LAB SESSION – 11

KING MONGKUT’S INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY LADKRABANG

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

01326322-SOIL MECHANICS LABORATORY

UNCONSOLIDATION UNDRAINED TRIAXIAL TEST

INSTRUCTED BY: ASSOC. PROF. DR. VIROON KAMCHOOM

DR. CHORTHAM SRINIL

TESTED BY: GROUP 2

NAME: TANAKRID PONGGUN 63011328

RACHATA CHINBURI 63011284
SORAWIN SAEYANG 63011315
SUPAKARN JUNWIKUL 63011318
THANUTCHA CHAOSANGUAN 63011351

DATE OF SES: 11/11/2022

DATE OF SUB: 25/11/2022
 UNCONSOLIDATION UNDRAINED TRIAXIAL TEST
INTRODUCTION
Unconsolidated undrained (UU) triaxial test is a quick test as compared to consolidated undrained
(CU) and consolidated drained (CD) triaxial test. UU test can be performed on any type of soil to determine
its shear strength parameters under undrained condition such as cohesion (cu) and angle of internal friction
(φu). These undrained shear strength parameters are useful in determination of bearing capacity of soil,
stability analysis of highway embankments, earthen embankments etc. One of the critical conditions for
stability of any slope occurs immediately after construction, which represents the undrained condition. In such
conditions, undrained shear strength parameters should be used for stability analysis.

With the UU triaxial Test, the information obtained can be used to determine the soil properties which are the
shear strength, cohesion, and angle of friction. However, the value is less accurate than the CD and CU triaxial
test.

METHODOLOGY
Unconsolidated undrained (UU) triaxial test: Unconsolidated Undrained (UU) triaxial test provides
undrained stress-strain response of a cylindrical soil specimen under triaxial compression loading without
consolidating the specimen. It also provides the undrained shear strength parameters by performing the tests
on different confining pressures. Initially, a confining pressure (σ3) is applied through water around the
specimen in triaxial cell. Drainage valve is closed throughout the test, which does not allow the consolidation
of the specimen. The specimen is then subjected to shearing by applying the constant rate of deformation
under undrained compression loading conditions. Excess pore water pressure is not measured during shearing;
hence the shear strength parameters are analyzed in total stress conditions only.
Initial state of stress is hydrostatic with all three principal stresses same as applied confining pressure (σ 3).
The vertical stress acts as major principal stress (σ1) during shearing, while the confining pressure (σ3) acts in
other two principal directions of cylindrical specimen. The intermediate principal and minor principal stresses
are equal. Deviatoric stress (σd) is the difference between σ1 and σ3 (σd = σ1 - σ3), acting on specimen while
its shear deformation.

Figure 1: Deviatoric Stress and Stress acting on a Plane

Cohesion: Cohesion is the tendency for particles of soil to stick together. Cohesion soils can be defined
as the extent of those powers, connecting the soil particles. Cohesion is essential for determining the shear
strength of soil because soils are most often violated in shear. Because the soil is three-phase, it is distinguished
effective and total cohesion parameters. However, that applies only in the case of fine-grained soil. It is
however important to note that the shear strength has only a solid phase. Liquid and gaseous phases only
transmit tension. However, the interaction of these phases, which may be in varying proportions, affects the
strength characteristics of the soil.
 Soil Friction Angle: Friction angle is a shear strength parameter of soils. Its definition is derived from
the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, and it is used to describe the friction shear resistance of soils together
with the normal effective stress. Soil friction angle is a shear strength parameter of soils. In the stress plane of
Shear stress-effective normal stress, the soil friction angle is the angle of inclination with respect to the
horizontal axis of the Mohr-Coulomb shear resistance line.

APPARATUSES AND MATERIALS

1. Soil Sample (Type: Clay (Undisturbed)) 9. Dial Gauge (Precision: 0.01 mm)
2. Trimming Saw 10. O-ring
3. Cylinder Cast (Type: Steel) 11. Latex Membrane
4. Sampling Tube Extractor 12. Porous Stone
5. Vernier Caliper (Precision: 0.01 mm) 13. Blower
6. Weighing Scale (Precision: 0.01g) 14. Load Top Cap
7. Triaxial Loading Frame 15. Metal Containers
8. Proving Ring 16. Drying Oven

Figure 1: Soil Sample (Clay) Figure 2: Trimming Saw

Figure 3: Cylinder Cast Figure 4: Sampling Tube Extractor

Figure 5: Vernier Caliper Figure 6: Weighing Scale

Figure 5: Vernier Caliper Figure 6: Weighing Scale

Figure 7: Triaxial Loading Frame Figure 8: Proving Ring

Figure 9: Dial Gauge Figure 10: O-ring

Figure 11: Latex Membrane Figure 12: Porous Stone

Figure 13: Blower Figure 14: Load Top Cap

 Figure 15: Metal Containers Figure 16: Drying Oven

OBJECTIVES
To determine the mechanical properties of soil by subjecting the soil sample to varying levels of
stress and drainage conditions. In addition, to determine the soil necessary properties such as cohesion and
friction angle.

PROCEDURES
➢ Unconsolidated Undrained Triaxial Test
1) Prepare a soil sample and Record all the information required
2) Remove the specimen from its protective wrap and identify the top and bottom

Figure 13: Marking the Soil

3) Place the soil sample onto the sampling tube extractor

Figure 14: Placing the Soil on the Sampling Tube Extractor

4) Slowly trim the model into a smaller diameter using the trimming saw

Figure 16: Trimming the Soil

5) Rotate the sample until the side is smooth (you can rub the side with your fingers)

Figure 17: Rotating and Cutting the Soil

6) Take the exceeding sample around 100 g for determining the water content

Figure 18: Weighing the Container Figure 19: Weighing the Exceeding Soil
7) Remove the soil from the trimming machine and place it into a long cylinder cast with a set
measurement.

Figure 20: Putting the cylinder cast on the Soil

8) Trim the exceeded part for desired height and measure the diameter at top, middle, and bottom of
the sample. Find the average and record the same.

Figure 21: Trimming the exceeded part Figure 22: Measuring the Soil Diameter
9) Weigh the trimmed soil (Place some cover below the soil so the soil won’t stick to the scale)

Figure 23: Weighing the Cover Figure 24: Weighing the Trimmed Soil
10) Seal the specimen case arrangement properly with the latex rubber membrane and rubber O-rings
using the membrane stretcher.(Use the blower to make the membrane vacuum)

Figure 25: Sealing the case Figure 26: Making the membrane vacuum

11) Place the specimen inside and place the porous stone on the pedestal of base plate of triaxial cell

Figure 27: Placing the porous stone

12) Place the top cap on the specimen

Figure 28: Placing the top cap

13) Add the pipe into the top cap and place it into the cell and make sure that the cell is properly set
up and uniformly clamped down to prevent leakage of pressured water during the test

Figure 29: Adding Pipe Figure 30: Placing specimen into the cell

14) Move down the plunger and set up it on the circular groove of the top cap. Place a steel ball on
the top of plunger
15) Adjust the center line of the specimen such that the proving ring, the steel ball, plunger and
specimen are in the same line
16) Fill the cell with the water with bleed valve open. Close the bleed valve tightly after filling the
cell with water

Figure 31: Open valve to let water flow in

17) The air water interface is then regulated using valves and regulator of constant pressure system,
and the pressure is applied to water with the balloon in interface system. This pressure is applied
through water to the cell
 18) Open the valve that connects pressure to the cell to apply the required cell pressure.

Figure 32: Open valve to adjust the pressure

19) The pressure gauge must be watched during the test and any necessary adjustments must be made
to keep the pressure constant
20) Start applying the load and record the readings of the proving ring and compression dial
21) Continue loading till failure and observe the failure pattern of the specimen.

EXPERIMENTAL DATA
Table 1.1: Experimental Configuration for UU Triaxial Test Table

KRUNGTHEP GEOTECHNIQUE CO., LTD.

Triaxial Test Type: Unconsolidated Undrained (UU)
Boring No. BH19 ST2 Load Cell No. 5093169
Depth (m) 4.50-5.00 Shearing Rate (mm/min) 0.50
Sample Description Silty Clay (CH) Date of Test 1 Dec 56
Type of Sample Undisturbed Sample Tested By Mr. Singharat Klankham

EXPERIMENTAL RESULT
Table 1.2: Water Content Determination for UU Triaxial Test Table

Triaxial Test Type: Unconsolidated Undrained (UU)

Water Content Determination
Condition Before Test After Test
Test No. 1 2 3 1 2 3
Container No. A B C A B C
Wet Soil + Container (g) 132.05 78.95 85.35 173.24 173.45 179.36
Dry Soil + Container (g) 95.18 61.10 65.02 117.09 118.14 119.85
Mass of Water (g) 36.87 17.85 20.33 56.15 55.31 59.51
Mass of Container (g) 34.62 30.83 31.94 33.14 32.58 30.19
Mass of Dry Soil (g) 60.56 30.27 33.08 83.95 85.56 89.66
Water Content (%) 60.88 58.97 61.46 66.89 64.64 66.37
Dry Density of Soil (g/cm3) 1.00 1.02 1.01 0.97 0.99 0.98
 Table 1.3: Soil Specimen Determination for UU Triaxial Test Table

Triaxial Test Type: Unconsolidated Undrained (UU)

Soil Specimen Determination
Test No. 1 2 3
Diameter of Sample (cm) 3.80 3.80 3.80
Height of Sample (cm) 7.60 7.60 7.60
Area of Sample (cm2) 11.34 11.34 11.34
Volume of Sample (cm3) 86.19 86.19 86.19
Mass of Soil + Split Former (g) 583.87 585.03 584.74
Mass of Split Former (g) 444.77 444.77 444.77
Mass of Soil (g) 139.10 140.26 139.97
Wet Density of Soil (g/cm3) 1.61 1.63 1.62

Table 1.4: UU Triaxial Test for 2.54 t/m2 cell pressure Table

Triaxial Test Type: Unconsolidated Undrained (UU)

Cell Pressure: 2.54 t/m2
Axial
Load Dial Strain Correction Area Deviator Stress
Displacement
(kg) (%) (cm2) (σ1 – σ3) (t/m2)
(cm)
0.000 0.000 0.006 11.335 0.000
0.010 1.186 0.138 11.351 1.045
0.042 2.515 0.593 11.403 2.206
0.089 3.559 1.276 11.482 3.100
0.136 4.271 1.939 11.560 3.695
0.182 4.651 2.593 11.637 3.997
0.228 5.125 3.257 11.717 4.374
0.274 5.458 3.915 11.797 4.626
0.322 5.932 4.593 11.881 4.993
0.369 6.075 5.270 11.966 5.077
0.415 6.312 5.924 12.049 5.238
0.461 6.407 6.588 12.135 5.280
0.507 6.407 7.247 12.221 5.242
0.554 6.881 7.911 12.309 5.590
0.600 7.024 8.569 12.398 5.665
0.646 7.261 9.232 12.488 5.814
0.692 7.261 9.892 12.580 5.772
0.738 7.356 10.550 12.672 5.805
0.785 7.498 11.213 12.767 5.873
0.833 7.593 11.896 12.866 5.902
0.878 7.736 12.540 12.961 5.969
0.924 7.831 13.204 13.060 5.996
0.971 7.973 13.867 13.160 6.058
1.017 8.068 14.527 13.262 6.083
1.063 8.068 15.181 13.364 6.037
1.109 8.210 15.848 13.470 6.095
1.155 8.305 16.502 13.576 6.118
1.203 8.305 17.181 13.687 6.068
 1.249 8.447 17.848 13.798 6.122
1.296 8.305 18.508 13.910 5.971
1.342 8.305 19.171 14.024 5.922
1.389 8.542 19.848 14.142 6.040
1.436 8.542 20.517 14.261 5.990
1.483 8.447 21.185 14.382 5.874
1.531 8.542 21.867 14.508 5.888
1.576 8.447 22.517 14.630 5.774
1.623 8.542 23.181 14.756 5.789
1.668 8.447 23.835 14.883 5.676
1.717 8.210 24.527 15.019 5.466
1.762 8.305 25.171 15.148 5.482

UU Triaxial Test with 2.54 t/m2 cell pressure

7.000
6.122
Deviator Stress (t/m2)

6.000

5.000

4.000

3.000 -Compressive Stress at Failure = 6.122 t/m2

2.000 -Strain at Failure = 17.848 %

1.000

0.000
0.000 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000

Axial Strain (%)

Figure 33: UU Triaxial Test graph for 2.54 t/m2 cell pressure

Table 1.6: UU Triaxial Test for 5.07 t/m2 cell pressure Table

Triaxial Test Type: Unconsolidated Undrained (UU)

Cell Pressure: 5.07 t/m2
Axial
Load Dial Strain Correction Area Deviator Stress
Displacement
(kg) (%) (cm2) (σ1 – σ3) (t/m2)
(cm)
0.000 0.000 0.000 11.335 0.000
0.034 1.068 0.483 11.390 0.937
0.067 4.224 0.954 11.445 3.691
0.102 5.220 1.450 11.502 4.539
0.137 5.885 1.953 11.561 5.090
0.171 6.288 2.445 11.620 5.412
0.208 6.478 2.972 11.683 5.545
0.241 7.119 3.437 11.739 6.064
0.274 7.475 3.920 11.798 6.336
0.310 7.475 4.423 11.860 6.302
0.343 7.593 4.906 11.920 6.370
0.380 7.902 5.427 11.986 6.592
0.414 7.949 5.920 12.049 6.598
0.447 7.949 6.385 12.108 6.565
0.481 7.712 6.878 12.173 6.335
0.515 7.546 7.361 12.236 6.167
0.549 7.546 7.844 12.300 6.135
0.584 7.783 8.341 12.367 6.293
0.617 7.712 8.821 12.432 6.203
0.654 8.139 9.346 12.504 6.509
0.689 8.305 9.844 12.573 6.605
0.723 8.186 10.322 12.640 6.477
0.757 8.376 10.811 12.709 6.591
0.790 8.424 11.280 12.777 6.593
0.821 8.614 11.734 12.842 6.707
0.854 8.495 12.205 12.911 6.580
0.888 8.661 12.688 12.983 6.671
0.922 8.851 13.171 13.055 6.780
0.955 8.376 13.649 13.127 6.381
0.989 8.614 14.133 13.201 6.525
1.024 8.068 14.635 13.279 6.076
1.059 8.139 15.124 13.355 6.094
1.093 8.139 15.607 13.432 6.060
1.127 8.305 16.100 13.511 6.147
1.164 8.542 16.625 13.596 6.283
1.198 8.376 17.115 13.676 6.125
1.230 8.542 17.573 13.752 6.212
1.264 8.780 18.053 13.833 6.347
1.298 9.207 18.550 13.917 6.616
1.333 8.898 19.039 14.001 6.355
1.365 8.780 19.497 14.081 6.235
1.399 8.970 19.990 14.168 6.331
1.433 8.851 20.474 14.254 6.210
1.468 8.851 20.967 14.343 6.171
1.501 8.495 21.446 14.430 5.887
1.536 8.376 21.939 14.521 5.768
1.572 8.305 22.455 14.618 5.682
1.605 8.661 22.929 14.708 5.889
1.641 8.851 23.437 14.805 5.978
1.676 8.851 23.949 14.905 5.938
1.711 8.614 24.441 15.002 5.742
1.743 8.898 24.900 15.094 5.895
 UU Triaxial Test with 5.07 t/m2 cell pressure
8.000

Deviator Stress (t/m2)

7.000
6.780
6.000
5.000
4.000
3.000 -Compressive Stress at Failure = 6.780 t/m2
2.000 -Strain at Failure = 13.171 %
1.000
0.000
0.000 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000

Axial Strain (%)

Figure 33: UU Triaxial Test graph for 5.07 t/m2 cell pressure

Table 1.7: UU Triaxial Test for 7.61 t/m2 cell pressure Table

Triaxial Test Type: Unconsolidated Undrained (UU)

Cell Pressure: 7.61 t/m2
Axial
Load Dial Strain Correction Area Deviator Stress
Displacement
(kg) (%) (cm2) (σ1 – σ3) (t/m2)
(cm)
0.000 0.000 0.000 11.335 0.000
0.009 1.395 0.129 11.350 1.229
0.018 1.993 0.252 11.364 1.754
0.041 3.139 0.588 11.402 2.753
0.065 3.986 0.935 11.442 3.484
0.089 4.385 1.266 11.481 3.820
0.111 4.734 1.592 11.519 4.110
0.134 5.133 1.920 11.557 4.441
0.157 5.133 2.246 11.596 4.426
0.180 5.232 2.569 11.634 4.497
0.203 5.382 2.897 11.674 4.610
0.226 5.980 3.223 11.713 5.105
0.249 6.229 3.560 11.754 5.299
0.272 6.229 3.886 11.794 5.281
0.295 6.478 4.208 11.833 5.474
0.318 6.727 4.540 11.875 5.665
0.341 6.727 4.868 11.915 5.646
0.364 7.126 5.194 11.956 5.960
0.389 7.225 5.535 12.000 6.021
0.410 7.375 5.858 12.041 6.125
0.433 7.475 6.186 12.083 6.186
0.456 7.475 6.508 12.124 6.165
0.478 7.624 6.840 12.168 6.266
0.502 7.624 7.175 12.212 6.243
0.525 7.475 7.503 12.255 6.099
0.549 7.475 7.848 12.301 6.077
0.572 7.475 8.171 12.344 6.055
0.595 7.624 8.498 12.388 6.154
0.618 7.375 8.830 12.433 5.932
0.641 7.375 9.156 12.478 5.910
0.665 7.475 9.498 12.525 5.968
0.688 7.475 9.835 12.572 5.946
0.712 7.126 10.176 12.620 5.647
0.735 7.375 10.502 12.666 5.823
0.759 7.126 10.840 12.714 5.605
0.759 7.225 11.175 12.762 5.662
0.782 7.225 11.498 12.808 5.641
0.805 6.976 11.829 12.856 5.426
0.828 7.126 12.152 12.903 5.522
0.851 6.976 12.489 12.953 5.386
0.874 6.976 12.815 13.002 5.366
0.897 7.126 13.143 13.051 5.460
0.920 6.976 13.469 13.100 5.325
0.943 7.126 13.797 13.150 5.419
0.966 7.126 14.129 13.200 5.398
1.012 7.375 14.451 13.250 5.566
1.035 7.126 14.792 13.303 5.356
1.059 7.225 15.133 13.357 5.410

UU Triaxial Test with 7.61 t/m2 cell pressure

7.000
6.266
Deviator Stress (t/m2)

6.000

5.000

4.000

3.000 -Compressive Stress at Failure = 6.266 t/m2

2.000 -Strain at Failure = 6.840 %

1.000

0.000
0.000 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000 10.000 12.000 14.000 16.000

Axial Strain (%)

Figure 34: UU Triaxial Test graph for 7.61 t/m2 cell pressure
 UU Triaxial Test
8.000
7.000

Deviator Stress (t/m2) 6.000

5.000
4.000 2
Cell Pressure: 2.54 t/m
2
3.000 Cell Pressure: 5.07 t/m
2
2.000 Cell Pressure 7.61 t/m
1.000
0.000
0.000 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000

Axial Strain (%)

Figure 35: Comparison of UU Triaxial Test

Table 1.8: Cohesion and Angle Determination Table

Cohesion and Angle Determination

Soil Sample Type: Silty Clay (CH)
Cell Compressive Strain at
Sample σ1 = σ 3 + σ d 𝝈𝟏 + 𝝈𝟑 𝝈𝟏 − 𝝈𝟑
Pressure, Stress at failure, Failure p= q=
No. (t/m2) 𝟐 𝟐
(t/m2) (t/m2) (%)
1 2.540 6.122 17.848 8.662 5.601 3.061
2 5.070 6.780 13.171 11.850 8.460 3.390
3 7.610 6.266 6.840 13.876 10.743 3.133
2
Cohesion (t/m ) 3.044
Internal Friction Angle (φ) 0.802

Cohesion and Angle Determination

3.45
3.4
3.35
3.3
q (t/cm2)

3.25
3.2
3.15
3.1
-Cohesion = 3.044 t/m2
3.05
-Internal Friction Angle = 0.802°
3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

p (t/cm2)

Figure 36: Graph of Cohesion and Angle of Friction

EXPERIMENTAL CALCULATION
➢ Direct Shear Test (Sample No.1 at 0.010 cm)
𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
o Axial Strain =
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
0.010 𝑐𝑚
= × 100%
7.600 𝑐𝑚
= 0.138 %

𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
o Corrected Area = 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
1−( 100
)
11.340 𝑐𝑚 2
= 0.138
1−( 100 )

= 11.351 𝑐𝑚2
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑙
o Deviator Stress =
𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
1.186 𝑘𝑔 1 𝑐𝑚2 1𝑡
= × ×
11.351 𝑐𝑚2 0.0001 𝑚2 907.185 𝑘𝑔
= 1.045 𝑡/𝑚2
o Compressive Stress at failure = 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ
= 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
= 6.122 𝑡/𝑚2

o Strain at failure = 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑥 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑌

= 𝐴𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝐹𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑒
= 17.848 %

o σ1 = 𝜎 3 + 𝜎𝑑
= 2.540 𝑡⁄𝑚2 + 6.122 𝑡⁄𝑚2
= 8.662 𝑡/𝑚2

𝜎 1 + 𝜎3
o p =
2
8.662 𝑡⁄𝑚2 +2.540𝑡⁄𝑚2
=
2
= 5.601 𝑡/𝑚2

𝜎 1 − 𝜎3
o q =
2
8.662 𝑡⁄𝑚2 − 2.540𝑡⁄𝑚2
=
2
= 3.061 𝑡/𝑚2
➢ Data Calculation Example (Test No.1)
𝜋𝑑 2
o Soil Sample Area =
4
𝜋(3.80 𝑐𝑚)2
=
4
= 11.34 𝑐𝑚2
o Soil Sample Volume = 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

= 11.34 𝑐𝑚2 × 7.60 𝑐𝑚

= 86.19 𝑐𝑚3
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑒𝑡 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙
o Wet Unit Weight of Soil =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙
139.10 𝑔
=
86.19 𝑐𝑚3
= 1.61 𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚3

o Mass of Water (Before Test) = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑒𝑡 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙 + 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 −

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙 + 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟
= 132.05 𝑔 − 95.18 𝑔
= 36.87 𝑔
o Mass of Dry Soil (Before Test) = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙 + 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 −
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟
= 95.18 𝑔 − 34.62𝑔
= 60.56 𝑔

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
o Water Content % (Before Test) = × 100%
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙
36.87 𝑔
= × 100%
60.56 𝑔
= 60.88 %

𝑊𝑒𝑡 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙

o Dry Density of Soil (Before Test) = 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 %
1+ 100
1.61 𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚3
= 60.88 %
1+ 100
= 1.00 𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚3

o Mass of Water (After Test) = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑒𝑡 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙 + 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 −

o Mass of Dry Soil (After Test)
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙 + 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟
= 173.24 𝑔 − 117.09 𝑔
= 56.15 𝑔
= 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙 + 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 −
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟
= 117.09 𝑔 − 33.14𝑔
= 83.95 𝑔

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
o Water Content % (After Test) = × 100%
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙
56.15 𝑔
= × 100%
83.95 𝑔
 = 66.89 %

𝑊𝑒𝑡 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙

o Dry Density of Soil (After Test) = 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 %
1+
100
1.61 𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚3
= 66.89 %
1+
100
= 0.97 𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚3

o Cohesion = 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑌 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

= 3.044 𝑡/𝑚2

o Angle of Friction = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒

= 0.802°
REFERENCE
[1] ASTM D-2850-95 The Method for Unconsolidated - Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive
Soils, American Society for Testing and Materials, Washington, DC, USA, 2018