Study Guide Exam 1

Test Format: 50 multiple-choice questions (bring scantron)

Chapter 1:

 Know the definition of Biology and science

 Know the 11 levels of life’s organization
 Know the properties of life
 Know the three domains of life
 Know the definition of cell
 Know the definition of a hypothesis and a theory (be able to identify one that is written)
 Know the definition of control and variables
 Know the 5 unifying themes in biology; definition of evolution

Chapter 2:

 Know the definition of an atom is and what it is composed of. Know the subatomic
particles and their charges.

 Know the definition of element and what the atomic number and mass are; know
property of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
 Major elements in our body
 Know the definition of an isotope
 From lecture you must remember the octet rule or “Rule of 8’s” for the shell models for
C,H,O,N (any or all could be given on the exam).

Example: Carbon has a total of six electrons (atomic number shows the number
of protons, which = the number of electrons). Remember 2 in the first shell and
8 after that.
 C -6 elec.

 Know the definition of a chemical bond and the three main types: Ionic, hydrogen, and
covalent bond.
 Know the definition of polar and non-polar (electronegativity)
 Know the three main properties of water, and be able to draw a water molecule; density
of water at 3 different states.
 Know what is the pH scale and what makes a substance an acid or a base
 Know what causes ocean acidification

Chapter 3:

 Know what an organic molecule is

 What is a functional group? Can you identify some?
 Know the definition of monomer and polymer
 Condensation (joining) synthesis reaction: Removal of water

 Hydrolysis (breakdown) reaction: Addition of water

 Know the definition of Enzyme

Macromolecule monomer Structure or shape (polymer) function

or Biomolecule
Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides Primary energy
Sugar, fruit source of cells,
structure and
sugar,cellulose support in
of plants, starch plant cells and
(food), glycogen some insects
(stored sugar), Carbohydrates are usually found etc., storage
chitin with ring structures energy
Ex.glucose,fructose
,cellulose etc.
Lipids: fats, No real monomer, Insulation
waxes, oils, but can contain cushioning of
organs, energy
steroids glycerol (fats or reserves, main
(cholesterol), triglycerides) component of
phospholipid bi- cell
layer (cell membranes,
Long chains of hydrocarbons steroids
membrane)
Proteins: Linear - primary Structure and
myosin and Sheets or coils – secondary support,
movement,
actin, enzymes, 3D shape of a protein – tertiary enzymes, fight
antibodies, Two or more polypeptides disease/infect.
membrane covalently bonded together - , speed up
Amino acid
proteins quaternary chemical react.
example
Nucleic acids: ATP energy,
DNA, RNA, ATP DNA genetic
material., RNA
Making
proteins
nucleotide