BIOL 102

Name: Muhammad Mohsin

Roll No: 241575704
Sr No: 5
Section: A
Submitted to: Dr. M. Rehan Siddiqi

Assignment on Fruits and Vegetables

Purpose
The purpose of this assignment is to be familiar with different kinds of fruits, their classification,
family, and seed dispersion.

1- What is fruit and seed?

Fruit is a seed-bearing structure that develop from the ovary of flower of a plant. Fruit is ripened
ovary.
Seed is a ripened ovule. Fruit encloses and protect the seeds. These seeds need to spread out in
order to grow more new plants.

2- What is seed dispersal?

Spreading out of seeds to make new plant grow in areas away from the parent plant is called seed
dispersal.
 Dispersal sources
Followings are the sources of seed dispersal.
 Wind
 Water

 Birds and Animals

 Humans

Trifid burr-marigold; the seeds have attached to the clothes of a human.

 Gravity
  Explosion

3- What are seedless fruits?

A seedless fruit is a fruit developed to possess no mature seeds. As consumption of seedless
fruits easier and more convenient, they are considered commercially valuable.

Examples
Watermelons, grapes, oranges, lime, bananas, lemon, citrus, tomatoes
4- My favorite fruit
Mango the king of fruits is my favorite fruit. Its aroma I like the most. Mangoes are sweeter in
taste and very delicious. Especially White Chaunsa. Mango is also a nutrition rich fruit.
Kino

This is one of the most important and best tangerine verities cultivated in Pakistan. Fruit skin and
pulp are yellowish orange in color. The skin is loose and easy detach from the fruit. Pulp is
highly juicy, sweet but slightly acidic. Kino is mostly eaten as a fresh dessert fruit or is used for
the extraction of fresh juice. This hybrid variety of orange was developed and introduced by HB
Frost in the year 1935.

Family
Rutaceae

Size and shape

The fruit is of almost same size as oranges and sub globose in shape.

Cultivation and availability

It is mostly cultivated in Punjab (Pakistan). The fruit is available from January to May.

Malta
Fruit is sweet and flesh color usually orange. Sweet oranges, with their sugary pulp, are mostly
consumed as fresh fruit or used in preparing orange juice drink. The turbid yellow juice is a rich
source of antiscorbutic vitamin.

Shape and size

Fruits are sub-globose to oval in shape and tight skinned with solid central core.

Availability
In Pakistan, fruit is available in the market from December-April.

Exporters
The best-known exporters of sweet oranges are Spain, Israel, United States and South Africa.

Guava (Amrud)

Guava, the apple of the tropics, is one of the most common fruits in Pakistan. Mature guava
fruits, freshly plucked from the tree, have a sweet, attractive flavor. The fruit is largely eaten
fresh, but is also used for the preparation of jellies and jams. It is a small tree growing to about
10 meter high. Propagation is by seed or grafting. The fruits are green, turning light yellow when
ripe. The pulp containing numerous seeds is edible.

Family
Myrtaceae
Nutritional value
It contains 82% water, 0.7% protein, ll% carbohydrate and fair to good amounts of vitamins A, B
and c, plus some minerals and high amount of pectin. Guava is a rich source of vitamin c, which
in many varieties is several times greater than in the citrus fruits.

Cultivation and availability

It originated in American tropics and is now widely grown through the tropics. It is. cultivated in
all parts of Pakistan. Summer and Winter fruiting is common in this plant, so it is available
throughout the year.

Gourd (Ghia, Kaddu)

Immature fruits of gourd are eaten as a cooked vegetable. It is an annual climbing herb. The fruit
color is greenish or yellowish green.

Family
Cucurbitaceae

Size and Shape

Several cultivars are characterized by the shape and size of fruits. The fruit shape may be
globular, cylindrical, club-like, bottle-shaped, etc.

Nutrition value
They contain 95% water, 3.5% carbohydrates, little amounts of vitamins B and c and fair amount
of minerals.
Cultivation and Availability
Probably originated in central Africa, the gourd is now widely cultivated in the tropics and
subtropics. It is cultivated throughout Pakistan. Seeds are sown in February-March and the
vegetable is available in the market from May-September.

Material
Fruits
 Kinu
 Malta
 Amrud
 Kaddu

Others
♦ Knife
♦ Cutting Board
♦ Tissue Paper
♦ A Note Booklet

Method
First if all I have taken fresh fruits, cut them with knife on cutting board. Then I took the seeds
out
of the fruits, count and note them in my booklet. After this I also taste their fleshy parts. The
fruits were very delicious. After eating them, I use tissue paper to clean my hand and mouth and
also wash.

Productivity Table
Serial Type of Number Total Productivity
No. Fruit of Fruits No of (Number of
Counted seeds seeds\fruits
1 Amrud 3 290 96.66

2 Kaddu 3 187 62.33

3 Malta 3 79 26.33
4 Kinu 3 69 23
References
 https://th.bing.com/th/id/R12bc41c4986f7d730c92e1ced5278358?rik=
%2fFMSURdm5ohKIQ&riu=http%3a%2f%2fi.ytimg.com%2fvi
%2fxY4JFOSuqvY%2fmaxresdefault.jpg&ehk=6pV%2f%2bdUzLC
%2bFRQKi8KA7euO%2fZPO9%2b9hdjsiEcnftytw%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw
 https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-d0e8c6374513d63e104cf8cb2c6ec75c
 https://www.billbradshaw.co.uk/sites/default/files/file-entities/images/
iamcider_falling_apples_sheppys_webres.jpg
 https://th.bing.com/th/id/R2a3861e940188cecaac9810e27078751?rik=6ceX1V
%2f133nQ5A&riu=http%3a%2f%2fkindergardening.co.uk%2fwp-content
%2fuploads
%2f2017%2f09%2fwaterlilly.jpg&ehk=tNAXtbxos6hpBr8chWamRkX6hdpzTJ
R%2bxiPAQYlvPbE%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw
 https://webstockreview.net/images/peas-clipart-single-3.jpg
 https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.ddQJDytP1_2r-S-FOAglJgHaGx?pid=Api&rs=1
 https://joyfreshfoods.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/
pumgraexxkgcl1_732888.jpg
 Fruits and vegetables of Pakistan