SENIORHIGHSCHOOL

ACTIVITY12

Name: Edel Pink Ywayan Score/Mark:

Ma.Peveth Learsi Treyes
Grade,Year&Section: STEM11-B CourseNumber-Ti- SCI11-EARTHSCIENCE
tle:

Quarter: SECOND(2nd) SchoolYear/ 2022-2023/1STSEMESTER

Term:
TypeofActivi- WrittenWork-Participation TimeFrame: Week
ty:

Objective/s: Explain why Earth’s interior is hot; identify the layers of Earth; describe how
magma
is formed.
References: Reyes,J.A., &Reyes,M.A.(2017).EarthScience.OurUniverse.OurPlanet.OurFuture.
Intramuros,Manila:UnlimitedBooksLibraryServicesandPublishingInc.

A. Layer Review (21 pts.)

If one has the power to cut the earth in half, doing so will reveal the three major compo-
nents: crust, mantle, and core. Supply and complete the table entitled Earth’s Internal struc-
tures to summarizes the idea.

Earth’s Internal
Structure
Lay- Thickness Composition Average densi-
ers ty
Crust 40 km (25 continental about 2.7 grams
miles) crust- composi- per cubic cm
tion: granite,
Continental density: 40km
crust

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Oceanic crust about 6 km (4 Not including 3.0 g/cm3

miles) thick the top silt, it
is made up of
numerous stra-
ta. Basalt lavas
make up the
topmost layer,
which is around
500 meters
thick
(1,650 feet).
Mantle about 640 km about 55% 3.35 g/cm3 / 3.4
Upper mantle (400 mi) , 720 olivine g/cm3
km and 35% py-
roxene, and 5
to 10% of cal-
cium oxide and
aluminum ox-
ide.

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242 km, with density of the

typical typical transition zone

Transition zone uncertainties of uncertainties of was 0.21 +/-

7 7 0.13
km for excellent km for excellent and 1.02 +/-
0.70
data and 15 km data and 15 km ng./ml./cc

for noisy data. for noisy data.

Thicknesses of Thicknesses of

220-230 km are 220-230 km are

typical beneath typical beneath

high-heat-flow high-heat-flow

zones. zones.

Lower mantle 2,171 km The three 4.4 (g/cm3)

principal

elements of the

lower mantle
are
bridgmanite,

ferropericlase,

and calcium-

silicate per-
ovskite
(CaSiO3-

perovskite)

Core Outer core about 2,200 consists mostly outer core's

kilometers of liquid iron density is be-
(1,367 and tween

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miles) thick nickel. The out- 12.6-13 g/cm3.

er
core's Nife alloy
is
extremely
heated,
ranging be-
tween
4,500° and
5,500°
Celsius (8,132°

and 9,932°

Fahrenheit).

Inner core 1,230 to 1,530 composed of an between

km 9.9-12.2
thick. iron–nickel alloy g/cm3

with some other

elements.

B. Mysterious Magma

Direction: Answer the questions that follow. (9 pts.)

Magma is usually studied as lava or igneous rock. But most magma remains molten or partly
molten beneath Earth’s surface. In fact, magma has only been discovered three times in its “nat-
ural” habitat

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 SENIORHIGHSCHOOL
deep in Earth’s crust. Geothermal drilling projects discovered two magma sites on the “Big Is-
land” of Hawaii, and one on Iceland.
Knowing the characteristics of Earth’s interior and how magma is generated.

1. How do you think human can tap the potential of this material to our advantage? Give
example.
_ Geothermal energy is the name for this heat. Geothermal energy can be captured in a vari-
ety of ways, including geothermal power plants that use heat from deep inside the Earth to
generate steam, which is then used to generate electricity. Heat pumps that tap into heat
near the Earth's surface to heat water or supply heat for buildings are called geothermal
heat pumps.

2. Does the characteristic of the earth’s interior as “HOTTEST” layer pose a threat to hu-
man?
_ The Earth's molten iron core is extremely hot. The world would become cold and dead if it
cooled. Cooling could potentially jeopardize the planet's magnetic shield, which is formed by
heat from the core. The Earth is shielded from cosmic radiation by this barrier. Increased
heat exposure can harm your health and impair your performance. People may experience
increased irritability when the temperature or heat load rises. Concentration problems and
the inability to complete mental
tasks.
3. What is/are the benefits that human can gain from magma?
Volcanic elements eventually decompose and weather to form some of the world's most fer-
tile soils, which have yielded bountiful food and supported civilizations. Geothermal energy
has been created by harnessing the internal heat associated with young volcanic
systems.

C. What If

Direction: Answer every what if’s question and provide basis for your answer. (10 pts)
What if’s Question Answer Basis

What if the earth has no in-
ner and outer core?
The world would become
cold and dead if the core
cooled completely. Cooling
could potentially jeopardize
the planet's magnetic
shield, which is formed by
heat from the core. The
Earth is shielded from cos-
mic radiation by this barri-
er. A convection process in-
duced
by constantly moving iron
creates the shield.
The planet would become
frigid and lifeless if the
core cooled completely.
The magnetic shield around
the planet, which is formed
by heat from the core,
could be lost if the planet
cools. The Earth is shielded
from cosmic radiation
thanks to this shield. Con-
vection,
induced by constantly mov-
ing iron, creates the shield.

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