UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA

NOMBRE: LUCERO ACOSTA TERMINEL

PROYECTO III

DOCENTE: JOSÉ ABRAHAM GUTIERREZ ARAIZA

FECHA: 18/11/2022

CARRERA: INGENIERÍA EN TECNOLOGÍAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN.

MATRÍCULA: 210347

210347 LUCERO ACOSTA TERMINEL

 Encuentre (a) u · v y (b) el ángulo entre u y v al grado más cercano.
5. u (2, 0), v = (1, 1)
a · b = ax · bx + ay · by = 2 · 1 + 0 · 1 = 2 + 0 = 2
|a| = ax2 + ay2 = 22 + 02 = 4 + 0 = 4 = 2
|b| = bx2 + by2 = 12 + 12 = 1 + 1 = 2
cos α = a · b
|a|·|b|
cos α = 2
2 · 2 = 0.5·√2 ≈ 0.7071067811865476
α = 45°
6. u = i + √³j, v = −√3i+j
u= 1+ √³2, v= -√3(1)+2
u= 1+ √8, v=-√3+1
u= (1, 2.82), v= (1.72,1)
a · b = ax · bx + ay · by = 1 · 1.75 + 2.82 · 1 = 1.75 + 2.82 = 4.57
|a| = ax2 + ay2 = 12 + 2.822 = 1 + 7.9524 = 8.9524 = 0.02·√22381
|b| = bx2 + by2 = 1.752 + 12 = 3.0625 + 1 = 4.0625 = 0.25·√65
cos α = a · b
|a|·|b|
cos α = 4.57
0.02·√22381 · 0.25·√65
= 914
1454765
·√1454765 ≈ 0.7577915771709696
α = 40.73010688192277°

7. u = (2,7), v = (3, 1)
a · b = ax · bx + ay · by = 2 · 3 + 7 · 1 = 6 + 7 = 13

210347 LUCERO ACOSTA TERMINEL

|a| = ax2 + ay2 = 22 + 72 = 4 + 49 = 53

|b| = bx2 + by2 = 32 + 12 = 9 + 1 = 10

cos α = a · b|a|·|b|
cos α = 1353 · 10 = 13530√530 ≈ 0.5646839155919902
α = 55.61965527615514°

8. u = (-6, 6), v = (1, -1)

a · b = ax · bx + ay · by = (-6) · 1 + 6 · (-1) = - 6 - 6 = -12
|a| = ax2 + ay2 = (-6)2 + 62 = 36 + 36 = 72 = 6·√2
|b| = bx2 + by2 = 12 + (-1)2 = 1 + 1 = 2
cos α = a · b
|a|·|b|
cos α = -12
6·√2 · 2
= -1
α = 180°

9. u (3,-2), v = (1, 2)
a · b = ax · bx + ay · by = 3 · 1 + (-2) · 2 = 3 - 4 = -1
|a| = ax2 + ay2 = 32 + (-2)2 = 9 + 4 = 13

|b| = bx2 + by2 = 12 + 22 = 1 + 4 = 5

cos α = a · b|a|·|b|
cos α = -113 · 5 = -165√65 ≈ -0.12403473458920845
α = 97.12501634890181

10. u = 2i+j, v = 3i – 2j

u= 2(1) +2, v= 3(1)-2(2)

u= (2,2) v= (3,-4)
a · b = ax · bx + ay · by = 2 · 3 + 2 · (-4) = 6 - 8 = -2

210347 LUCERO ACOSTA TERMINEL

|a| = ax2 + ay2 = 22 + 22 = 4 + 4 = 8 = 2·√2

|b| = bx2 + by2 = 32 + (-4)2 = 9 + 16 = 25 = 5

cos α = a · b|a|·|b|
cos α = -22·√2 · 5 = -0.1·√2 ≈ -0.1414213562373095
α = 98.130102354156°

11. u = −5j, v = -i - √3j

u= -5(2), v= -1 - √3(2)
u= -10, v =-1 -√6
u= -10, v =-1 -2.44
u= (-10,0) v= (1,-2.44)

a · b = ax · bx + ay · by = (-10) · 1 + 0 · (-2.44) = - 10 + 0 = -10

|a| = ax2 + ay2 = (-10)2 + 02 = 100 + 0 = 100 = 10

|b| = bx2 + by2 = 12 + (-2.44)2 = 1 + 5.9536 = 6.9536 = 0.04·√4346

Calculemos el ángulo entre vectores:
cos α = a · b|a|·|b|
cos α = -1010 · 0.04·√4346 = -254346·√4346 ≈ -0.37922341748388194
α = 112.28558764683278°

12. u = i + j, v=i-j
u= (1,2), v= (1,2)
a · b = ax · bx + ay · by = 1 · 1 + 2 · 2 = 1 + 4 = 5
|a| = ax2 + ay2 = 12 + 22 = 1 + 4 = 5

|b| = bx2 + by2 = 12 + 22 = 1 + 4 = 5

cos α = a · b|a|·|b|
cos α = 55 · 5 = 1
α = 0°

210347 LUCERO ACOSTA TERMINEL

13. ui+3j, v = 4i- j
u= 1+3(2) v= 4(1) -2
u= (1,6 ) v= (4,-2)
a · b = ax · bx + ay · by = 1 · 4 + 6 · (-2) = 4 - 12 = -8
|a| = ax2 + ay2 = 12 + 62 = 1 + 36 = 37

|b| = bx2 + by2 = 42 + (-2)2 = 16 + 4 = 20 = 2·√5

cos α = a · b|a|·|b|
cos α = -837 · 2·√5 = -4185·√185 ≈ -0.2940858488375231
α = 107.10272896905236°

14. u = 3i+ 4j, v = -2i-j

u= 3(1)+4(2), v= -2(1) – 2
u= (3, 8) v= (-2, -2)
a · b = ax · bx + ay · by = 3 · (-2) + 8 · (-2) = - 6 - 16 = -22
|a| = ax2 + ay2 = 32 + 82 = 9 + 64 = 73

|b| = bx2 + by2 = (-2)2 + (-2)2 = 4 + 4 = 8 = 2·√2

cos α = a · b|a|·|b|
cos α = -2273 · 2·√2 = -11146·√146 ≈ -0.9103664774626047
α = 155.55604521958347°

9-12 Nos dan dos vectores a y b. (a) Encuentre un vector perpendicular a a y a b. (b)
Encuentre un vector unitario perpendicular a a y a b.
9. a = (1, 1, 1), b = (−1, 1, −1)
a · b = ax · bx + ay · by + az · bz = 1 · (-1) + 1 · 1 + 1 · (-1) = - 1 + 1 - 1 = -1
|b| = bx2 + by2 + bz2 = (-1)2 + 12 + (-1)2 = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
Proj ba = -13 = -13 ≈ -0.5773502691896257
10. a (2, 5, 3), b = (3, -2, -1)
a · b = ax · bx + ay · by + az · bz = 2 · 3 + 5 · (-2) + 3 · (-1) = 6 - 10 - 3 = -7
|b| = bx2 + by2 + bz2 = 32 + (-2)2 + (-1)2 = 9 + 4 + 1 = 14
Proj ba = -714 = -√3.5 ≈ -1.8708286933869707

210347 LUCERO ACOSTA TERMINEL

210347 LUCERO ACOSTA TERMINEL