Product design and development

Lec - 03
Product design steps

Lecturer: Daniel Mengistu

H A R A M AYA I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y
Outline of the presentation

Product design steps

Product analysis
Marketing aspects

Product characteristics,

Economic analysis

Production aspect

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IDEA
Listing out various
ideas without
judgment
concept
Understanding the
concept, free hand
sketching
Detailed design
Detailed design
process,
dimensions, etc.
Final product
Finished goods,
ready for use, may
be non tangible
product.
Product design steps
Synthesis: try to develop different alternatives Idea

Sketching: draw sketches in exact scale for

different alternatives

Analysis: analysis different alternatives with respect

to operability, maintainability, inspection, assembly,
and dismantling issues, cost parameters, production Products
methods, etc.

Selection: select the best alternative

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Product design steps cont.
Basic engineering: prepare layout in exact scale, calculate strength of
components, select proper cost effective material.

Detailed design: prepare detail drawing for each component.

Prototype: option is there, then prepare prototype and test it.

Manufacturing: if the prototype is not made, then follow

manufacturing steps and solve manufacturing problems and assembly
problems, if any.

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Product design steps cont.
Operation: collect feedback during actual operation of the new
product. If any problems exist, try to provide design based solution.
Also, implement the lessons in the future design.

Product development: if any modification can be done, implement

the same in the next generation product.

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Product analysis
Many factors have to be analyzed in connection with development and
design.

Factors varying in character and complexity.

Factors affiliated with different fields in production and industrial

engineering.

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Product analysis cont’d
Some of these factors may be grouped as follows.
Marketing aspects
Product characteristics,
Economic analysis
Production aspect

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Product analysis cont’d
Marketing aspects
Once the product is selected, then it is very important to know the
marketability of the product
All further steps are dependent upon the demand for the proposed
product and customer acceptability of the product
If there is not potential market, then it is the wasteful exercise to
design and manufacture the product

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Product analysis cont’d
It gives the answer to the following questions

What will be the expected demand for the product both

short term and long term
Whether the functions that are offered by the product are
desirable and acceptable to the customers

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Product analysis cont’d
Product characteristics
Functional aspect

When the marketing possibility have been explored, the

functional scope of the product has to be carefully analyzed
and properly defined.
The definition of the objective itself rarely tells us much about
the predicted functional scope.
Examples
A washing machine for example has a clearly defined
objective, to wash clothes.

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Product analysis cont’d
This does not state, however, how the washing should be carried out,
whether the machine should be capable of heating the water prior to
washing, whether rinsing of drying, or both, are to be done by the
machine, and if so, by what method, and what should the proportion
be between automatic functioning and manual supervision

A functional analysis of this kind obviously affects the design of the

machine, its complexity, its appearance, and its price.

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Product analysis cont’d
Operational aspect
The product is not only expected to perform its functions satisfactorily,
but it should be easy to handle and operate at the customers end.
The product is used at different operational conditions and the customers
vary with respect to skill and knowledge and the designers problem
becomes complicated with addition of more function.
Examples: hot and cold tea in hotels
Left and right headsets
Gear changing in cars
Cutters and grinders

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Product analysis cont’d
Durability and dependability

These two factors define the quality and reliability of the

product
Durability refers to the length of active life of a product under a
given working condition.
Dependability refers to the reliability with which the product
serves its intended function.
Thus quality of the product is directly proportional to the quality
of inputs (materials, men, etc.) and the process of the
manufacture.
Thus, it is a function of cost.
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Product design steps cont.d
Aesthetic aspect
It refers to the external look good, aspect of the product and it is concerned
with molding the final shape around the basic skeleton
It helps the sales function of the product by attracting the customers and
creating the first impression about the product
Designers use variety of tools to build aesthetic characteristics into the
product such as
Use of special material
Use of color
Texture
packaging

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Product analysis cont’d
List some products that can be improved aesthetically.
Mention some products which are leading the market
because of their aesthetics.

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Product analysis cont’d
Examples

Match Shoes

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Product design steps cont.
Economic analysis
An economic analysis is the key to the management decision in the
product design policy
It answers the following questions
What will be the amount of the investment needed to manufacture the
new product
What are the estimated production cost per piece
What will be the expected profit margin
Whether the prices proposed to be offered by the company are
competitive

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Product design steps cont.d
Tools in economic analysis
The three S’s (standardization, simplification, and specialization)
The breakeven analysis

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Product design steps cont.d
Production aspect
The design will be converted in the production shop where it
will be transformed into a physical product to be offered to
the customers
Successful transformation of the design into a saleable
product is a challenge to the organization.
Tools in production aspect
DFM
DFA
DFX
Sometimes advanced manufacturing processes
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THANK YOU