PROJECT REPORT ON

“A COMPARITIVE STUDY ON INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR AMOUNG

WORKING WOMEN IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR WITH SPECIAL
REFERANCE TO PERINTHALMANNA MUNICIPALITY”

SUBMITTED BY

VYSHAK.C.P,

REG NO:SXATBCM049

SHARON JOSHI

REG NO:SXATBCM048

VIJISHA P

REG NO:SXATBCM162

UNDER THE GUIEDANCE OF

Mr. SANDEEP

(DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE)

SUBMITTED TO

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD

OF

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE

ST. MARY’S COLLEGE PUTHANANGADIANGADIPURAM MALAPPURAM

KERALA PIN: 679321
2019-2022
 ST.MARY’S COLLEGE PUTHANANGADI, ANGADIPURAM
PIN: 679321
(AFFILIATED TO UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT)

CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THIS PROJECT ENTITLED “A COMPARISION

STUDY ON INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR AMOUNG WORKING IN PRIVATE
AND PUBLIC SECTOR WITH SPECIAL REFERANCE TO
PERINTHALMANNA MUNICIPALITY” IS SUBMITTED TO UNIVERSITY OF
CALICUT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF COMMERCE, IS A RECORD OF
ORIGINAL WORK DONE BY VISHAK.C.P , SHARON JOSHI , VIJISHA P
DURING THE YEAR 2019-2022, IN THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND
MANAGEMENT STUDIES, ST. MARY’S COLLEGE PUTHANANGADI.

DR. K K BALACHANDRAN
(HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT)
 ST.MARY’S COLLEGE PUTHANANGADI, ANGADIPURAM
PIN: 679321
(AFFILIATED TO UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT)

CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THIS PROJECT ENTITLED “A COMPARISION

STUDY ON INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR AMOUNG WORKING IN PRIVATE
AND PUBLIC SECTOR WITH SPECIAL REFERANE TO PERINTHALMANNA
MUNICIPALITY” DONE BY VISHAK.C.P , SHARON JOSHI , VIJISHA P UNDER
MY GUIDANCE AND SUPERVISION.

FACULTY GUIDE
Mr. SANDEEP A
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare project entitled that this “A COMPARITIVE STUDY ON

INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR AMOUNG WORKING IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC
SECTOR WITH APECIAL REFERANCE TO PERINTHALMANNA
MUNICIPALYITY” submitted to UNIVERCITY OF CALICUT, in partial fulfillment of
the requirement by degree of bachelors of commerce is a record of original work done by
me under by supervision of Mr. SANDEEP. I further declare that the project has not been
submitted to any other University or Institution, for the award of any degree or diploma
recognition before.

Place: Puthanangadi VYSH AK C P

SHARON JOSHI
VIJISHA P
Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincere thanks to almighty God, the most gracious and merciful. I am
greatly obliged to Mr. DENNY CHOLAPALLIYIL, Principal, St. Mary’s College
Puthanangadi and Mr.ANANDAN, Head of the department for their whole hearted
support and encouragement.
I proudly utilise this privilege to express my heart-feet thanks and sincere gratitude to my
inspiring guide Mr. SNADEEP, Assistant professor in Department of Commerce and
Management studies in St. Mary’s College Puthanangadi for her kind supervision,
valuable guidance and constant encouragement in bring out this in time with a deep
sense of involvement and confidence. I would like to show my sincere gratitude to all
respondents for all help to complete this report.
Besides, I would like to show my sincere gratitude to all faculty members of the
Department of Commerce and Management Studies for their inspiration, guidance and
suggestions. It is with great respect; I express my sincere gratitude to the respondents for
spending their valuable time to co-operate with my project work. I am also thankful to my
beloved parents and friends for their sincere assistance and encouragement during my
project work.

Place: Puthanangadi VYSHAK C P

SHARON JOSHI
VIJISHA P
Date:
 LIST OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO.

INTRODUCTION

 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
I  SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1-6
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 PERIOD OF THE STUDY
 AREA OF THE STUDY
 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 7-10

III THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 11-16

IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETION 17-44

V FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS & CONCLUSION 45-48

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. NAME OF TABLES PAGE NO.

4.1 AGE 18
4.2 MARITAL STATUS 19
4.3 CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPATION SECTOR 20
4.4 OCCUPATION OF PERSON 21
4.5 EDUCATIONAL PROFILE 22
4.6 MONTHLY INCOME 23
4.7 MONTHLY REGULAR EARNINGS 24
4.8 MONTHLY SAVINGS 25
4.9 PERCENTAGE OF INVESTMENT FROM INCOME 26
4.10 INVESTMENT PREFERENCE 27
4.11 INVESTMENT PURPOSE 28
4.12 INVESTMENT DURATION 29
4.13 FACTORS CONSIDERING BEFORE INVESTMENT 30
4.14 FINANCIAL ADVISOR 31
4.15 ADVICE TAKEN WHILE INVESTING 32
4.16 SOURCES OF INFORMATION 33
NUMBER OF INVESTMENT SCHEMES FAMILIAR
4.17 34
TO THE RESPONDENT
4.18 INVESTMENT MONITORING 35
4.19 BOOST UP FACTORS OF INVESTMENTS 36
4.20 AWARENESS RECOMMENDATION 37
4.21 INVESTMENT ENABLES INDEPENDECE IN FUTURE 38
4.22 SOURCE OF INVESTMENT 39
 LIST OF CHARTS

CHART NO. NAME OF CHARTS PAGE NO.

4.1 AGE 18
4.2 MARITAL STATUS 19
4.3 CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPATION SECTOR 20
4.4 OCCUPATION OF PERSON 21
4.5 EDUCATIONAL PROFILE 22
4.6 MONTHLY INCOME 23
4.7 MONTHLY REGULAR EARNINGS 24
4.8 MONTHLY SAVINGS 25
4.9 PERCENTAGE OF INVESTMENT FROM INCOME 26
4.10 INVESTMENT PREFERENCE 27
4.11 INVESTMENT PURPOSE 28
4.12 INVESTMENT DURATION 29
4.13 FACTORS CONSIDERING BEFORE INVESTMENT 30
4.14 FINANCIAL ADVISOR 31
4.15 ADVICE TAKEN WHILE INVESTING 32
4.16 SOURCES OF INFORMATION 33
NUMBER OF INVESTMENT SCHEMES FAMILIAR
4.17 34
TO THE RESPONDENT
4.18 INVESTMENT MONITORING 35
4.19 BOOST UP FACTORS OF INVESTMENTS 36
4.20 AWARENESS RECOMMENDATION 37
4.21 INVESTMENT ENABLES INDEPENDECE IN FUTURE 38
4.22 SOURCE OF INVESTMENT 39
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1
 INTRODUCTION

Every individual earning money, spends it to meet his own personal needs or to
fulfill the basic needs of his or her family. Individuals use money for various purposes
including funding their family purpose.

Some immediate expenses or saved to meet some future needs. Those who spend
less than what they earn end up with savings. These savings can be accumulated and
grown to fund various goals, such as, for education, marriage, vehicle purchase, house
purchase or for acquiring any other asset, for medical emergencies and for meeting the
post retirement financial needs. In general, the entire amount saved is not held in cash,
but is invested in different asset classes or investment avenues in order to get with the
opening up of the economy and the progress the increase in the number of employed
women has led to rise in the number of savers as well as the quantum of savings by
women.

Today working women operate their savings account, possess asset individually
and own various instruments of investment. Women normally gain insight own
various aspect of investment schemes through education and media including reading
organization report, journal, magazines etc.

Working women consider investing population, comprise 33% of official force,

and perform about 70% all working hours as a necessity not a luxury. Majority of
working women tend to spent more for the benefits of family welfare, food, health,
school fees of children. As a result, the spent less on investment.

2
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A number of studies have been undertaken on women’s investment habits,

preferences and styles. This study is an attempt to understand about the investment
behavior among working women in private and public sector. There is need to know
what a working woman does with her income, what investment portfolio she builds
and what are the major impacts of investment on her life.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Primary Objectives

 To study the investment behavior among working women in private and

public sector.

Secondary Objectives

 To study the awareness of investment schemes among working women.

 To study the saving pattern of working women.

 To examine the investment preference among working women.

3
 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study is confined to an in-depth comparison of investment

behavior of private and public sector working women. The present study covers the
investment of working women in bank deposit, insurance, mutual fund, gold, etc.

These findings could be use full to the financial product creator’s life bank,
mutual fund, houses, insurance company and other marketing intermediatory to
understand what an employed woman looking for in a financial product while taking
investment decisions.

The scope of the study is confined to the investment behavior among working
women in private and public sector in Perinthalmanna municipality.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The study is descriptive in nature. Descriptive studies are more than just a
collection of data. It involves measurement, classification, analysis,
comparison and interpretation. The research design specifies the method of
study. Research design is prepared after formulating the research problem and
need to be most suitable to solve the problem.
SAMPLE DESIGN

 Population

The population for the present study is the entire public and private sector
working women from Perinthalmanna municipality.

 Sample size

The 50 sample are size means the number of the sample units selected from the
population for investigation. The sample size for the present study is 50 working
women from Perinthalmanna municipality.

 Sampling method

Convenient sampling method is used for collecting the required data for analysis.

4
SOURCES OF DATA

Both primary and secondary data are used for the study.

 Primary data

1. Survey by using well-structured questionnaire.

 Secondary data

2. Internet

3. News paper

4. Journals

5. Magazines

TOOLS USED FOR THE STUDY

 Tools for data collection

Questionnaire is used for collecting primary data.

 Tools for analysis

Percentage analysis is used for data analysis.

 Tools for presentation

The statistical tools like, graphs and diagrams used for data analysis.

PERIOD OF THE STUDY

The study was conducted for 21 days.

AREA OF THE STUDY

The study is limited under the area of Perinthalmanna municipality.

5
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

1. Inherent limitations of sample survey of study.

2. Information given by the respondent might be biased because some of them

might not be interested to give correct information.

3. Some of the respondent of the survey where not willing to share

information.

4. Time allotted for the study may be constraint.

6
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

7
 Deepa Mathur (2001) found that 54% of women take professional jobs for
economic reasons, 30% for career, 7.5% work for their financial independence and
2.5% for their reasons. National capital appreciation, safety, liquidity, speculation,
tax benefits, stability of income, transferability and prestige. They prefer simple
and convenient trading procedures while investing their money.
 Venkataraman (2004) observed that psychology of women investors is rather
different from that of men. Women like to get the maximum returns and many of
them create secret savings and use this secret money on gold, jewelries or silk
sarees. They prefer to invest more in post office schemes.
 Sherri Dumond (2005) found that women tend to be less confident in their
investment activities. They are less risk tolerant and more conservative than men in
their investment choices. They are open to advice and consultation.
 Tracey Longo (2008), stated that women have great expertise only in their area of
interest and not in investment. They are nervous and insecure about their
investment plan. 50% of the working women do not know how much they need for
family comforts.
 Lusardi et.al (2009) explored the reasons for not investing in the stock market.
The study was conducted on 7,138 respondents in US. The findings depicted that
ignorance of investors towards the various factors was the basic reason of poor
investment decision. There are various reasons such as lack of awareness, lack of
participation and poor borrowing behave of the investors.

 Kathirvel and Mekala (2010) made an attempt to examine the investment

behavior of investors. The study was carried out on 150 women respondents of
Coimbatore district in Tamilnadu. The results found that lack of knowledge about
the stock market and different investment options prevents women for investing in
share market. The authors concluded that insecurity and high volatility in stock
market are the concerned issues for women investors.

8
 Kaur and Vohra (2012) identified the various reasons that stop the women from
investing in the stock market. The findings revealed that the participation of
women in stock market is limited due to lack of knowledge and education about the
stock market. The authors concluded that specific and relevant information should
be provided to women to ensure their proper dealings in stock market. The various
steps like conducting educational workshop to make them aware about the various
investment avenues should be undertaken.

 Goyal and Sharma (2014) examined the risk bearing capacity of the investors and
explained that investment is the common issues for middle class families to meet
their future expenses. The authors investigated that investors have adequate
knowledge of various investment options such as bank deposits, real estate and
bullions but investors are not more aware about the stock market instruments like
share, debenture and bonds. The study revealed that investors had misconception
regarding investment in share market as they opined that share market means more
fluctuations in returns and high risk which leads to huge loss. The effective
programs and policies should be formed to create a sense of security in share
market.

 Kavitha (2015) analyzed the relationship between the attitude of investors and
stock market investments. The results showed that that there was found significant
relationship between the attitudes of investors and investment in stock market. The
study suggested that positive attitude of investor leads to the effective trading in
stock market due to the introduction of appropriate strategies. There was found
significant relationship between the perception of investors for stock market and
their attitude to participate in dealings. The study concluded that stronger
regulations for stock market should be enforced to ensure the protection of
investors.

9
 Shanthi and Murugesan (2016) described the objectives of women investors for
investing in stock market. The study was conducted on 60 women respondents in
Namakkal district of Tamilnadu. The results reflected that the women investors
invest in stock market with the objectives of appreciation of money, security and
income stability. The authors concluded that working women prefer safety and
higher return regularly on their investment but full awareness is still needed for
women and government should take effective measures in this regard.

 Sarkar and Sahu (2017) attempted to highlight the importance of demographic

aspects and risk attitude of investors to analyze the investment behavior. The
survey was conducted on the investors of in West Bengal region. The authors
found out that the investors whose age falls in the category (28-37) generally
invested more as compared to other respondents of the study. Most of the investors
were found well educated and qualified. The majority of the investors were
belonged to the business class indicating that generally business man takes more
interest in share market investment.

 Assefa and Rao (2018) examined the investment preferences for various
investment avenues. The data were collected from working employees in Wolaita
Sodo, Ethiopia. The findings showed that the overall level of awareness of
investors in Ethiopia is low, and most of the respondents were not aware about
financial concepts related to stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and the compound
interest. The respondents had the similar orders of preference for all investment
avenues.

10
 CHAPTER III
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

11
INTRODUCTION
In the history of human development, women have been as vital in the history
making as men have been. In fact, higher status for women vis-à-vis employment and
work performed by them in a society is a significant indicator of a nation’s overall
progress.
With the changing scenario, Women want to actively participate in all activities such as
education, politics, media, science and technology & become financially independent.
Today’s women are a hard taskmaster, managing between a homely & professional life.
They are financially independent now. They have more earning potential & more
influence over their financial decisions than ever before. Although women’s income is
always considered as a supplementary income within the family. It is universally
considered as, women and children in the family are consumers, not producers
(Kalpagam 1995). General profile of women investment preferences has diversified with
time. There are various investment options available for working women such as mutual
funds, shares, insurance, children education plan, bank, gold, real estate, post services,
with the different objectives such as profit, security, appreciation, income stability.
Though their investment decisions depend upon the various parameters such as degree
of their risk-taking capability, influence of family members and friends, their income,
expenditure, savings, awareness and knowledge about various investment instruments.
Hence, the Investment behavior of each working women is different due to many factors
as safety associated with investment, regular flow of income, tax saving benefits,
security of job, retirement benefits etc. But to make a correct investment decision they
should be aware about various investment plans & their financial needs. If they educate
themselves well about investment avenues & the returns which can be availed from
them, they can take important and bold decisions for making investment and secure their
future. The present research study is focused on the study of investment behavior of
working women in India towards various investment options. The findings of the study
can be beneficial to government, bankers and financial institutions in order to introduce
new schemes of investment and develop strategies for making women more aware about
various investment options.

12
PROBLEMS FACED BY WORKING WOMEN IN TAKING INVESTMENT
DECISIONS

There are researches worldwide (as discussed below) which suggests that women are
more risk averse when compared to men, have a more conservative financial attitude,
lower levels of financial knowledge, lack of confidence and are too much dependent on
the guidance from others when it comes to investment decisions.

 Risk Averse and Conservative

Pertaining to risk tolerance of women, most studies have shown that women are
more risk averse than men.
According to a DSP BlackRock study, the main reasons why women do not take
investment decisions are that they are safety oriented and reluctant to take risks
(Padiyath, 2013).

 Dependent

According to a survey conducted by the Boston Consulting Group to which more

than 12,000 women from 21 countries responded, indicated that there are certain times
in women’s lives when they are most in need of financial help, i.e., opening a first bank
account, obtaining a first credit card, accepting a first job, getting married, buying a
home, starting a salary, receiving a job promotion, getting divorced or becoming
widowed (Silverstein, Kato and Tischhauser, 2009).

 Less Confident

There are many studies which supported that women are generally less confident
(Gaur and Sukhija, 2011), (Barber and Odean, 1998), (Kansal and Zaidi, 2015) when it
comes to making investment decisions as compared to their male counterparts. Men
have more confidence in their abilities when compared with women.

13
ROLE OF WOMEN IN INVESTMENT DECISION MAKING IN FAMILY

The increased participation of women in the labor force, coupled with the trend
towards increased longevity and rising net worth make women investors a force that
cannot be ignored (Melia, 1996). The participation of women in decision making in a
family is increasing with the improvement in the education, literacy level of women and
contribution of income to the family. Earlier, most of the financial decisions were taken
by the male member of the family. But with the rising female economy, women are
actively taking part in most of the decisions of the family, including financial decisions
(Silverstein and Sayre, 2009). There are studies which supported that the women’s
involvement in household decision making has increased in the last few decades.

 Education

Changes in the education of women, increasing number of working women and dual-
income families have challenged the earlier beliefs of the role structure and purchase
influence in the family (Webster, 1995). If one spouse has more education than the
other, that person is more likely to be financially more knowledgeable (Hanna and
Lindamood, 2016). As a result, women's involvement in household financial decisions
increases with their share of household income and their formal financial education, and
decreases with their spouse's shares of income and formal financial education. Women's
involvement also decreases with the wealth of the household.

 Income

There is a strong positive association between the women’s involvement in the

financial decisions and her share in the household income (Yusof, 2015). Greater the
proportion of household income provided by the wife, the more likely she is to control
household finances and to have power in financial decision-making. When the wife is
employed and contributes an income comparable to the husband’s, new role structures
emerge within the family that usually involve wife having more power and influence in
the family’s major economic decision-making.

14
 Employment and Occupation Prestige

The power and influence of women in the family’s financial decision-making

increases if a woman is employed and contributes income to the family (Juyal and
Singh, 2009) (Webster,1995). Females employed as professionals are more confident,
outgoing and trust themselves in the decisions they take, whereas housewives and self-
employed females rely more on their spouses and other family members and lack the
confidence to undertake independent decisions.

FINANCIAL CHALLENGES FACED BY WOMEN

Money has delighted us, but also confounded us for quite a while now. For most part
of our life, we are either thinking, earning or spending it. But why have men been
traditionally better at handling finances, is a question worth looking into!

Indian women are proficient at handling day to day finances but financial planning
has always stumped them. Are you also one of the countless Indian women baffled by
money?

Below are some of the major financial challenges faced by women.

 Gender pay gap

Article 39 of the Indian Constitution states that men and women are entitled for equal
pay against equal work. But that is hardly practiced! According to a 2017 article of India
Responsible Business Forum (IRBF), women are paid 27% less as compared to men.

 Longer periods of absence from work

Indian women often adopt the role of the primary care giver. Even though the
concept of house husband is becoming popular overseas, India is yet to notice such
change. Thus, women encounter longer career breaks due to pregnancy, ailing parents
and other dependents. A direct impact of this is visible in the reduced advancement

15
opportunities and super-annuity benefits offered at retirement. These factors make
financial planning all the more important for women.

 Being emotionally attached to money

Women are always wary about running out of money. They associate financial loss
with failure and shame. This is one of the main reasons women, unlike men, have lower
risk appetite.

 Longer life expectancy

According to a study published by the lancet Journal in 2017, Indian women have a
life expectancy of 70.3 years, as compared to 66.9 years in the case of Indian men.
Increased life expectancy coupled with lower payouts at retirement increase the
retirement-savings gap between men and women.

 Unchecked spending

You might be overlooking the importance of tracking your expenditure. Even if

analyzing your cash flow does not appeal to you, it is an important step to create wealth
and fulfill your goals.

 Leaving financial planning to your male counterpart

Most Indian women feel financial planning to be a man’s job and depend on their
male counterpart to plan their finances. This is mainly due to the patriarchal setup of the
Indian society, where men are viewed as the main breadwinner and women adopt a
sedentary role in financial matters.

16
 CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

17
 TABLE.NO.4.1
AGE
Age No. respondents Percentage
BELOW 20 16 32
20-30 24 48
30-40 2 4
Above 40 8 16
Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO. 4.1

No. respondents

16

BELOW 20
20-30
50 30-40
24 Above 40
Total

8
2

INTERPRETATION

The above analysis shows that 48% women are between the ages of 20 to 30. 32% of
women are below 20.16% of women over 40 years old and only 4% of women are between
the ages of 30-40.

18
 TABLE NO.4.2

MARITAL STATUS

Marital Status No. of respondents Percentage

Married 18 36

Unmarried 32 64

Divorced 0 0

Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.2

Divorced MARITAL STATUS

0%

Married
36%

Unmarried
64%

INTERPRETATION

The above analysis shows that 64% of women are unmarried.36% of women is
married.

19
 TABLE NO.4.3

CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPATION SECTOR

Sector No. of respondents Percentage

Government sector 28 56

Private sector 22 44

Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.3

CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPATION SECTOR

44% Government sector

56% Private sector

INTERPRETATION

The above analysis shows that 56% of peoples are works in government sector.
Private sector workers only in 44%. Most of the peoples work in government sector.

20
 TABLE NO.4.4
OCCUPATION OF PERSON

Occupation No. of respondents Percentage

Employment 20 40
Business 16 32
Profession 9 18
Others 5 10
Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.4

OCCUPATION OF PERSON

10%

Employment
18% 40%
Business
Profession
Others
32%

INTERPRETATON

The above analysis shows that 40% peoples are employees and 32% peoples are own
business. Professions are comparatively low it is only 18%. Employees are high in
society.

21
 TABLE NO.4.5
EDUCATIONAL PROFILE

Education No. of respondents Percentage

Below Secondary 4 8
Under Graduated 16 32
Graduated 22 44
Post Graduated 6 12
Others 2 4
Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.5

EDUCATIONAL PROFILE

4% 8%
12%
Below Secondary
Under Graduated
32% Graduated
Post Graguated
44% Others

INTERPRETATON

The above analysis shows that 44% peoples are graduated.32% peoples are under
graduated. 12% peoples are post graduated.8% peoples are below secondary. Others are
only 4%.

22
 TABLE NO.4.6
MONTHLY INCOME

Income No. of respondents Percentage

Below 30,000 19 38
30,000-50,000 16 32
Above 50,000 15 30

Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.6

MONTHLY INCOME
40%
35% 38%
30% 32%
30%
25%
20%
Series1
15%
10%
5%
0%
Below 30,000 30,000-50,000 Above 50,000

INTEREPRETATION

The above analysis shows that 38% peoples are below 30,000.32% peoples are
between 30,000 to 50,000.only 30% peoples are above 50,000.

23
 TABLE NO.4.7
MONTHLY REGULAR EARNINGS

Response No. of respondents Percentage

Yes 40 80

No 10 20

Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.7

MONTHLY REGULAR EARNINGS

20%

Yes
No
80%

INTERPRETATION
The above analysis shows that 80% peoples have monthly regular earnings.
Because they have proper family plans.20% peoples have no monthly regular
earnings.

24
 TABLE NO.4.25
MONTHLY SAVINGS

Savings No. of respondents Percentage

Below 5,000 16 32
5,000-10,000 18 36
10,000-25,000 11 22
Above 25,000 5 10
Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.8

INTEREPRETATION

The above analysis shows that between5, 000-10,000 their monthly savings that is
36%. Above 25000 is only in 10%. In this table we can realize families are savings into
their future.

25
 TABLE NO.4.9
PERCENTAGE OF INVESTMENT FROM INCOME

Income Invested No. of respondents Percentage

0-15% 18 36

15-30% 22 44

30-50% 10 20

Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.9

PERCENTAGE OF INVESTMENT FROM INCOME

0-15% 15-30% 30-50%

20%
36%

44%

INTEREPRETATION

The above analysis shows that 44% women are invested 15-30% of their monthly
income for future savings.36% women are invested 0-15%. Only 20% women are
invested 30-50%.

26
 TABLE NO.4.10
INVESTMENT PREFERENCE

Investment Preferences No. of respondents Percentage

Fixed Deposit 16 32%
Insurance 18 36%
Stock Market 8 16%
Govt. Securities 6 12%
Others 2 4%
Total 50 100%

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.10

INVESTMENT PREFERENCE

4%
12%
32%
16%

36%

Fixed Deposit Insurance Stock Market Govt. Securities Others

INTEREPRETATION

The above analysis shows that most of the women choose Fixed Deposit
(36%) and Insurance (32%) for their future savings. 16% women choose stock
market. 12% women choose govt securities and only 4% women prefer others.

27
1
TABLE NO.4.11
INVESTMENT PURPOSE

Investment Purpose No. of respondents Percentage

Wealth Creation 9 18
Tax Saving 7 14
Earn Returns 20 40
Meet Future Expenses 12 24
Others 2 4
Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.11

INVESTMENT PURPOSE

40%
40%

30%
24%
20% 18%
14%
10%
4%

0%
Wealth Creation Tax Saving Earn Returns Meet Future Others
Expenses

INTEREPRETATION
The above analysis shows that most of the women targeted more earn
returns(40%) from their investment. 24% women are looking to meet future
expenditure and 18% aims wealth creation. 14% women invested their income for tax
saving purpose. From the above table we can realize each and every person has their
own reasons for saving money.

28
 TABLE NO.4.12
INVESTMENT DURATION

Investment Duration No. of respondents Percentage

Short Term 10 20

Medium Term 24 48

Long Term 16 32

Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.12

INVESTMENT DURATION
Short Term Medium Term Long Term

20%
32%

48%

INTEREPRETATION

From the above table it is clear that most of the women are invested their money
as medium-term investment (48%). 32% women invested long term and 20% women
invested short term.

29
 TABLE NO.4.13
FACTORS CONSIDERING BEFORE INVESTMENT

Factors No. of respondents Percentage

Safety of Principal 22 44
Low Risk 10 20
High Return 13 26
Maturity Period 5 10
Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.13

INTEREPRETATION

From the above table it is clear that most of the women are considering safety of
principal (44%).26% women are consider high return. 20% women are consider low
risk and only 10% women are considering maturity period.

30
 TABLE NO.4.14
FINANCIAL ADVISOR

Response No. of respondents Percentage

Yes 38 76

No 12 24

Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.14

FINANCIAL ADVISOR

24%
Yes
No

76%

INTEREPRETATION

The above analysis shows that 76% women have financial advisor for their
investment decision making and 24% women have not.

31
 TABLE NO.4.15
ADVICE TAKEN WHILE INVESTING

Advice for investing No. of respondents Percentage

Husband & Family Member 18 36

Friends & colleagues 16 32

Company agency 6 12

Self-decision 10 20

Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.15

INTERPRETATION

From the above table it is clear that most of the women are taken the investment
decision as per the advice from Husband & Family members (36%), Friends and
Colleagues (32%). Self-decision is partly support them (20%). Company agency
(12%) have small portion for advice of investing.

32
 TABLE NO.4.16
SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Information from No. of respondents Percentage

Tv & Radio 9 18
Journals & Magazines 6 12
Family & Colleagues 10 20
Organizational Report 20 40
Others 5 10
Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.16

INTEREPRETATION

From the above table it is clear that women’s have get information about
investment from many ways. Organizational report gives a main participation for
giving information (40%). Family & colleagues information is 20%. Journals and
magazines information is 12%. Some peoples depend on some other methods for
getting information.

33
 TABLE NO.4.17
NUMBER OF INVESTMENT SCHEMES FAMILIAR TO THE RESONDENTS

No. of Awareness No. of respondents Percentage

3 22 44

3-5 19 38

More than 5 9 18

Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.17

NUMBER OF INVESTMENT SCHEMES FAMILIAR TO THE

RESPONDENTS

More than 5
18% 3
44%
3-5
38%

3 3-5 More than 5

INTEREPRETATION

From the above table it is clear that the familiar of investment schemes is
comparatively low. Here 44% of peoples are familiar 3 investment schemes. 38% of
peoples are familiar more than 3 investment schemes. Only 18% of peoples are
familiar more than 5 investment schemes.

34
 TABLE NO.4.18
INVESTMENT MONITORING

Monitoring No. of respondents Percentage

Daily 5 10

Monthly 20 40

Occasionally 25 50

Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.18

INTEREPRETATION

As the majority of the women prefer investing their funds occasionally

investment (50%).very few of the women invest funds monthly and daily. So that
many women did not aware new investment schemes.

35
 TABLE NO.4.19
BOOST UP FACTORS OF INVESTMENTS

Boost Up Factor No. of respondents Percentage

Extra Incentives 10 20
Additional Bonus 18 36
High Rate of Interest 20 40
Others 2 4
Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.19

BOOST UP FACTORS OF INVESTMENT

Others
Extra Incentives
High Rate of 4% 20%
Interest
40% Additional
Bonus
36%

Extra Incentives Additional Bonus High Rate of Interest Others

INTEREPRETATION

From the above table it is clear that most of the women are considering High
Rate of Interest (40%) and Additional Bonus (36%) while making their investment
decision. Extra Incentives is focused (20%). 4% considering others.

36
 TABLE NO.4.20
AWARENESS RECOMMENDATION

Awareness Recommendation No. of respondents Percentage

Training Programs 5 10
Advertisements 11 22
Workshop & Seminar 18 36
Social welfare Programs 16 32
Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.20

INTEREPRETATION
From the above table it is clear that 10% of peoples say give training programs
for awareness about investments. Advertisements make effective in (22%). they give
more preference for workshop & seminar (36%) because it is an easiest way and
quickly catchable method for women. social welfare programs help to aware them
only 32%.

37
 TABLE NO.4.21
INVESTMENT ENABLES INDEPENDECE IN FUTURE
Independence in future No. of respondents Percentage
Strongly agree 32 64
Agree 5 10
Neutral 10 20
Disagree 2 4
Strongly Disagree 1 2
Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.21

No. of respondents

Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Total

INTEREPRETATION

From the above table it is clear that 64% of women strongly agree with enable
them independent in future. Because they have good investments make women
powerful in society. 10% of women are agreeing and 20% of women are neutral. 6%
of women are disagreeing with it. Because there is maybe did not make good
investments, here neutral women are comparatively high. Suppose may be each one
did not have get better benefit from investment.

38
 TABLE NO.4.22
SOURCE OF INVESTMENT

Sources No. of respondents Percentage

Own savings 45 90
Borrowings 3 6
Both 2 4

Total 50 100

Source: Primary data

CHART NO.4.22

SOURCE OF INVESTMENT

100%
90%
80%
60%
40%
20% 6% 4%
0%
Own savings Borrowings Both Series1

INTEREPRETATION

The above analysis shows that most of the peoples are investing their money
from their own savings (90%), borrowings are only (6%). Because they made
borrowing investment method, it is affected women weekly. Only 4% of the
peoples are investing their money in both.

39
 CHAPTER V
FINDINGS, SUGGESTONS AND CONCLUSION

40
FINDINGS
 The study established that the most of the women’s are works in government
sector (56%).

 Most of the 80% women’s are have monthly regular savings, so they are make
good investment methods

 The study reveals that, while considering private & government sector working
women, the purpose of saving is almost same in the both case. Their main purpose
of investment is earning more income from their investment.

 Most of the 40% of women’s are getting information about investment is from
organization report, and they take while advice most from husband & family.

 Number of awareness is comparatively low.

 More of them have proper family expenditure, because they are mostly taken bank
deposits.

 In the case of social impact women’s get more strengthen ability to use their
money properly and enable to them independent in future 64%. Investment method
encourage to women’s for give advice to their own family & relatives.

 In this study we can recognize most of the women’s want high rate of investment.

 This study reveals women’s are mostly said they want awareness programs about
investment in workshop & seminar 36% method.

 Medium term investors are high and more of them invest their own money,
borrowing method is comparatively low.

 In this study we can recognize 36% of women prefer to invest in insurance

policies.

 Most of the women monitor their investment occasionally (50%).

41
SUGGESTIONS

 Provide training programs, workshop & seminars, social welfare programs,

investor's meet to create awareness among working women

 women should be encouraged to invest in more Avenues & participate in the

investment Avenues which involve high risk & high returns

 It is advisable that the investor should take help from the financial planners

 It is suggested to the investors that, their investment duration should depend on

their objective & type of investment avenue

 Government should conduct more awareness programs to working women’s

relate with investment behavior.

 Women should recognize their financial independence and plan for the future to
make it better.

 Government should start more innovative projects like “Mahila Bank” where
everything is being done by women. They can make investment in these banks.

42
CONCLUSION

Investment is the process of investing money for profit. In an economic sense, an

investment is the purchase of goods that are not consumed today but are used in the
future to create wealth. The investment behavior of people may not be homogeneous, it
may differ. The present study has tried to discover the investment behavior among
working women in private & public sector. The study shows women's investment
preference, their awareness towards investment schemes, their purpose of saving & the
social impact on saving. Many women’s are investing their money in banks because they
are more reliable in that method.

43
BIBLIOGRAPHY

44
BOOK REFERENCE

 IM Pandey(1995), “financial Management”, 7th revised edition, Vikas Publishing

House Private Limited, New Delhi.
 H.Kent baker and Victor ricciardi (March 2014), “Investor Behavior” the
psychology of financial planning and investing.
 James Montier (2009), “Behavioral investing”, a practitioners Guide to
applying behavioral finance.
 Dr. K Venugopalan, “Research Methodology”.
 Preeti singh(2006), “investment Management”.

MAGAZINES

Business India Magazine

Outlook Money Magazine
English News papers

WEBSITES
https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/business-and-finance/financial-challenges-faced-by-
indian-women
https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2020&context=aabfj
https://www.ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR1809016.pdf

45
APPENDIX

46
QUESTIONNAIRE

1) NAME:-

2) AGE:-
A)BELOW 20 B) 20-30 C) 30-40 D) ABOVE 40

3) MARITAL STATUS:-
A) MARRIED B) UNMARRIED C) DIVORCED

4) OCCUPATION SECTOR?
A) PUBLIC SECTOR B) PRIVATE SECTOR

5) OCCUPPATION?
A) EMPLOYMENT B) BUSINESS
C) PROFESSION D) OTHERS

6) WHAT IS YOUR EDUCATIONAL PROFILE?

A) BELOW SECONDARY B) UNDER GRADUATED
C) GRADUATED D) POST GRADUATED E) OTHERS

7) HOW MUCH IS YOUR MONTHLY EARNINGS?

A) BELOW 30000 B) 30000-50000 C) ABOVE 50000

8) DO YOU HAVE MONTHLY REGULAR SAVINGS?

A) YES B) NO

9) HOW MUCH YOUR MONTHLY SAVINGS?

A) BELOW5000 B) 5000 – 10000
C) 10000 – 25000 D) ABOVE 25000

10) WHAT PERCENTAGE OF YOUR INCOME DO YOU INVEST?

A) 0-15% B) 15-30% C) 30-50%

47
11) WHERE DO YOU INVEST? (PUT A TICK MARK ON YOUR OPTION)
A) FIXED DEPOSIT B) INSURANCE
C) STOCK MARKET D) GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
E) OTHERS

12) WHAT IS THE PURPOSE BEHIND THE INVESTMENT?

A) WEALTH CREATION B) TAX SAVING
C) EARN RETURNS D) FUTURE EXPENSE
E) OTHERS

13) WHAT IS THE TIME PERIOD DO YOU PREFER TO INVEST?

A) SHORT TERM B) MEDUIM TERM
C) LONG TERM

14) WHICH FACTOR DO YOU CONSIDER BEFORE INVESTING?

A) SAFETY OF PRINCIPAL B) LOW RISK
C) HIGH RETURN D) MATURITY PERIOD

15) DO YOU HAVE A FINANCIAL ADVISOR?

A) YES B) NO

16) WHOSE ADVICE YOU TAKE WHILE INVESTING?

A) HUSBAND & FAMILY MEMBERS B) FRIENDS & COLLEGES
C) COMPANY AGENCY D) SELF DECISION

17) WHAT IS YOUR SOURCE OF INFORMATIONABOUT INVESTMENT?

A) TV& RADIO B) JOURNALS& MAGZINES
C) FAMILY &COLLEGES D) ORGANISATION REPORT E) OTHERS

18) HOW MANY INVESTMENT SCHEMES ARE YOU AWARE?

A) BELOW 3 B) 3-5 C) MORE THAN 5

48
19) HOW OFTEN DO YOU MONITOR YOUR INVESTMENT?
A) DAILY B) MONTHLY
C) OCCASIONALLY

20) WHICH OF THESE SPECIAL PROVISIONS NEED TO BOOST UP

YOUR INVESTMENT?
A) EXTRA INCENTIVES B) ADDITIONAL BONUS
C) HIGH RATE OF INTEREST D) OTHERS

21) WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INITIATIVES DO YOU RECOMMEND

TO CREATE AWARENESS AMONG WORKING WOMEN INVESTMENT?
A) TRAINING PROGRAMMES B) ADVERTISEMENTS
C) WORKSHOPS & SEMINARS D) SOCIAL WELFARE PROGRAMMES

22) “INVESTMENT ENABLES ME TO ENJOY INDEPENDENCE IN

FUTURE”. DO YOU AGREE?
A) STRONGLY AGREE B) AGREE
C) NUTRAL D) DISAGREE
E) STRONGLY DISAGREE

23) STATE THE SOURCE OF INVESTMENTS?

A) OWN SAVINGS B) BORROWINGS C) BOTH

49