University of San Agustin

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

General Luna Street, Iloilo City, Philippines, 5000
Tel. No. (+63-33) 337-4841 to 44

Name: Treyes, Ma. Peveth Learsi P. Score:

Strand/Grade/Section: STEM 11-B Subject:

CHEM 11 (Gen. Chemistry 1)

Activity Title: A.4 Methods of Separating Mixtures

Learning Competencies:
1. Describe various simple separation techniques such as distillation,
chromatography

Reference/s:
General Chemistry 1, Nucum, Zenaida T. pages
31-33
 University of San Agustin
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City, Philippines, 5000
Tel. No. (+63-33) 337-4841 to 44

Instruction: On the video presented, write down the methods of separating

mixtures and write a brief description how these methods are done. Cite one
example in every method that we able to apply in everyday life.

1. Hand Picking
- It is also called Physical Manipulation or Manual Separation.
- The components of mixture should be big enough to be pick-up by hands.
EXAMPLE;
You have a little brother that always used to play his toys. He has a
collection of different cars, motors and trucks. Obviously, when a kid was done
playing, the room he was playing with his toys was in totally mess. In this
situation, You can use the hand-picking method. Pick the toys, arrange and
organize it; to make the room clean again.

2. Decantation
- A technique use in separating less dense substances from denser one.
- The mixture should be left undisturbed.
- It can be done by simply pouring or scooping the less dense substance to
the other container or base copy using spoons or cups.
EXAMPLE;
Vinegar typically contains 5–8% acetic acid by volume. Usually,
acetic acid is produced by the fermentation of ethanol or sugars by acetic
acid bacteria. Various fruits, grains, alcoholic drinks, and other fermentable
materials are used to provide several flavors to vinegar. During the process of
manufacturing and refining vinegar from vegetable material, it is usual to use
the decanting process to remove the heavier fats derived from the raw
material in the process.

3. FILTRATION
- It uses filler like mesh cloth or filler paper to separate solid components from
the liquid.
- This process is used if you want your water free from solid particles.
EXAMPLE;
In the rural areas, they used bomba(pump)-- or sibols(naturally source
of water). When it's raining, the water can be with some moss and sands.
Filtration can be used in this situation. You can use cloth to filter the water.
 University of San Agustin
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City, Philippines, 5000
Tel. No. (+63-33) 337-4841 to 44

4. SIEVING OR SIFTING

- It can be used in separating by fine compound.

- Sieving involves using strainer or a screen.

EXAMPLE;

In the kitchen the flour is usually sifted to aerate it, homogenize it, and thus
prevent it from forming lumps once mixed with other substances.

5. WINNOWING

- A process of separating unwanted particles by throwing the mixture in the air and
letting the wind blows the unwanted particles away.

EXAMPLE;

My GrandMother use this method, when she was cleaning the rice. I see
some dust in the air... She can separate rice with dust by simply throwing it into the
air.

6. USE OF MAGNETS

- Metals are attracted to magnet.

- Another good way of separating metals to non metals.

EXAMPLE;

Magnets are used to make a tight seal on the doors to refrigerators and
freezers.

7. EVAPORATION

- This is used in separating soluble solid from liquid by the use of heat.

EXAMPLE;

Drying clothes under the sun: water is removed from the clothes as water
droplets get evaporated due to heat of the sun.

 University of San Agustin

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City, Philippines, 5000
Tel. No. (+63-33) 337-4841 to 44

8. DISTILLATION

- This is a process of separating liquids from a solution.

EXAMPLE;

An example of a simple distillation mixture involving water is the separation of a

sugar water blend. Since sugar and water have different boiling points, the water will
begin to evaporate first, and then cool to turn into pure water. Sugar will be left behind in
the original container.

9. CHROMATOGRAPHY

- A technique that separate the components of the mixture based on the ability of each
components to be drawn across the surface of another material.

EXAMPLE;

In real life, The Police, F.B.I., and other detectives use chromatography when
trying to solve a crime. It is also used to determine the presence of cocaine in urine,
alcohol in blood, PCB's in fish, and lead in water. Chromatography is used by many
different people in many different ways.