HVAC Systems

Design (Introduction)

HVAC Systems
Design (Load Estimation)
Eng.M.Nosier

+002 01117085208

Smartmech_nosier@yahoo
.com
1/7/2012
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Manual Load Estimation

Thermal loads sources include

a) Solar heat gain.
b) Transmission heat gain.
c) Internal heat gain.
d) Ventilation ,and infiltration.
Thermal load types divided into two types
a) Sensible Heat.
b) Latent Heat.
How to calculate sensible and latent heat effect on the building causes increasing internal
temperature of building?
a) Solar Heat Gain
By using the equation, Q=A*sc*q
Where Q = Aamount of heat produced due to solar radiation BTU/HR
A = Area of window (FT2)
SC = Overall factor for solar heat gain through glass (carrier H.B ; page 52)
q = Solar heat gain through ordinary glass (carrier H.B ; page 44)
b) Transmission Heat Gain include
1-Windows
Can be calculated by using equation Q1 = A * U * ΔT
Where Q1 = Amount of heat produced due to heat transmission through window.
A = Area of window (FT2)
U = Transmission coefficient U of windows (carrier H.B ; page 76)
To = Out side temp F
Tr = Room temp, F

2-WALL
Can be calculated by using equation Q2 = A * U * ΔTequivalent
Where Q2 = Amount of heat produced due to heat transmission through wall
U = Transmission coefficient U of Wall (carrier H.B; page 66)
ΔTequivalent = Equivalent temp
= Equivalent temp difference (carrier H.B; page 62) +Correction factor
(carrier H.B; page, 63

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3, 4, and 5 Floor, Paptions, Ceiling

Can be calculated by using equation Q3,4,5 = A * U * ΔT
Where Q3,4,5 = Amount of heat produced due to heat transmission through floor,
part ion, and ceiling (BTU/HR)
A = Area of through floor, part ion, and ceiling.
ΔT = 0 or 5 when your neighbour hood space was conditioned .
(To-10) – Ti when your neighbour hood space was not conditioned .
(To- – Ti) when your neighbour hood space was not conditioned , and very hot .

6-ROOF
Can be calculated by using equation Q6 = A * U * ΔT
Q6 = Amount of heat produced due to heat transfer through roof
A = Roof area
U = Transmission coefficient U –flat roof ((carrier H.B; page 71)
ΔTequivalent = Equivalent temp
= Equivalent temp difference (carrier H.B; page 63) +Correction factor
(carrier H.B; page, 63)
1- Internal heat gain
1. lighting
Q = Power (watt) * 3.4 BTU/HR for normal lighting
= Power (watt) * 4.2 BTU/HR for folarseat lighting

2. Electrical equipment
Q = Power (watt) * 3.4 BTU/HR
3. Electrical motors
Q = Power (HP) * 2545 BTU/HR
4. People
Human body dissipate two types of j heat
Sensible heat gain can be calculated as follow
Qs = number of persons * Ssensible heat gain for each person.
Latent heat gain can be calculated as follow
QL= number of persons * Latent heat gain for each person.

D) Ventilation and infiltration

Thermal load due to infiltration can be neglected.

Thermal load due to ventilation can be calculated as follow
Amount of air required for ventilation can be calculated by using 2 ways
CFM = (space volume (FT3)*n of air change)/60
OR = Amount of air required for each person *number of person
Qs = CFM * 1.08 * (To-Ti) BTU/HR
Ql = 0.68 ( (Gr/Ib)o – (Gr/Ib)i ) BTU/HR
Gr/Ib = Moisture content
From points A, B, C, and D
A/C Capacity = Ggrand sensible heat gain + Grand latent heat gain BTU/HR

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Hourly Analysis Program (HAP)

(Load Estimation Using HAP)

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