Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation

Special Science High School

Vol. 1 No.4 (2021)
The Impact of Socio-economic Status on the Academic Achievement of Junior High
School Students
Judi Leann A. De Vera, Alysa Julienne S. Ebalin, Khristine R. Gutierrez, Joyce R. Nobleza, Jashley A.
Palisoc, Marie Stephanie G. Perez, and Nicel May Reynante
Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Special Science High School, Dr. Martin P. Posadas Avenue, San
Carlos City, 2420 Pangasinan
Cloma J. Bustarde, LPT, Practical Research II
Abstract - The background of family played a significant role in the educational development of the
students. In this study, the researchers examined the Impact of Socio-economic Status on Academic
Performance of Junior High School Students. The researchers used a descriptive research design and used
stratified random sampling as the sampling technique. This study aimed to find out the significance
between socioeconomic status and academic achievement and also researchers aimed that such
discrepancies may be caused by the different levels of learning motivation among the students. The study
was conducted using Google Forms and resulted that most of the respondents were 15-16 years old,
Female and were part of the academic excellence. Also, majority of the students have an average IQ level
and their parents’ income is P20,000 above. It is concluded that socioeconomic status and academic
achievement is significant to each other which means that factors of socioeconomic status definitely
affected the students’ studying capacity or academic achievement. The researchers recommended to
conduct a virtual meeting when taking the IQ test to accurately get the results and avoid cheating,
especially if it is not face to face.
Keywords: achievement, SES, socioeconomic status, academic achievement
INTRODUCTION countries in terms of reading, mathematical, and
scientific literacy. Children with similar family
Education is a lasting process. A lot of children SES may not have the same academic
didn’t have a chance to study due to the reason achievement. Researchers aimed that such
that they do not afford to enroll themselves. discrepancies may be caused by the different
There is an old saying in China: “Children from levels of learning motivation among the students.
poor families take up responsibilities early.” As Researchers assumed that for students with
another example, the success of students in strong motivation, the influence of SES on
Asian educational systems is attributed by many reading ability is weakened. However, for
media outlets to their coherent approach and students with weak motivation, the influence of
having a culture devoted to education (Coughlan SES through the mediating variable is
2016). Students from poor families raised in a strengthened.
fairly difficult environment. Over time, a
consensus has been reached that SES is According to Suleman, Hussain, Khan, and Nisa
comprised of (at a minimum) parental education, (2012), investigated whether parental SES had
family income, and parents’ occupation (or an effect on the academic achievement of 10th
occupational prestige) since these three grade students studying in Pakistan. Because
indicators reflected different aspects of family these forms of achievement are difficult to be
background (Brese and Mirazchiyski 2013). assessed, most researchers have relied on a
narrower definition that is largely limited to
They want to change their current situation more outcomes on standardized achievement tests.
urgently than students who are better off, and
they could think that it will be easier to do so if Hence, it is required to examine how family
they studied harder and did better at school. In background affected children’s academic
other words, family Socio-Economic Status achievement at an early stage. Socioeconomic
influenced individual success differently status (SES), which generally involved factors
according to the motivation. The agency reported such as parental educational background,
that the overall performance of representative occupation and income level, is a strong
participants in the Programme for International predictor of student achievement. That is,
Student Assessment (PISA, 2018) significantly students with higher parental SES demonstrated
fell behind from its neighboring ASEAN increased academic performance when compared

1

to those with lower parental SES. Moreover,
Orbeta (2011) stated that due to the
implementation of the program (4P’s), parents
now worked to compensate for loss of income
from children who attended school.
Along similar lines, Vincent and Sutherland
(2013) described SES as “a measure of the
economic and social status of an individual or
group of individuals based on, education,
income, occupation, and other relevant
indicators, relative to other members of the
population” (p. 3).
This study examined two important aspects.
Firstly, it studied the relationship between Socio-
Economic Status (SES) of the family and
academic achievements of the students.
Secondly, it investigated the different effects of
SES on the student’s academic achievement.
Statement of the Problem
This study will be conducted to test the Impact
of Socio-Economic Status on the Academic
Achievement of Grade 10 Students of
VMUFSSHS data needed for the research, in the
school year 2019-2020.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following
problems:
1. What are the profiles of the respondents in
terms of:
a) Age
b) Sex
c) Income of parents per year
d) Achievements/Awards
e) IQ
2. What are the factors that help Grade 10
students to aim excellent academic performance?
a) Internal Factors
b) External Factors
3. Is there a significant relationship between the
internal and external factors that helps the Grade
10 students to their academic achievement?
Hypothesis
In the hypothesis, the researchers predicted the
relationship between variables with the
confidence level of 0.05 that there is no
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Vol. 1 No.4 (2021)
significant relationship between the
socioeconomic status of the students to their
academic achievement.
Conceptual Framework
The research study focused on the complexity
between socioeconomic status and academic
achievement, a socioeconomic psychological
approach will be adopted.
In the input, the study was conducted at Virgen
Milagrosa University Foundation Special
Science Junior High School with the use of
Grade 10 students, together with the two
variables, Socio-ecoonomic status and academic
achievements. The descriptive research design
and stratified random sampling was used to
gather numerical data. Frequency, percentages
and other statistical tools were used to calculate
data to get the output, “The Impact of Socio-
Economic Status of Family on the academic
Achievement of Grade 10 Students of
VMUFSSHS”
Definition of Terms
The words used in these research study are
understood to have the following meanings:
1. Socioeconomic status-is the social
standing or class of an individual or
group. It is often measured as a
combination of education, income and
occupation. It is the condition of a
students’ financial being which affected
how he/she lives his/her life.
2. Academic Achievement- is the current
level of student’s learning. Referred to
the percentage of students at a school
whose learning currently met or
exceeded their grade-level standards. It
also referred to the result of the
student’s hard work academically.
3. Income- is money that an individual or
business received in exchange for
provided labor, produced good or
service, or through invested capital. It
also referred to the finance and profit of
the parents that they use to support their
child (students).
4. Family Influence- included coercive
interaction patterns, in which parent-
child dyads learned to use increasingly
intense behavior and coerced the other

person into submitting to their demands.
It also referred to how the family
influenced the student’s mental,
emotional and social being which
affected the student’s decision making
skills and social skills.
METHODOLOGY
Methodology discussed the different processes
needed to gather information for the research
study’s validity. This chapter discussed the
Subject of the Study, Procedure and Data
Analysis.
Research Design
In this study, designated “The Impact of Socio-
Economic Status on the Academic Achievement
of Grade 10 Students of Junior High School”.
researchers will use descriptive research design,
in order to accurately describe the factors that
can affect the students’ academic performances.
According to Shona McCombes (2019),
Descriptive research aims to accurately and
systematically describe a population, situation or
phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when
and how questions, but not why questions.
Additionally, the descriptive research design is
also used to investigate widely on one or more
variables and compare the relationship between
the two.
The connection of the descriptive research
design in our research study, this study approach
and takes places in investigative one or more
variables. This study involves individual persons
in which it is the researchers subject, the Grade
10 students. The researchers will be studying the
running factors of socioeconomic status that
influence their academic performances.
Subjects of the Study
This study was conducted in Virgen Milagrosa
Special Science High School. The respondents
involved in the study were the grade 10 students
of VMUF-SSHS which consisted of (5) Rose, (4)
Chrysanthemum, (5) Anthurium, and (6)
Hyacinth. The respondents were selected through
stratified random sampling technique in order for
gathered sufficient data as it has been seen
obvious as relevant and targeted the suitable aim
for investigation.
Instruments
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Vol. 1 No.4 (2021)
To gather the needed data for the study, a survey
instrument was conducted.
The survey instrument consisted of two parts:
Part I: Profiles of the respondent in terms of age,
gender/sex, income of parents per year,
achievements/awards, IQ and Part II:
Questionnaire-checklist on the impact of Socio-
Economic status on the academic achievement of
the students.
To validate the results of the study, survey data
were analyzed by descriptive method to answer
the research question. Descriptive method was
used to summary the distribution of data.
Data Gathering Procedure
The research is conducted through the sequence
as it deems by the researchers and in conformity
to standard in practical research. The researchers
prepared a set of questionnaires that is used to
collect the following data needed for the research
topic. The questionnaire must first be
constructed by the researchers, let the research
adviser to peruse for any clarificatory questions
and corrections. Once it has been approved, we
proceeded to float the set of questionnaires on
Google Forms. The chosen respondents is
instructed to submit the answered questionnaire
as soon as they have finished it. The researchers
carefully kept the data for the purpose of
confidentiality which literally means, not letting
anyone read or whoever from the researchers to
dispose the collected data.
Data Analysis
The data gathered were collected and tabulated
based on the format required in the specific
problems of the study.
For Statement No.1
The profiles of the respondents such as age,
gender/sex, Income of parents per year,
achievement / award, and IQ level were
determined frequency counts and percentages.
For Statement No.2
For the factors that helped the grade 10 students
of VMUFSSHS aim excellent academic
performance along alignment with the external
and internal factors. Likert scale was used to
interpret results. This scheme is shown below.
For Statement Problem No.3

Statistical tools like two-sample-mean-
test and average weighted mean was used in
processing the data and computed the desired
statistical measured of the correlation variable.
Mean Scale Value Descriptive
Equivalent
4.20 – 5.00 Always
3.40 – 4.19 Often
2.60 – 3.39 Sometimes
1.80 - 2.59 Rarely
1.00 – 1.79 Never
Results and Discussion
This section presented the gathered data in
tabular forms, analysis, and interpretation. It
discussed the socio-demographic profiles of the
respondents and how their socio-economic status
affected their academic achievement. Moreover,
it also presented the relationship between their
socio-economic status and their academic
achievement
Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents
The profile of the respondents in terms of their
age is reflected in Table 1.
Personal Attributes of the Respondents with
Regards to Age
The table indicated that out of 20 respondents,
15 were 16-17 years old which was 75% of the
population and 5 were 14-15 years old which
was 25% of the population. This showed that
there were more 16-17 years old respondents
than 14-15 years old who were Grade 10
students in Virgen Milagrosa University
Foundation Special Science High School.
Personal Attributes of the Respondents with
Regards to Sex
The table indicated that out of 20 respondents, 3
were male which was 15% of the population and
17 were female which was 85% of the
population. This showed that there were more
female respondents than male respondents who
were Grade 10 students in Virgen Milagrosa
University Foundation Special Science High
School.
Personal Attributes of the Respondents with
Regards to their Parent’s monthly salary
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Vol. 1 No.4 (2021)
The table 3 presented that only 1 of the
respondent’s parents had P5,000 below which is
5%, 4 of the respondents were P5,000 - P10,000
which wass 20%, 6 of the respondents answered
P 10,000 – P 20,000 which is 30%, and 9 were P
20,000 which was 45% of the population.
Therefore, majority of the students’ parents’
monthly salary was P 20,000 above.
Personal Attributes of the Respondents with
Regards to their Current Achievements and
Awards
The table 4 showed that 16 respondents have
received a local award/achievement which was
80.00% of the population, 1 respondent had
received an extra-curricular award which was
5% of the population, and 3 respondents had
received none and they don’t know. This
indicated that majority of the respondents have
received an Academic Excellence award.
Personal Attributes of the Respondents with
Regards to IQ Level
Analyzed the frequency of the respondents’
profile according to their IQ Level revealed that
majority of the respondents have Average IQ
making it 40% of the population. The population
of the students who have IQ Levels that was
>100 followed by 20%, 5 of the respondents
have <120 which is 25% of the population which
made it the second and 3 of the respondents
don’t know which was 15% of the population,
respectively.
The used IQ test was also provided by the
researchers. Although the test was free and
instant, it was also reliable since it was taken by
almost 2 million people all over the world, it
stated in the site that it given almost accurate
assessment and it was accessed through a link
which was given by the researchers together with
the google form but some of the respondents
didn’t took the test or forgot to take the test
which resulted that some of the respondents
answered ‘I don’t know’.
Factors that help VMUF-SSHS Grade 10
Students’ to aim excellent academic
performance
Table 2.1 showed that students’ level of
perception with regard to internal factors that
helped Grade 10 student’s have excellent
academic performance fell under ‘Often’. This
was reflected with the total weighted mean of
3.41. This result indicated that generally, the

internal factors helped the students. Moreover,
students perceived that these internal factors
must be appropriate for desired learning
outcomes being assessed. It was also found out
that students were always concerned with their
grades that contributed to their urge to have an
excellent academic performance. It was also said
that they rarely read their lessons in advance.
External Factors that help students to aim
excellent academic performance
Presented in Table 2.2 was the mean rating of the
students’ external factors that helped them gain
excellent academic performance. The resulted
have a total weighted mean of 2.75 revealed that
most of the student’s external factors were only
helped ‘sometimes’. Students preferred internal
factors to helped them with achieving
Excellency. In addition, most students ‘never’
got unmotivated because of financial matters like
their allowance. They also agreed that they feel
pressured when they thought that they’ve failed
their parent’s expectation
Significant Relationship between the
Socioeconomic Status of Students to their
Academic Achievement
The study was hypothesized that “There no
significant relationship between the
Socioeconomic Status of Students to their
Academic Achievement” and after data was
gathered it was found that table 3.2 showed that
the mean of internal factors was greater than the
mean of the external factors. The computed t-test
value was 2.8131 which was greater than the
critical value. This means that the relationship
between the Socioeconomic Status of Students to
their Academic Achievement” was significant at
0.05 level.
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
This chapter discussed the summary, conclusions
and recommendation in accordance with the
conducted study after a thorough analysis and
careful interpretation of gathered data.
Summary of the Study
The study was focused on ”The Impact of Socio-
Economic Status on the Academic Achievement
of Grade 10 Students of Virgen Milagrosa
University Foundation Special Science High
School”. It was conducted to be able to
determine the significance of the respondents’
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Vol. 1 No.4 (2021)
way of living to their academic performance in
school.
The research used a stratified random approach
to gather needed data. To summarize the data
with regards to demographic profile frequency
and percentage distribution were utilized. In
addition, average weighted mean and description
in accordance to the provided likert scale was
used to present the data for table 2.1 and table
2.2 for the internal and external factors.
To summarize the data with regard to
demographic profile, frequency and percentage
distribution were used. In addition, tallying
assessed the dominant indicators and factors of
key respondents answers. There were 20 students
in Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation
Special Science High School, who became the
respondents of the study.
Summary of Results
1. The Profile of the Respondents in terms of:
a) Age
Out of 20 respondents, 75% of the population
were 16-17 years old and
25% were 14-15 years old.
b) Sex
The data gathered indicated that 15% of the
population were male and 17 were female which
was 85% of the population.
c) Income of parents per year
Out of 20 respondents,5% of the population have
P5,000 below, 20% of the respondents were
P5,000 - P10,000, 30% of the respondents
answered P 10,000 – P 20,000 and 9 were P
20,000 which was 45% of the population.
d) Achievements/Awards
It showed that 80% of the respondents have
received a local award/achievement,5% of the
respondent have received an extra-curricular
award and 15% has received none and they don’t
know.
e) IQ
Out of 20 respondents, 30% of the population
has below 100 level of IQ, 30% also who has the
average level of IQ, 38% has above 120 IQ level
and 2% doesn’t know their IQ level.

2. Academic Performance of the Students in
Correlation to their Socio-Economic Status
The findings showed that there was a significant
relationship between socio-economic status to
their academic performance. This signified that
they have developed fundamental skills and
knowledge with the help of their parents.
Conclusion
Based on the findings presented in the foregoing
paragraph, the following conclusions were
drawn.
1. The study is greatly relevant for the
respondent’s studying habits because it spoke
their struggles and the teachers could measure
the student’s strength and weaknesses.
2. It is concluded that if only financial factors
were considered the variables have no
significance but if it involved social, emotional
and environmental factors with financial it is
significant.
3. Respondents shown materialism doesn’t affect
their academic achievement.
4. Respondents agreed that their studying habits
like time management and participation also
affected their academic performance
5. Respondents shown that they could manage
their budgets and could find ways to supply their
needs e.g. borrowing finances/loan.
Recommendations
With thorough analysis and conclusion of this
study, the following recommendations are
conceptualized.
1. For the future researchers, the researchers
recommended to conduct a meeting during the
intake of the IQ test if the study will be
conducted virtually.
2. The researchers recommended to test it on a
larger group.
3. The researchers recommended to get the
student’s parent’s approval before floating the
set of questionnaires.
4. The future researchers should credit the
rightful owners of the citations to remain the
validity of the research and prevent plagiarism.
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5 This study helped the previous researches to
dig dipper into the effects of socioeconomic
status.
6. This research helped the previous researches
to test it to another country such as the
Philippines for more generalized study
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Vol. 1 No.4 (2021)