APUNTES FIRST B2 SHAPE THE FUTURE

Leticia Lage Bastarreche

UNIT 1: TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT

GRAMMAR:

TENSE REVIEW (pages 120-122 grammar map) ejercicios: pages 8-9 SB

READING: HELP: ADVICE NEEDED (AYUDA: SE NECESITA CONSEJO)

In advance, early = well ahead Con antelación, temprano = con mucha

antelación
Causing problems or difficulties = inconvenient Que causa problemas o dificultades =
inconveniente
Happening or done in a natural/ sudden way Que ocurre o se hace de forma natural/
without being planned = spontaneous repentina, sin estar planificado =
espontáneo
Involving the possibility of something bad Que implica la posibilidad de que ocurra
happening = risky algo malo= arriesgado
Specific or exact = certain Especifico o exacto= Seguro
Tips Consejos

Citizen of the world Ciudadano del mundo

To book a flight Reservar un vuelo

A ton Una tonelada

Fares Tarifas

Deal Oferta

To cost next to nothing No cuesta casi nada

Sightseeing Visitas turísticas

Souvenirs Souvenirs

Can’t beat it No se puede superar

Ahead of time Con antelación

To offer a lift Ofrecer un viaje

Fellow Compañeros de

Accommodation Alojamiento

Cut down costs Reducir costes

Tight budget Presupuesto ajustado
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Leticia Lage Bastarreche

PHRASAL VERBS:

PHRASAL VERBS MEANING

Get around (desplazarse) Travel
Check out (investigar sobre algo, comprobar, verificar) Get information
Check in(registrar) Register arrival
Run into (encontrarse con) Meet unexpectedly
Stay out (quedarse fuera) Return later than usual
Fill up (llenar) Become full

IDIOMS:

IDIOMS MEANING
Coming thick and fast Arrive quickly and in a high quantity

To step up a gear Make considerable progress in something

Hit speeds of Reach a maximum velocity

Before you know it Sooner than expected

VOCABULARY: TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT

WORD TRANSLATION
Accommodation Alojamiento
Cruise Crucero
Fauna Fauna
Local dishes Platos locales
Market stall Puesto de mercado
Scenery Paisaje
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Leticia Lage Bastarreche
Seaside Playa
Vegetation Vegetación
Waterfall Cascada
Scenery Paisaje
Beaches Playas
Bus rides Paseos en autobús
Tour Tour (a guided visit to a place or area)
Travel Viajar (to make a journey, usually over a
long distance)
Trip Viaje corto (a journey in which you go
somewhere, usually for a shor time, and
come back)
Voyage A long journey, especially by ship
Colourful Colorido
Exotic Exótico
Lush Exuberante
Luxury Lujo
Mouth-watering Apetitoso
Picturesque Pintoresco
Scenic Paisajístico, panorámico, pintoresco
Unspoilt Intacto

VOCABULARY: WAYS OF TRAVELLING

WORD TRANSLATION

AT THE AIRPORT EN EL AEROPUERTO

Aircraft Avión

Arrivals Llegadas

Boarding gate Puerta de embarque

Boarding pass Tarjeta de embarque

Cabin Cabina

Carry on luggage Equipaje de mano

Check-in desk Mostrador de facturación

Connection Conexión

Crew Tripulación

Customs Aduana

Departures lounge Sala de salidas

Terminal Terminal
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Leticia Lage Bastarreche
DIRECTIONS DIRECCIONES
Northward Hacia el norte

Southward Hacia el sur

Eastward Hacia el este

Westward Hacia el oeste

Inland Hacia el interior

Towards Hacia

Forward Hacia adelante

Outward Hacia el exterior

Upward Hacia arriba

PUBLIC TRANSPORT TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO

Direct Directo

First class Primera clase

International Internacional

Non-stop Sin escalas

Single Individual

Shuttle Lanzadera

WRITING: AN INFORMAL EMAIL

INFORMAL EXPRESSIONS TRANSLATION

Guess what! Adivina que?!

It’s so cool. It is excellent

You’ll never believe it, but… Think/believe

Chill out Relax and unwind

Reckon I think

Loads of stuff Many things

Anyway Finally
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Leticia Lage Bastarreche
MAKING CONTRAST:

- But (pero), despite (a pesar de), in spite of (a pesar de), even though (aunque)

SPEAKING: COMPLAINING

OFFERING INTRODUCING APOLOGISING SAYING SAYING WHAT’S SAYING YOU RESPONDING

HELP A REASON WHAT YOU WRONG ARE UNHAPPY TO A
FOR CALLING WANT/DON’T COMPLAINT
WANT
Hello, can I am calling to Then I don’t Can I have a It’s I don’t like Certainly, I’ll
I help complain think there is replacement, broken/damaged your attitude. get you
you? about… anything else please? another one.
we can do.
I’m sorry.
What was I’d like a It doesn’t do I’m afraid it’sI’m afraid I
the refund. what it’s just not good can’t give
problem? I’d rather supposed to do. enough. you your
have my money back,
money back. but I can give
you a credit
note.
I’d like to It doesn’t work I won’t be I’m sorry to
speak to the recommending hear that. Of
manager. you to anyone, course, I’ll
then. call the
manager
immediately.
I’m sorry, but What it says Please accept
I don’t want here is my
to exchange misleading. apologies.
it.
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Leticia Lage Bastarreche

UNIT 2: THE ENVIRONMENT

GRAMMAR: MODAL VERBS (page 123 grammar map) ejercicios: pages 22-23
APUNTES FIRST B2 SHAPE THE FUTURE
Leticia Lage Bastarreche
READING: THE HIDDEN COST OF MEAT

Causing damage to something = harmful Causar daño a algo= perjudicial

To happen = occurs Ocurrir = se produce
Where something comes from = source De dónde viene algo = fuente
Medical treatment = healthcare Tratamiento médico = asistencia sanitaria
A danger = threat Un peligro = amenaza
Hidden Oculto

Global warming Calentamiento global

Surface Superficie

Reflected Reflejado

Greenhouse gases Gases de efecto invernadero

Get trapped Quedan atrapados

Beef Carne

Amazingly Sorprendentemente

So on Así que en

Manure Estiércol

Farm animals Animales de granja

Tropical rainforests Bosques tropicales

Land Tierra

To feed on Para alimentarse

Furthermore Además

However Sin embargo

In addition Además

Avoid Evitar

Firstly En primer lugar

Secondly En segundo lugar

Developing countries Los países en desarrollo

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Leticia Lage Bastarreche
Dairy products Productos lácteos

Increase Aumentar

Agreement Acuerdo

Commitment Compromiso

Measures Medidas

Get elected Ser elegido

Pressure group Grupo de presión

Voter Votante

Courage Valor

PHRASAL VERBS:

PHRASAL VERBS MEANING

Weigh up (sopesar) Consider the advantages or disadvantages of
a situation before making a decision
Go for (ir a por) Choose a particular thing or item
Heat up (calendar) Makes something warm or hot
Cut down (talar) Make a tree fall to the ground
Put forward (presenter, proponer, exponer) Communicate a message clearly
Get across (entender) Offer an idea or opinion to help people make
a decision
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Leticia Lage Bastarreche
IDIOMS:

IDIOMS MEANING
Are skating on thin ice Doing something which involves risks/ is
dangerous
Faced the facts Admit that something is true
Get the picture Know and understand what something
means
Bear in mind Remember something that is important

VOCABULARY: THE ENVIRONMENT

WORD MEANING
Air pollution Contaminación del aire
Coal Carbón
Deforestation Deforestación

Gas Gas

Global warming Calentamiento global

Nuclear power Energía nuclear

Oil Petróleo

Solar panels Paneles solares

Waste Residuos

Wind turbines Aerogeneradores

Power stations Centrales eléctricas

Renewable energy Energía renovable

Fossil fuels Combustibles fósiles

Man-made climate change Cambio climático provocado por el hombre

Ecosystem Ecosistema

Solar power Energía solar

Sources of energy Fuentes de energía

Wind power Energía eólica

Environmental problems Problemas medioambientales

Packaging Envases
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Leticia Lage Bastarreche
VOCABULARY: WORD ROOTS

TRANS-: ACROSS
Translate Traducir

Transatlantic Transatlántico

Transplant Transplante

Transform Transformer

Transfer Transferir

-PORT: CARRY
Import Importar

Export Exportar

Airport Aeropuerto

Report Reportar, Informe

CON-:
Consent Consentir

Contract Contrato

IN-:
Increase Incrementar

Induce Inducir

Inject Inyectar

OB-:
Object Objeto, objetar

PRE-:
Present Regalo, presenter

PRO-:
Produce Producir

Project Proyecto, proyectar

Protract Prolongar
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Leticia Lage Bastarreche
SPEAKING: HAVING A DISCUSSION

DISAGREEING AGREEING SAYING MAKING A CONCLUDING INTRODUCING

YOU SUGGESTION A POINT OF
DON’T VIEW
KNOW
I disagree Good I really How Maybe not, but… Everyone is
(entirely) thinking! don’t about…? talking about
I don’t agree know. … these days.
(with you)
No way! I didn’t I’m afraid I Perhaps… OK, so we’ve What do you
You must be think of can´t decided that… think about…?
joking! that/ hadn´t make up
thought of my mind.
that.

I see what I quite I’m not Maybe we So, have we

you mean, agree./That sure what could… agreed on…?
but… is a good would be
point. best.
I’m not sure That’s
that is a good true./
idea You’re
right.

WRITING: AN OPINION ESSAY

EXPRESSING OPINIONS MEANING

Personally, I think that Personalmente, creo que…
It’s obvious that… Es obvio que…
I’m sure that… is necessary. Estoy seguro de que… es necesario.
I really do think that Realmente creo que…
I am convinced of the need to + (verb) Estoy convencido de la necesidad de…
It is clear to me that… Me parece evidente que…
To my mind En mi opinión…
I strongly believe that… Creo firmemente que…
CAUSE AND EFFECT
(This) can be achieved by (Esto) se puede conseguir…
For this reason, … Por ello, …
One consequence of this Una consecuencia de esto…
EXPRESSING FACTS
Research shows that… Las investigaciones demuestran que…
It is widely known Es ampliamente conocido…
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Leticia Lage Bastarreche