STANDARD

SPECIFICATIONS FOR
CONSTRUCTION WORKS
2008

Module – 4 – Glass and Glazing

Introduction
The Standard Specification is published in a series of 21 stand-alone modules each addressing single

distinct areas of the construction process. This stand-alone module 04 addresses the main aspects of

glass and glazing in general.

The purpose of the MoW STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION is to provide the

design professional with a guide for accepted construction practices for Ministry of Works projects. As

an aid to the designer, these Standard Specifications are provided for the inclusion in proposed

development projects for ease, efficiency and cost savings.

The Standard Specifications are not intended to limit the design responsibility of the design

professional. However, they establish a minimum acceptable criterion and/or quality for use within

Ministry of Works projects.

The design professional may increase the requirements of an item contained in the Standard

Specifications to meet job requirements, but when this is done, there should be no reference for that

item on the drawings to the Ministry of Works Standard Specifications and a new specification should

be included with the drawings or project contract documents.

The design professional must review all Standard Specifications to be sure that they are adequate for

the proposed project based on the job site conditions; the design professional is solely responsible for

the designs submitted under his seal.

In order to keep design standards current with changing regulations and improved construction

materials and practices this section will be updated and maintained by the concerned authorities of the

Ministry of Works. Prior to starting a new project, the design professional should contact the concerned

Directorate of the Ministry of Works to verify that he/she has the latest document revisions.

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Module List
Module
No Module Title
1 Guidance and General Specifications

2 Concrete

3 Earthworks

4 Glass and Glazing

5 Joinery and Carpentry

6 Ironmongery

7 Internal Finishes including Thermal Insulation

8 Painting and Decorating (Internal & External)

9 Metalwork

10 Roofing

11 Structural Steel (and Coatings)

12 Structural Timber

13 Masonry

14 Plumbing and Sanitary

15 Mechanical Installation in Buildings

16 Electrical Installation

17 Sewerage, Pipelines and Pipework

18 Sewerage M&E Works

19 Roadworks

20 Landscaping

21 Dredging, Reclamation and Shoreline Protection

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Table of Contents

CLAUSE DESCRIPTION PAGE

Introduction 1

Module List 2

Table of Contents 3

Foreword 4

1 PART 1 MATERIALS 5
1.1 Source Approval……………………………………………………………………5
1.2 Product Delivery, Storage & Handling……………………………………………8

2 PART 2 METHODOLOGY & WORKMANSHIP 9

2.1 Competence……………………………………………………………………….. 9
2.2 Translucent Glass…………………………………………………………………. 9
2.3 Decorative Wall Mirror Glass/Large Unframed Mirrors……………………….. 9
2.4 Bullet Resistant Laminated Glass……………………………………………… 10
2.5 Glass Blocks……………………………………………………………………… 10
2.6 Anti-Bandit Glass………………………………………………………………… 10
2.7 Clear Sheet Glass……………………………………………………………….. 10
2.8 Glazing……………………………………………………………………………. 10
2.9 Cleaning…………………………………………………………………………... 10

3 PART 3 SUMMARY 11
3.1 Tests………………………………………………………………………………. 11
3.2 Reference Documents…………………………………………………………... 11

Abbreviations 13

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Foreword
This specification provides the basis for using glass and glazing including all accessories for use in

connection therewith. It covers the main requirements for glass used for internal doors and windows.

This specification must be read in its entirety, as it is structured in order of work-flow, which means that

items or activities appear in several places in the specification corresponding to the progression of the

construction process.

For larger or more complex or specialist projects, a project-specific Particular Specification for glass

and glazing may also be provided.

Absence of clauses for materials and methods does not necessarily signify that they cannot be used.

Proposals for use of innovative methods and materials are encouraged and are subject to review and

approval by the Client.

Where the word approved is used in this specification, this means that the Client or Engineer has been

consulted and has confirmed that the item or procedure is acceptable in the specific context for which

approval has been requested.

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1 PART 1 MATERIALS

1.1 Source Approval

1.1.1 Minimum Thickness

Glass thickness indicated on the Drawings and specified within this standard specifications
are the minimum thicknesses required. The Contractor shall confirm glass thicknesses by
analyzing Project Loads and In-Service conditions. The glass units provided for the various
sized openings, thicknesses and strengths, shall meet or exceed the following criteria:

Glass deflection shall be limited to the lesser of 1:200 or the flexure limits of glass with full
recovery of glazing materials.

If not tested and accepted in advance the Contractor shall submit a certificate to confirm
compliance with the above stated requirement.

1.1.2 Clear Float Glass

Clear float glass shall be to BS 952, Type I, Class 1, Quality Q3, and 6 mm thick unless
otherwise indicated and shall be fully tempered where indicated on drawings. Alternatively,
tampered float glass shall comply with ASTM C1048, Type 1, Class 1 (clear), Quality Q3, kind
FT.

1.1.3 Wire Glass

Wire glass shall be 6.0 mm thick “Polished Georgian Square” and manufactured in
accordance with BS 6206 Class C.

1.1.4 Tinted Reflective Glass

Tinted reflective glass shall be manufactured in accordance with BS 952.

1.1.5 Fully-Tempered Glass

Fully-tempered glass shall be glazing quality, manufactured in accordance with BS 6206 and
unless otherwise specified shall be 6.0 mm thick Type I, clear.

1.1.6 Laminated Safety Glass

Laminated safety glass used in railing systems and for other applications in Particular
Specifications shall be VH-1 clear in colour consisting of two leaves of equal glass thickness
with a 1.5 mm thick polyvinylbutyral interlayer.

1.1.7 Fire Doors

Glazing for fire doors shall be clear 6.5 mm thick fire-resisting glass. The minimum fire rating
of the glass as marked on the door schedule shall comply with BS 476: Parts 20, 21, 22 & 23.
The glass shall be manufactured in accordance with BS 6206, Class C.

1.1.8 Insulating or Low Solar Gain Reflective Glass

Insulating or low solar gain reflective glass shall consist of two panes of glass with a
hermetically and permanently sealed air space (min 12 mm), and shall conform to BS 5713.

1.1.8 Exterior Doors

Insulating clear glass for exterior doors shall consist of two panes of glass with a hermetically
and permanently sealed air space and shall conform to BS 5713.
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1.1.9 Translucent Glass

Translucent glass shall be laminated glass 6.0 mm thick, consisting of two panes of equal
glass thickness with a 1.0 mm thick white translucent polyvinylbutyral (PVS) interlayer, in
accordance with BS EN 357.

1.1.10 Decorative Wall Mirror Glass

Decorative wall mirror glass shall be Grade 1 mirror glass manufactured from 6.0 mm thick
No. 1, plate glass of mirror glazing quality with silver coating to BS 952.

• Edges shall be bevelled or as otherwise detailed in drawings and polished or smooth

edge.
• Mirror adhesive shall be approved by the Engineer.
• Surface bonding agent for mirror adhesive shall be approved by the Engineer.
• Mirror edge sealant paint shall be approved by the Engineer.
• Mirror fixed on “J” channel at lower edge shall be approved by the Engineer.

1.1.11 Bullet Resistant Laminated Glass

Bullet resistant laminated glass shall comply with BS EN 356 or BS EN 1063. Framing to
glass shall be supplied by the glass manufacturer, including polyurethane gaskets.

1.1.12 Stained and Decorative Glass

Single glazed stained and decorative glass shall be with lead cams. Double glazed or faceted
stained glass shall be mounted in a dedicated wood or metal frame. Glazing sealant shall be
non-acetic gas forming or neutral cure type in conjunction with bond breaking tape and
backer rods or neoprene spacers. An expansion/contraction joint all around the complete
item of min 5 mm shall be provided in the frame.

1.1.13 Safety Glass

Safety glass shall be manufactured in accordance with BS 6206.

1.1.14 Insulating Glass Units

Insulating glass units shall be permanently marked with appropriate certification label of the
Insulating Glass Certification Council (IGCC).

1.1.15 Glazing Materials

• Materials shall be provided with a proven record of compatibility with surfaces contacted
in installation.
• Cleaners, Primers and Sealers, for interiors and exteriors shall be of a type
recommended by the sealant manufacturer.
• Edges shall be sealed after edge treatment to prevent chemical or atmospheric
penetration of glass coatings.
• Mirrors mastic shall be an adhesive setting compound, produced specifically for setting
mirrored glass by spot application.
• “J” channels shall have returns that produce glazing channels to accommodate mirrored
glass of the thickness indicated. “J” channels formed with front leg and back legs not
less than 8 mm and 22 mm in height respectively.
• Fasteners shall be fabricated of same basic metal and alloy as the fastened metal.
• Anchors and Inserts shall be provided as required for mirror hardware installation.
Toothed or lead shield expansion bolt devices shall be for drilled-in-place anchors.
Galvanized anchors and inserts shall be provided for applications on inside faces of
exterior walls and where indicated.

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 • Setting Blocks shall be provided in neoprene, EDPM or silicone as required for
compatibility with glazing sealants, 80 to 90 Shore A durometer hardness, 100 mm
minimum length, and in widths to suit glass thicknesses.
• Shims and spacers installed with setting blocks shall be of the same materials, hardness
length and width as the edge blocks.
• Edge Blocks shall be provided in the same material as setting blocks, 50 to 60 Shore A
durometer, of a size to limit lateral movement of glass.
• Preformed glazing tape shall be provided butyl compound tape with integral resilient tube
spacer, 10 to 15 Shore A durometer hardness, width as required.
• Sealant shall be provided 1-part silicone type to BS EN ISO 11600 or alternatively
sealant shall comply to the manufacturer’s specifications for interiors or exteriors as
applicable.
• Glazing compounds shall be as follows:

o For metal frames, a suitable type for application and, unless otherwise specified, in
accordance with section, “Glazing Materials” of GANA (formerly FGMA) Glazing
Manual. Metal sash putty, non-skinning compounds, non-resilient type preformed
sealers, and preformed impregnated type gaskets shall not be permitted. When
flexible vinyl gasket channels are used, material shall conform to ASTM D2287.
o Compound used for glazing aluminium shall be pigmented with aluminium powder to
match aluminium unit without staining or discolouring. It shall be non hardening, and
shall be a type that does not require painting.
o Glazing accessories as required to supplement items to be glazed and to provide a
complete installation, including glazing points, clips, shims, angles, heads, setting
blocks, and spacer strips.

1.1.16 Glass Blocks

Glass blocks may be solid or hollow blocks with clear, coloured or obscured appearance and
shall be manufactured in square or rectangular units on the product. A fire rating shall be
supplied where indicated. Installation shall be in accordance with manufacturers instructions.

1.1.17 Obscured/Frosted Glass

In double glazed units the obscured glass shall comprise the inner face of the inner pane.
Obscuration shall be provided using sand blast, acid etching or surface pattern.

1.1.18 Spandrel Panel (pacified)

Spandrel panel (pacified) shall be heat strengthened or tempered float glass with ceramic frit
or silicone polyester enamel pacifier coating applied to surface.

1.1.19 Anti-Bandit Glass

Anti-bandit glass shall comply with BS 5544 and shall be capable of resisting an assault with
the use of an axe, crowbar or pickaxe and hinder entry to the protected area for a short
period of time. The installation of this glass shall conform to BS 5357 and the manufacturer’s
instructions.

1.1.20 Quality Control

All glass shall be manufactured and processed in a factory operating a certified BS EN ISO
9001/ BS EN ISO 9002 quality management system.

All glass shall be free of local defects (bubbles, inclusions), distortion and impurities. A
thermal stress analysis shall be carried out, where required by the Engineer, for heat gain and
shading stress.

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 Unless otherwise specified, tested and accepted in advance by the Engineer, all safety glass
shall be heat soaked for a minimum of 2 hours at 290°C according to BS EN 14179 to
minimize the occurrence of nickel sulphate crystals.

To ensure consistent quality of appearance and performance, materials shall be made and
assembled by a single manufacturer or fabricator for each kind and category of glass.

Unless otherwise specified, each piece of glass shall bear the manufacturer’s label to identify
type, thickness and quality. Glass shall be as specified in this document and in conformance
with other Standard as indicated.

1.1.21 Submittals

The following samples shall be submitted as applicable: -

• Each type of glass

• Glazing gaskets
• Glazing sealants
• Thermal insulation film
• Humidity absorber
• Technical Data:

o Manufacturer’s technical data for each glazing material and fabricated glass product,
including installation and maintenance instructions.
o Certificates of compliance with relevant standards
o Manufacturer’s recommendations for handling, storage, packaging, protection and
installation
o Indications of glass thickness to be used, and locations.

1.2 Product Delivery, Storage & Handling

Glass units shall be delivered, handled and stored in accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions.

The units, shall be protected prior to installation, to prevent damage to glass and glazing
materials from temperature changes, moisture and direct exposure to sun.

Environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, and ventilation) shall be maintained within

limits recommended by manufacturers. Products shall not be installed under environmental
conditions outside the manufacturer'
s absolute limits.

1.2.1 Storage

All glass shall be stored on site in a dry, sheltered location in racks in near vertical position
with the edges of the glass protected from damage. A protective sheeting shall be provided to
prevent spillage of materials on to the surface of the glass. Water collection between sheets
shall be controlled by the use of spacers.

1.2.2 Protection

• All installed products shall be protected until completion of project.

• All damaged or broken panels shall be repaired or replaced before substantial
completion.
• Glass shall be protected from damage. Glass units with damage or imperfections of type
that impairs performance or appearance shall be removed and disposed of, and
replaced with new units of specified materials.

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1.2.3 Spare Materials

Contractor shall handover 1% (min 2 No.) of each size and type of glazing to the Engineer
and subject to the scale of the project, to allow for quick replacement to ensure the
continuous and uninterrupted operation of building(s).

2 PART 2 METHODOLOGY & WORKMANSHIP

2.1 Competence

The glazing installer shall have completed glazing work similar in material, design, and scope
to the current project with a record of successful in-service performance for at least 10 years
unless otherwise noted different depending upon the scale of project.

Workmanship shall be in accordance with the Standards of the Flat Glass Marketing
Association Glazing Manual.

The glazing installation shall conform to BS 6262 (Code of Practice for Glazing for Buildings).

2.2 Translucent Glass

Translucent glass shall be installed with textured face out.

2.3 Decorative Wall Mirror Glass/Large Unframed Mirrors

• Compatibility shall be reviewed with suitability of substrates, including compatibility of

mirror mastic with existing finishes or primers.
• Mirrored glass units shall be installed to comply with written instructions of the mirrored
glass manufacturer and with referenced GANA publications. Glass shall be accurately in
place in a manner that avoids distorting reflected images.
• Space shall be provided for air circulation between back of mirrored glass units and face
of mounting surface.
• Mastic Spot Installation System:

o Barrier coat shall be applied to mirrored glass backing where approved in writing by
manufacturers of mirrored glass and backing material.
o Mastic shall be applied in spots to comply with the mastic manufacturer' s written
instructions for coverage and to allow air circulation between the back of mirrored
glass units and the face of mounting surface.
o After mastic is applied, mirrored glass units shall be aligned and pressed into place
while maintaining a minimum air space of 1/8 inch (3 mm) between back of mirrored
glass and mounting surface.

• For wall-mounted mirrored glass units, permanent means of support at bottom shall be
installed and top edges with bottom support designed to withstand mirrored glass weight
and top support designed to prevent the mirrored glass from coming away from wall
along top edges:
•
o Mirrored hardware shall be attached securely to mounting surfaces with mechanical
fasteners installed with anchors or inserts as applicable. Fasteners shall be installed
so heads do not impose point loads on backs of mirrored glass units.
1
o For continuous bottom supports, setting blocks shall be provided /8 inch (2 mm)
thick by 4 inches (100 mm) long at quarter points. For channels or other continuous
supports, in which water could be trapped, two slotted weeps shall be provided, not
3
less than ¼ inch (3 mm) wide by /8 inch (4.5 mm) long between setting blocks.
o Where indicated, install bottom and top trim. Fabricate trim in single lengths to fit and
cover top and bottom edges of mirrored glass units.

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2.4 Bullet Resistant Laminated Glass

Bullet resistant laminated glass shall be installed in accordance with BS 5357. Framing to
glass shall be supplied by the same manufacturer, and with polyurethane gaskets.

2.5 Glass Blocks

Glass blocks shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

2.6 Anti-Bandit Glass

Anti-bandit glass shall be installed in a manner capable of resisting an assault with the use of
an axe, crowbar or pickaxe and shall hinder entry to the protected area for a suitable period
of time. The installation of this glass shall conform to BS 5357 and the manufacturer’s
instructions.

2.7 Clear Sheet Glass

Clear sheet glass shall be used for glazing in locations not otherwise noted on the Drawings
or specified herein, and shall be installed with any visible lines or waves running horizontally.

2.8 Glazing

• In conformance with nomenclature and procedures of GANA Glazing Manual, glazing

installation shall be as follows:
• Exterior steel sash and wood and metal doors shall be glazed with stop beads
• Aluminium doors and entrances shall be glazed in accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions. Tempered glass shall be used as specified.
• Interior glazed openings shall be glazed as noted for sash with stop beads of same
material as frame Glazing tape may be used in lieu of compound after review and written
approval by the Engineer.
• Installation shall comply with the combined recommendations of glass manufacturers,
manufacturers of sealants and other glazing materials, except where more stringent
requirements are indicated by referenced glazing standards.
• Glazing channels shall be provided for the necessary bite on glass, minimum edge and
face clearances and adequate sealant thickness, with reasonable tolerances, and then
adjusted as required by Project conditions during installation.
• Glass block panels shall be installed as blocks using mortar bedding and reinforced
construction, in accordance with module 13 ‘MASONRY’.
• Structural glazing:
•
o Flat single or double glazed units shall be fixed horizontally or vertically and
supported by mechanical fasteners to sub frame by special supporting structure as
shown on drawings. Glazing units shall be flush butt jointed with a nominal 10 mm to
12mm joint pointed with silicone sealant. Bolt fixings shall be austenitic stainless
steel type X2 Cr Ni Mo 17-12-12 to BS EN 10083.
o Glass shall be single (10 mm or 12 mm) or sealed double glazing in laminated glass
(12-16-6 mm) to BS 6206. Bolt fixings shall be fitted in pre-drilled countersunk holes.

2.9 Cleaning

• Any excess glazing materials shall be removed from finish surfaces.

• Manufacturer’s labels/logos shall be removed after glass installation is complete.
• Glass surfaces and adjacent surfaces shall be left clean.

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3 PART 3 SUMMARY

3.1 Tests

When using glass in a proprietary walling system, a certificate shall be obtained from the manufacturer
confirming testing for water/air pressure by a recognized testing authority, to relevant standards
approved in advance by the Engineer, at which the Engineer shall be expected to attend. The Engineer
may also or alternatively require a full mock up test of proposed walling to check water permeability and
air tightness and/or other properties.

3.2 Reference Documents

3.2.1 Standards

Reference Title

ASTM C1048 Standard Specification for Heat-Treated Flat Glass–Kind HS, Kind
FT Coated and Uncoated Glass
ASTM D2287 Standard Specification for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Polymer and
Copolymer Molding and Extrusion Compounds
BS 476: Part 20 Fire tests on building materials and structures. Method for determination
of the fire resistance of elements of construction (general principles)
BS 476: Part 21 Fire tests on building materials and structures. Methods for determination
of the fire resistance of loadbearing elements of construction
BS 476: Part 22 Fire tests on building materials and structures. Methods for determination
of the fire resistance of non-loadbearing elements of construction
BS 476: Part 23 Fire tests on building materials and structures. Methods for determination
of the contribution of components to the fire resistance of a structure
BS 644 Timber windows. Factory assembled windows of various types.
Specification
BS 952: Part 1 Glass for glazing. Classification
BS 952: Part 2 Glass for glazing. Terminology for work on glass
BS 4315: Part 2 Methods of test for resistance to air and water penetration. Permeable
walling constructions (water penetration)
BS 5544 Specification for anti-bandit glazing (glazing resistant to manual attack)
BS 5713 Specification for hermetically sealed flat double glazing units
BS 6206 Specification for impact performance requirements for flat safety glass
and safety plastics for use in buildings
BS 6375 Performance of windows and doors
BS 6510 Steel-framed windows and glazed doors
BS 7412 Specification for windows and doorsets made from unplasticized
polyvinyl chloride (PVC-u) extruded hollow profiles
BS 8000: Part 7 Workmanship on building sites. Code of practice for glazing
BS EN 356 Glass in building. Security glazing. Testing and classification of
resistance against manual attack
BS EN 357 Glass in building. Fire resistant glazed elements with transparent or
translucent glass products. Classification of fire resistance
BS EN 410 Glass in building. Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of
glazing
BS EN 514 Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-u) profiles for the fabrication of
windows and doors. Determination of the strength of welded corners and
T-joints
BS EN 1026 Windows and doors. Air permeability. Test method
BS EN 1063 Glass in building. Security glazing. Testing and classification of
resistance against bullet attack
BS EN 10083 Steels for quenching and tempering
BS EN 12608 Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-u) profiles for the fabrication of
windows and doors. Classification, requirements and test methods
BS EN 14179: Part 1 Glass in building. Heat-soaked thermally-toughened soda lime silicate
safety glass. Definition and description
BS EN 14179: Part 2 Glass in building. Heat-soaked thermally-toughened soda lime silicate
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 safety glass. Evaluation of conformity/product standard
BS EN ISO 9001 Quality management systems. Requirements
BS EN ISO 9002 Quality systems. Model for quality assurance in production, installation
and servicing
BS EN ISO 11600 Building construction. Jointing products. Classification and requirements
of sealants

3.2.2 Codes of Practice

Reference Title

BS 5357 Code of practice for installation and application of security glazing

BS 5516 Patent glazing and sloping glazing for buildings. Code of practice for
design and installation of sloping and vertical patent glazing
BS 6262 Code of practice for glazing for buildings
BS 8213: Part 1 Windows doors and rooflights. Design for safety in use and during
cleaning of windows, including door-height windows and roof windows.
Code of practice

3.2.3 Publications

GANA. Glass Association of North America.

FGMA Glazing manual, Sealant manual and laminated glass design guide.
2945 SW Wanamaker Drive, Topeka, KS, USA Fax: 785 271 0166

IGCC. Insulating Glass Certification Council.

P.O.Box 9, Henderson Harbor, NY 13651, USA Fax: 315 646 2297 www. igcc.org

Glass and Glazing Federation.

4-48 Borough High Street, London SE1 1XB Fax: 0870 042 4266 www.ggf.org.uk

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Abbreviations
ACB Air Circuit Breakers EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
ACOP Approved Code of Practice EPDM Ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer
ACRIB Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Industry copolymer
Board FA Fresh Air
ADCM Acoustic Doppler Current Meters FBA Factory Built Assembly
AFMA Australian Fisheries Management Authority FRP Fibre Reinforced Polymer
AGMA American Gear Manufacturers’ Association FSC Forest Stewardship Council
AISI American Iron and Steel Institute GANA Glass Association of North America
AS Acceptance Strength GGBS Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag
ASTA Association of Short-circuit Testing GMS Galvanized Mild Steel
Authorities GRC Glass Reinforced Cement/Glass Reinforced
ASTM American Society for Testing Materials Concrete
ATS Automatic Transfer Switch GRP Glass Reinforced Plastics
AWS American Welding Society HCFC Hydrofluorocarbons
BASEC British Approval Service for Electric Cables HDPE High Density Polyethylene
BOCA Building Officials and Code Administrators HEPA High Efficiency Particulate Air
BRE Building Research Establishment Ltd. HFC HydroFluoroCarbon
BS British Standards HPL High Pressure Laminate
BSRIA Building Service Research and Information HPPE Higher Performance Polyethylene
Association HRC High Rupturing Capacity
CBR California Bearing Ratio HSE Health and Safety Executive
CCTV Close Circuit Television HSFG High Strength Friction Grip
CECOMAF Comité Européen des Constructeurs de HV High Voltage
Matériel Frigorifique HVCA Heating and Ventilating Contractors’
CENELEC Comité Européen de Normalisation Association
Electrotechnique ICBO International Conference of Building Officials
CFC Chlorofluorocarbons IGCC Insulating Glass Certification Council
CIBSE Chartered Institution of Building Services IGE/UP Institution of Gas Engineers – Utilization
Engineers Procedures
CHW Chilled Water IP Ingress Protection
CI Cast Iron ISAT Initial Surface Absorption Test
CLW Cooling Water ISO International Standard Organization
CM Current Margin / Communication cable ITP Inspection Testing Plan
CMP Communication cable (Plenum) KD Kiln Dried
CP Code of Practice kVA Kilovolt Ampere
CPC Circuit Protection Conductor LCD Liquid Crystal Display
CPT Cone Penetration Testing LED Light Emitting Diode
CRS Categorised Required Strength LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas
CRT Cathode Ray Tube LS0H Low Smoke Zero Halogen
CRZ Capillary Rise Zone LSF Low Smoke and Fume
CT Current Transformer LV Low Voltage
c(UL) Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker
(Canada) MCC Motor Control Centre
DEO Defence Estate Organisation MCCB Moulded Case Circuit Breakers
DFT Dry Film Thickness MDF Medium Density Fireboard
DI Ductile Iron MDD Maximum Dry Density
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung MDPE Medium Density Polyethylene
DPC Damp Proof Course MEP Mechanical Electrical Plumbing
DPDT Differential Pressure, Differential MICC Mineral Insulated Copper Covered Cable
Temperature MIO Micaceous Iron Oxide
DS Durability Strength MMI Man Machine Interface
DVR Digital Video Recorder MOD Ministry of Defence
DW Ductwork Specification MS Micro-silica
EA Exhaust Air MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
ECMA European Computer Manufacturers MSRPC Moderate Sulphate Resistance Portland
Association Cement
EA Exhaust Air N Nitrogen
ECMA European Computer Manufacturers NDFT Nominal Dry Film Thickness
Association NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers’ Association
ECR Extra Chemical Resistant NFPA National Fire Protection Association
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment/ NRC Noise Reduction Coefficient
Electronic Industries Alliance NS Norwegian Standard

Page 13
O/D Outside Diameter
ODP Ozone Depletion Potential
OFS Oil Fired (Appliance/Equipment) Standard
OFTEC Oil Firing Technical Association
O&M Operation and Maintenance
OPC Ordinary Portland Cement
PD Published Documents
PE Polyethylene
PFA Pulverised Fuel Ash
PFC Power Factor Correction
PM Project Manager
PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
PVC Polyvinylchloride
PVC-u Unplasticised Polyvinylchloride
PWTAG Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group
QA/QC Quality Assurance/Quality Control
RA Return/Recycled Air
RCCD Residual Current Circuit Breaker
RCD Residual Current Device
R&D Research and Development
REFCOM Register of Companies Competent to handle
refrigerants
RPM Reinforced Plastic Mortar
RPZ Reduced Pressure Zone
RTD Resistant Temperature Detector
RTR Reinforced Thermosetting Resin
SA Supply Air
SBCCI Southern Building Code Congress
International (Incorporated)
SDR Standard Dimension Ratio
SIS Swedish Institute of Standards
SP Super-plasticizing
SPDT Single Pole Double Throw
SRPC Sulphate Resistance Portland Cement
SS Structural Strength
SSPC Steel Structures Painting Council
TIA Telecommunication Industry Association
TRA Trussed Rafter Association
UL Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated
ULPA Ultra Low Penetration Air
UP Unsaturated Polyester Resin
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair
UV Ultra Violet
VC Vitrified Clay
VR Video Recorder
WBP Weather and Boil Proof
W/C Water Cement Ratio
WIS Water Industry Specification
WP Water Proofing
WRAS Water Regulations Advisory Scheme
XLPE Cross Linked Polyethylene

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