Pledge of the Tree(Bait-e-Rizwan)

The Pledge of the Tree (Arabic: ‫بيعة الشجرة‬ bayʻat ash-shajarah) or Pledge of

Satisfaction (Arabic: ‫بيعة الرضوان‬ bayʻat ar-riḍwān) or Pledge of Ridwan[1] was a
pledge that was sworn to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by
his Sahaba (companions) prior to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (6 AH, 628 CE).
The pledge, sworn under a tree, was to avenge the rumoured death of Uthman
bin Affan.

Background
In March 628 CE (6 AH), Muhammad set for Mecca to perform the ritual
pilgrimage of Umrah. The Quraysh denied the Muslims entry into the city and
posted themselves outside Mecca, determined to offer resistance even though
the Muslims did not have any intention or preparation for battle. Muhammad
camped outside Mecca at Hudaybiyyah and sent Uthman ibn Affan as his envoy
to meet with the leaders of Quraysh and negotiate their entry into the city. The
Quraysh caused Uthman to stay longer in Mecca than they originally planned
and refused to inform the Muslims of his whereabouts. This caused them to
believe that Uthman had been killed by the people of the Quraysh. On this
occasion, Muhammad gathered his nearly 1,400 Sahaba and called them to
pledge to fight until death and avenge the death of Uthman. This pledge took
place under a tree and was thus known as the Pledge of the Tree. During the
process of pledging, each Sahaba came before Muhammad and pledged, with
his hand on top of Muhammad's.

Aftermath

The pledge was successful in demonstrating to the Quraysh the determination of

the Muslims. They soon released Uthman and sent down an ambassador of their
own, Suhayl ibn Amr to negotiate the terms of a treaty that later became known
as the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.

Significance

The people who took the pledge, also known as the People of the Tree ( ‫اصحاب‬
‫الشجرة‬ aṣḥāb ash-shajarah) are held in high regard by Muslims in general
and Sunnis in particular. After the pledge, verses were revealed in
the Qur'an commemorating and appreciating the pledge and those who made it:
Certainly Allah was well pleased with the believers when they
swore allegiance to you under the tree, and He knew what was in
their hearts, so He sent down tranquillity on them and rewarded
them with a near victory.
— Sura Al-Fath, Ayah 18, Quran 48:18 
Due to this verse, the pledge is also known as the Pledge of Acceptance as it
was said to be a cause for God's acceptance.
Rashid Rida explained that for every Companions of the Prophet who pledge
during this pledge were regarded universally by Islam teaching as
special[3] which such explanation in line with Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani explanation of
the Hadith of Bukhari regarding special position of the pledge attendance as the
revelation of Hadith Qudse regarding the God's will towards them.