Cultural Minorities in the Philippines

1. TASADAY- South Cotabato, Mindanao -most primitive tribe - gentle, cave-dwelling, food-gathering clan - flower-eating tribe - they still live in remote areas or caves 2. MANGYAN Mindanao - Hut dwelling, sweet potato eater tribes in Mindoro - A.K. A. - Iraya, Tagaydan - Submissive folks - They play ancestral songs etched on bamboo 3. HANUNOO true Mangyan Git-git small wooden violin with humn hair 4. TAGBANUA - People of the country in Palawan - They wear scanty dresses, nature related religion 5. NEGRITO TRIBES - Aeta, Ate, Ita, Eta - Small kinky-haired, dark, lives near land - Ati Group of Panay Island best known Filipino Negritos - Credited with welcoming historys first Malay datus from Baguio 6. MOUNTAIN PEOPLE - Benguets, Bontocs, Ifugaos - Higly developed agricultural economy - They worship nature spirits BENGUET - They grow rice, coffee, vegetables, raise livestock - Caao is the community prestige feast which conducts animal sacrifice BONTOC - Highly individualistic tribes - Products (hand-loomed textiles) - Coffins in cliffs - Ato meeting place of the village - Ulog is their public dormitory for young girls - Lumawig - is the good of the Bontocs KALINGA - Tall, handsome mountain people

- Mountain hospitality is based in BASI 7. MUSLIM - Moslems or Moros, largest cultural minority in the philippines - Tausugs, Maranao, Samal TAUSUG (Muslim) - First to be Islamized - very muscular life, combative MARANAO (Muslim) - Graceful people of the lake in the Lake Lanao - Last tribe to be Islamized - Most quarrelsome Muslim Community - Nagas (serpent figures) MAGUINDANAO (Muslim) - People of the flood plain SAMAL (Muslim) - Poorest and least independent Muslim group - They live over the sea BADJAO (Muslim) - Sea gypsies. Superficially Islamized. 8. YAKAN - Polynesian origin with mixed Muslim and animist religion. 9. NON-MUSLIM OF MINDANAO (TIRURAY, TBOLI, BAGOBO and SUBANON) TIRURAY - Horse riding hill people TBOLI - Who live in Lake Cibu of Cotabato, wealthy of crafts BAGOBO - With weaponry traditions and they weave abaca SUBANON - Originated in of the countrys highest traditions of pottery. 10. LUMAD - Indigenous people of Southern Mindanao - Cebuano term which means native - Short for Katawhang Lumad - Neither Muslim or Christians

Upper God creator of all aspects of life Lower Gods who dominate the natural environment, farms They believe in Animism Illnesses are due to their failure to satisfy the spirits Farming their most important economic activity Strongly communal and personalistic Politicalization organization is centered on Datu System Bagani headman who holds political authority

11. MORO - Spanish term for moor or Muslims 1. Maranao of Lanao - people of the lake 2. Maguindanaoan of Cotabato - ruled the most island of Mindanao 3. Sangils of Davao archipelago sprawling the Celebes Sea 4. Yakans of Basilan Yakan is a mispronounced Yakal by Spaniards Basilan Basi (iron) and Balani (magnate) 5. Tausugs of Sulu tau (people) and mai-sug (brave) Objects of Devotion: ALLAH the Almighty, Creator MOHAMMED prophet of Islam - they are great warriors, can fight in land and sea. 12. FOLK - the people in general (relatives, originating among the ordinary people) -Objects of Devotion: Jesus Christ the son of God Virgin Mary, other patron saints Sunday is the day for rest and worship - great majority preffered living in fields 13. POPULAR/LIGHT - people who are obsessed with honor, rank - sharing or exchanging of beliefs 14. SPECALIST/SERIOUS Eminent Thinkers philosophers, lawyers and leaders Writers - Jose Rizal and Francisco Baltazar Artists, Scientists Spritual Leaders, Experts - came onto being because of the cultural movements - Filipino American culture centers on family and kinship relations - education is viewed as a means of securing social and economic success 15. MASS/POP - people of the 20TH Century whose object of devotion are their idiots - people who are selfish, self-centered - they do progressive things than their own sake