Teaching-Approaches in Classroom

TKT CHUNK SERIES®
Teaching
Approaches
www.tktcambridge.com
TKT Chunk Series® is a registered term associated with TKT Cambridge
By
Noel Perera
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TKT CHUNK SERIES®
Teaching
Approaches
You need a hammer to pound a nail into
wood. You need a saw to cut the wood
into pieces. No single approach can
answer all of the learners’ difficulties. As
no single approach is perfect, they all do
share their own pros and cons.
TKT CHUNK 1
Activity-Based
Learning
A way of learning by doing activities. The
rules of language are looked at either
after the activity or not at all.
TKT CHUNK 2
Communicative
Approach
A way of teaching which is based on the
principle that learning a language
successfully involves communication
rather than just memorising a series of
rules. Teachers try to focus on
meaningful communication, rather than
focusing on accuracy and correcting
mistakes all the time.
TKT CHUNK 3
Functional
Approach
A way of teaching which uses a syllabus
based on functions rather than on
grammatical structures.
TKT CHUNK 4
Grammar-
Translation Method
A way of teaching in which students
study grammar and translate words into
their own language. They do not practise
communication and there is little focus
on speaking. A teacher presents a
grammar rule and vocabulary lists and
then students translate a written text
from their own language into the second
language.
TKT CHUNK 5
Guided Discovery
A way of teaching in which teachers

provide examples of the target language
and then guide the students to work out
the language rules for themselves.
TKT CHUNK 6
Lexical Approach
The lexical approach is a way of

analysing and teaching language based
on the idea that it is made up of lexical
units rather than grammatical
structures. The units are words, chunks
formed by collocations, and fixed
phrases.
TKT CHUNK 7
Presentation,
Practice and
Production (PPP)
A way of teaching new language in which
the teacher presents the language, gets
students to practise it in exercises or
other controlled practice activities and
then asks students to use the same
language in a communicative way in their
practice.
TKT CHUNK 8
Situational
Presentation
A way of presenting a new language

through a simple story or situation. The
teacher may use pictures or other aids
to help them create the situation.
TKT CHUNK 9
Structural
Approach
A way of teaching which uses a syllabus

based on grammatical structures. The
order that the language is presented is
usually based on how difficult it is
thought to be.
TKT CHUNK 10
Task-Based
Learning (TBL)
A way of teaching in which the teacher
gives students meaningful tasks to do.
The teacher may ask students to think
about the language they have used to do
the tasks, but the main focus for
students is on the task itself. Project
work is task-based.
TKT CHUNK 11
Test-Teach-Test
The teacher asks students to do a task
without giving them any help, to see how
well they know a certain piece of
language (this is the first test). The
teacher then presents the new language
to the students (teach), then asks the
students to do another task using the
new language correctly (this is the
second test).
TKT CHUNK 12
Total Physical
Response (TPR)
A way of teaching in which the teacher
presents language items as instructions
and the students have to do exactly what
the teacher tells them, e.g. 'Open the
window!' 'Stand up!' This method is very
meaningful and good for beginners when
they start to learn a new language, as
they have a silent period and can make
fast progress.
TKT CHUNK 13
Audio-Lingual
Method
This method emphasizes the teaching of
listening and speaking before reading
and writing. It uses dialogues as the main
form of language presentation and drills
as the main training techniques. The use
of mother tongue is discouraged in the
classroom.
TKT CHUNK 14
Direct Method
Also known as 'Natural Method', its main

focus is the oral skill and it is taught via
repetitive drilling. Grammar is taught
using an inductive way and students
need to try and guess the rules through
the teacher’s oral presentation.
TKT CHUNK 15
Suggestopedia
This method relies heavily on students’

belief about the method’s effectiveness.
It’s essential that all learners feel equally
comfortable and confident. Each
Suggestopedia lesson is divided into
three different phases – 1. Deciphering 2.
Concert Session 3. Elaboration.
TKT CHUNK 16
The Silent Way
This method of learning English follows a

structural syllabus and grammar,
vocabulary and pronunciation are
constantly drilled and recycled for
reinforcement. It emphasises learner
autonomy. The teacher acts merely as a
facilitator trying to encourage students
to be more active in their learning.
The purpose of TKT Chunk
Series® is to provide a quick bit-
size revision of terms related to a
specific topic in TKT.
This ebook is available for FREE

distribution for educational
purposes, provided that no piece
of content is changed, removed, or
added.
This ebook and many other TKT

and English teaching related
ebooks are available for FREE at:
https://www.tktcambridge.com/lea
rning-to-teach-english-a-practical-
introduction-to-new-teachers/
By
Noel Perera

Teaching-Approaches in Classroom

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Teaching-Approaches in Classroom

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TKT CHUNK SERIES®

A way of teaching in which teachers

The lexical approach is a way of

A way of presenting a new language

A way of teaching which uses a syllabus

Also known as 'Natural Method', its main

This method relies heavily on students’

The Silent Way

This method of learning English follows a

This ebook is available for FREE

This ebook and many other TKT

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