6 Reading oe e 'DOIT, youdoit, even theanclent [Greeks didit. Travelling for pleasure, travelling to experience new placesand events, travelingto relaxand get away fromitall in other ‘words, tourism. Ever since man fist emerged from his ‘cave-dwelling, it seems he fetthe urge totravel. But tourism had to waitforthe Civilization of ancient Greece beforeit really got moving. The Olympic Games ‘of 776 BC were the frstinternational tourist event, with people traveling from many countriesto watch and take part. Ofcourse f youwant totravel rom A 1088, a good road isalways an advantage, and we havea lotto thankthe Romans {forhere. During the heyday of the Roman Empire they built thousands of roads. Some ofthe fst people totake advantage ofthese roads were religious travellers visiting cathedrals, shrines, or holy sites=the word holiday, afterall, ‘originally comes from ‘holy day ilgims like Geoffrey Chaucer would telieach ‘other stories to entertain themselves on the road, Nowadays we have the insight. ‘movie in medieval times they had the Canterbury Tales! Gradually, more and more people cought the travel bug At isis th nobility who setoutin the 17thand I ‘centuries on theirGrandTours=an ‘eseential part of every young 9 ‘education, At the same time the U classes were locking to spa towns In groups, discuss what you think were the five most important eventsin the development of tourism. ‘Footprints in the sands of time’ Youare going to read a magazine article about the history of tourism. When did tourism begin? Who were the first tourists? Now read the article and list the key events mentioned for each of these periods. ancient Greece —early Christianity —theRomans 17th and 18th centuries ABITOF TIME OFF WORK, Viral sictod tah co} Do eomanti esa ENTERTAINMENT, LOOSE Coretta seat ciate TOURIST OF TODAY ISNT VERY DIFFERENT FROM Matcel coud laine Keres) REN eo) PEGE ol IU TAKES A GENTLE LOOK AT Drrlciltarelscelgials Ronit tae Citta a Buti as leveopmentsin transport ute opened ie Inst Fe therewere seigesiches anvcoaching inn, hence tar Seed suddeny the world warosmal Place Stesmboatsrossdthe English Channel andralwoysstetched thee Iron webs across the civilized world. No ssoonerhad the fist allways been built inthe 1830s thanenterprising men like ‘Thomas Cookin England began to ‘exploittheif potential by selling sized tours. ‘With excursions across continental “Europe, the building of hotelsand, Bath and Cheltenham. They also enjoyed resorts tocater forthe tastes ofthe ‘the healthy pleasures of sea-bathing at Brighton and other resorts. leasure-seekers,and the introduction f hotel vouchers and traveller's bid ~ 19th century — post-World War Two ~ modein form was born. By the end ofthe 19th century the middle lasseshad > Joined the tourist lsses,and mass “oursmwasareality. ifthe 19th century sow the bith of mass tourism, then the postwar years have witnessedits coming of age. Soon after the end ofthe Second World War, paid holidays became normalin tain ‘and many other counties. People now had more disposable income to spend ‘onleisuretime, and traveland tourism ‘were avalable tothe many rather than theelite few. Holiday camps sprang up, offering the masses an affordable accommodation-and-enterainment package. Televsionsets were appearing In more and more homes, bringing the attractions of distant lands into peoples living rooms, Package holidays abroad began to appear inthe 1950s. Butit Wasnt unt the introduction ofthe frst commercial jetaiiners that theidea of foreign holidays ell took off Inrecent decades things ave only got betterfor the tourstfaster and cheaper travel options awiderrange ofsuitable accommodation, more time and money tospend on thet holidays Toursmas come along way fom ts distant, humble beginnings So when youre next. _ wandering along asurkissed foreign beach sipping your cocktail gazingatthe sunset and tying to forget your wordly ‘ares remember=you maybe eadingin, thefootprintsofa T9th-century ladventuey a gentleman on hs Grand Tour pigrimora crusader orevena © rranseleroranarient Get My, se “i© Read the article again and answer these questions. 1 What reasons are given for people wanting to travel? 2 Find four examples of improvements in transport. 3 What were the Canterbury Tales? 4 What did Thomas Cook do? '5 Why was the introduction of hotel vouchers and traveller’s cheques so important? 6 Why were holiday camps so popular? 7 What technical development helped the expansion of package holidays abroad? 8 Explain these expressions: a travelling to relax and get away from it all (paragraph 1) b more and more people caught the travel bug (paragraph 4) € the idea of foreign holidays really took off (paragraph 7) 4 trying to forget your worldly cares (paragraph 8) Output task Pioneers of tourism ‘The text on page 12 mentions one person, Thomas Cook, who was an important influence on the development of tourism, Do you know any other ‘pioneers of tourism’ from any of the periods described? Have you heard of Freddie Laker or César Manrique? @ Divide into three groups. Each group is going to read about one of these three pioneers of tourism —Thomas Cook, Freddie Laker, and César Manrique. Inyour groups, fill in the information for your person in this chart. Dates Job orrolein tourism Achievements/events (with dates) General contribution to development of tourism ‘Any otherimportant information © When you have made notes, get together with members ofthe other ‘groups and find out about the other pioneers of tourism. Discuss the different contributions made by each of the pioneers. Who do you think made the most valuable and important contribution? Why?Thomas Cook Feeuitions of people around the ‘world, the name Thomas Cook means travellers cheques and travel agencies ~ ‘but who was Thomas Cook? He was the first person to develop mass tourism. He ‘organized excursions and tours which ‘opened up the world f traveling for pleasure to the middle classes. Many of the things which we now take for ‘granted in modern tourism date backto ‘Thomas Cook things like traveller’ ‘cheques, hotel vouchers, and chartered transport. “Thomas Cook lived in Leicester in the centre of England inthe mid-19th century. He organized his first tour. railway excursion from Leicesterto Loughborough, in 1841-A total of570 passengers joined it. The excursion was so successful that Cook organized other similar events. Allof the early tours used the newly-invented railways ‘Cook organized is fist major continental tour in 1855 but it lost money. However, by 1862 he had ‘managed to negotiate cheaper rates for crossing the English Channel. The cheaper rates were in return fora ‘guarantee that he would bring large ‘numbers —the essence of mass tourism. ‘Tours to France and to Switzerland became regular events. The Swiss in particular quickly recognized the need to build the things that the tourists wanted —hotelsand other facilites -s0.a whole tourist industry began to develop. Aer the opening ofthe Saez Canal in 1869, Egypt also became a popular destination for Cook's tours. Inthe early 1870she organized the first round-the- world tour, lasting 222 days. So inalitle over thirty yearsthe foundations of modern mass tourism were established, reddie laker was one ofthe pioneers ‘of moder passenger airtravel.He ‘was born in England in 1922, and from nearly agehe wasinvolved with aircraft. He was an aircraft engineerin the Second World War and also learnt ness ability appeared soon afer the war ended, In the Berlin aieift of 1948 he was one ofa number of businessmen who bought and chartered planes to take food and supplies tothe people of Berlin when the city was blockaded by the Russians ‘This carly entrepreneurial experience Jed Freddie Laker to increased business activity in the 1950s. He was oneofa ‘number of businessmen who helped the rapid expansion ofairtravel, using recent developments inairaft technology. In 1955, for example, he set uupan ir service carrying passengers and carsacross the Channel between England and France. Te wasin the 19608 and 1970s that the real growth in charter air travel happened, ax more and more people ‘wanted to go on package holidays. Laker was at the forefront ofthis. He ran British United Airways from 1960 t0 1965, and Laker Airways from 1966 to 1982, His main achievement was to set ‘up companies which were independent ofthe big state corporations, and to offer cheap flights for thousands of people. Perhaps the best example ofthis was the Skytrain passenger service tothe USA which started price war on the transatlantic routes from 1977 to 1982. Freddie Laker helped to make air travel a realisticand fairly cheap possibility for ‘many travellers and tourists he tribute most often pad to César Manriqueisthat withouthis efforts tourist development on Lanzarote ‘would have fllowed the high-tse, high density routeand theisland wouldhave lost itsicentity. In the environmentally ‘conscious 1990s Lanzarote s studied by ‘other countries who are developing tourlsm,andisusedasarolemodel. Manrique wasborn in Arrecifein 1919 and studied artin Madrid and New York ata time when surrealism wasa ‘major influence, He returned to his beloved island in 1968, determined to preserve its natural beauty inthe face of| tourism, His major set-piece visitor attractions, Jameos del Agua, Mirador del Rio, and Jardin de Cactus are ‘masterpieces of design which are totally inarmony withthe landscape. ‘The hallmarks of any Mantique projectare the use oflocal materials, integration with natute,anda ‘completely peaceful atmosphere (often helped by ethereal ‘mood music’), ll finished witha flourish ofhisown brand of surrealat ‘Manrique was far more than just an artist and designer, however, He was the | driving force behind the islan’s whole tourism development philosophy. He wasa fiery orator and a tireless promoter ‘of the island, and its thanks to him that almost al the architecture on Lanzarote isin traditional style and that ther still total an on advertising hoardings. ‘César Manrique died ina ear accident just outside his Taro de Tahiche home in September 1992. Hisinfluence has been +9 pervasive throughout Lanzarote that hisphilosoplhy is sure olive on,