ENGLISH MORPHOLOGHY AND SYNTAX

"Sente
nces analysis using Chinese boxes"
COURSE LECTURER :
Dr. Muh. Sukri, S..S, M. Hum

ARRANGED BY :
Fatmi (40300121106)
Fitri Rahayu (40300121125)
Muh. Ishak (40300121124)

SEMESTER 3 AG 4

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ETIQUETTE AND HUMANITIES
ALAUDDIN STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MAKASSAR
2022/2023

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
the Study Languageis the most important means of communication of human beings.
By language, people are able to communicate and to cooperate with others. People
use language as the medium of expressing feeling, ideas, and thoughts. Language can
be presented in spoken and written form. Therefore, people should master language
in order to avoid misunderstanding between the speaker and the listener or
between the writer and the readers. Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies the
internal structure of sentences and the interrelationships among the internal parts

B. Formulation Of The Problem

Based on the description of the bacground above, we can formulate the formulation of
the problem that will be discussed in this paper, namely:
1. What is The Definition of analysis sentences
2. What is the Chinese boxes
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. DEFINITION OF SENTENCES ANALYSIS

• Analysis comes from the acient Greek languange, namely Analusis.
Ana => return
Luein => let go

• Analysis is an attempt to observe in detail on a thing or subject by describing the

components of the components that make up or arranging these coponents for further
study.

A sentence is a set of words that are put together to mean something. A sentence is the
basic unit of languange which expresses a complete thought. It does this by the
following the grammatical basic rules of syntax.

Analysis is a Greek word which means the act of dissolving or breaking up. In
grammar it is applied to the separation of a sentence into its constituent parts or
elements. To dissect a sentence in this way is to analyze it.

The elements which make up a sentence are….

(1) the simple subject
(2) the simple predicate
(3) modifiers
(4) the complements - direct object, predicate objective, predicate adjective, predicate
nominative
(5) the so-called independent elements - the interjection, the vocative (or nominative
of direct address), the exclamatory nominative and various parenthetical expressions

The absolute essentials for a sentence are a substantive as subject and a verb as
predicate. By combining these two indispensable elements, in various ways, with
modifiers and complements, the sentence may be extended to any length desired.
Indeed, the sole limits are the constructive skill of the writer and the hearer’s ability to
follow the thought without losing the thread.
Analysis is a process of analysing the construction of a Sentence, in order to
understand the relationship of its parts. A Simple Sentence can be very short, or it can
be very long. A Simple Sentence can be composed of a Subject and Predicate or it
might have Article, Adjective, Verb or Adverb. The Subject tells us who or what the
sentence is about, and the Predicate tells us what that subject is doing, sensing or is.
The most basic part of the Predicate is the verb. In fact, sometimes the predicate may
consist of only a verb, but it still tells us what the subject is doing.

Example: "Ali is walking". A complete sentence has at least a subject and a main verb
to state (declare) a complete thought

B. THE PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF SENTENCE ANALYSIS

•The word analysis is widely used in various fields of science, such as social science,
management, business, economics, accounting, linguistics, natural sciences,and other
fields of science.

•The purpose of analysis is to make the complete grammatical structure of a sentence

clear. Each part of the sentence is identified, its function described, and its
relationship to the other parts of the sentence explained.

C. HOW TO ANALYZING SENTENCES

A sentence is composed of words grouped into phrases and clauses. Analyzing
(parsing) a sentence and its components helps you understand the function of each of
its nouns, verbs, and modifiers in the sentence so you can write better sentences. You
can determine the function of each component of a sentence from its position in the
sentence, or you can organize the words into a diagram to graphically display their
functions.

1. Look for the subject of the sentence. As noted earlier, the subject is a noun phrase
(or a pronoun) that tells what the subject is about. The subject also determines the
form the verb in the predicate takes.
2. Find the verb and you find the predicate. Also as noted earlier, the predicate tells
what action the subject is taking or has taken or the subject’s state of being. In most
sentences, the predicate immediately follows the subject, while for interrogative
sentences, the predicate verb usually comes before the subject.

3. Look for the direct and indirect objects, if they’re present. Objects, when present,
typically follow the verb in the predicate. A verb followed by one or more objects is
called a transitive verb, while a verb that isn’t followed by an object is called an
intransitive verb.
4. Identify modifying words, phrases, and clauses and determine what they modify.
Often, you can determine what words modify other words by their position in the
sentence.

D. DEFINITION OF Chinese boxes

• Chinese box is a binary system which is conducted by W. Nelson Francis as a media

in doing syntactical analys.

• It is doing to analyze the syntactic structure, representing graphically the various

structure that are included in English syntax. Usually, it uses a simple of diagramming
sentence into elements and parts, called 'Chinese Boxes'.

•The four different structure are identified by placing simple symbols between two
immediate constituents. An arrow "->" indicates moditication, a capital "P" indicates
predication, a capital "C" indicates complementation, and a parallel "=" indicates
coordination. Preposition, includes and interrogators are put into smaller box,
connected to the box, containing the subject, included clause or question which they
introduce.

• With in the complementat, the various kinds of complements are identified by

labeling their boxes with initials: DO (direct object), 10 (indirect obiect), SC (subject
complement), and OC (object complement).
In literature, a Chinese box structure refers to a frame narrative, where a novel or
drama is told in the form of a narrative inside a narrative (and so on), giving views
from different perspectives. Examples include Plato's dialogue Symposion, Mary
Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein, Jostein Gaarder's The Solitaire Mystery, Emily
Brontë's Wuthering Heights, and Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness.

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Chinese Boxes is a system of diagramming the structure
into parts or elements of constituents or phrases. It is more specific
analysis till small parts of the sentence in phrases.

B. SUGGESTION
We make this paper as a learning toll for all of us for the future, there for hopes that
the material in this paper can be studied and understood well and hopefully can be
usefull for all of us.