the slope. Calculate -ΔH vap from the Clausius-Clapeyron
equation.

Absolute P 1/T (in

Vacuum P ln (P) T (in ℃) T (in K)
1/K)
(in mmhg) (in mmHg)
450 310 5.73657 57.1 330.1 0.00303
375 385 5.95324 67.1 340.1 0.00294
300 460 6.13123 75.4 348.4 0.00287
225 535 6.28227 80.2 353.2 0.00283
150 610 6.41346 85.7 358.7 0.00279
6.52941
75
685 9 89.6 362.6 0.002758
6.63331
0
760 8 93.8 366.8 0.002726

ln(P) VS 1/T
6.8
6.6
f(x) = − 2986.34750870666 x + 14.7481204248257
6.4
6.2 ln(P) VS 1/T
Linear (ln(P) VS 1/T)
6
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
0.0027 0.0028 0.0029 0.003 0.0031

2
Slope of plot lnP vs 1/T = -ΔHvap/R = -2986.3 K
J
Gas constant R = 8.3145 mol .K
J J
-ΔHvap = -2986.3 K * 8.3145 mol . K = -24829.59 mol
J g KJ KJ
×
-ΔHvap = -24829.59 mol / 18 mol Kg = -1379.442 Kg .

Result:
Enthalpy of liquidization is -1379.442 KJ/Kg