John Ray D.

Colmenar

TOPIC:Cancer and Contemporary Therapeutic Approaches

OUTLINE:

1.0 Diagnosis and staging

1.1 DBT(breast cancer diagnosis system)

1.2TNM(staging system)

2.0 Complications and side effects

2.1Metastatic

2.2Spinal Cord Compression

3.0 Treatment Method

3.1Chemotherapy

3.2 Radiotherapy

THESIS STATEMENT:

Cancer is a disease in which some of the body cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.It is caused by

uncontrolled cell division,gene mutation or infection.

INTRODUCTION:

Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body. Cancer can start almost
anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells. Normally, human cells grow and multiply (through a process called cell
division) to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place.

BODY

Breast cancer can begin in different parts of the breast. A breast is made up of three main parts: lobules, ducts, and connective tissue.

The lobules are the glands that produce milk. The ducts are tubes that carry milk to the nipple. The connective tissue, which consists of

fibrous and fatty tissue, surrounds and holds everything together. Most breast cancers begin in the ducts or lobules. Breast cancer can
spread outside the breast through blood vessels and lymph vessels. When breast cancer spreads to other parts of the body, it is said to

have metastasized. and the TNM staging system, and to determine the effect of the new system on survival.

Metastatic breast cancer is also classified as stage four breast cancer. The cancer has spread to other parts of the body. This

usually includes the lungs, liver, bones, or brain. The symptoms may vary, depending on how far your breast cancer has

spread and what type of tissue the new cancer growth has invaded. All symptoms should be reported to your physician.

Some of the symptoms are severe, progressive pain, swelling, and bones that are more easily fractured or broken.

Spinal cord compression occurs when a mass places pressure on the cord. A mass can include a tumor or bone fragment.

Compression can develop anywhere along the spinal cord, from the neck to the lower spine. What are the symptoms of spinal

cord compression? One of the most common symptoms is stiffness or pain in the back or the neck. Numbness or weakness in

the legs, hands, and arms can also develop.

Chemotherapy is an aggressive form of chemical drug therapy meant to destroy rapidly growing cells in the body. It’s usually

used to treat cancer, as cancer cells grow and divide faster than other cells. A doctor who specializes in cancer treatment is

known as an oncologist. They’ll work with you to come up with a treatment plan. Therefore, there are numerous side effects

of chemotherapy, like easy bruising and excessive bleeding, diarrhea, dry mouth, mouth sores, fatigue, fever, and hair loss.

Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) is a cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and

shrink tumors. At low doses, radiation is used in x-rays to see inside your body, as with x-rays of your teeth or broken bones.

There are two types of radiotherapy. External beam radiation therapy and internal radiation therapy External-beam radiation

therapy comes from a machine that aims radiation at your cancer. The machine is large and may be noisy. It does not touch

you but can move around you, sending radiation to a part of your body from many directions and Internal radiation therapy

is a treatment in which a source of radiation is put inside your body. The radiation source can be solid or liquid. Like

chemotherapy, there are numerous side effects. swelling (edema), tenderness, blurry vision, and shortness of breath

Conclusion

It is important to spread awareness about breast cancer among a wide audience, especially among women, as it is a fatal

condition that can harm both your physical and emotional health. When compared to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which

will aid in the battle against the illness and have a good probability of surviving and not getting worse, there are several

preliminary treatments available to treat cancer. If she has this condition, she should not be worried.
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy?fbclid=IwAR2fPhixarh7JoAdhQbVzyHiAK8LzET6-dCrDdhE5Uiom

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https://www.healthline.com/health/spinal-cord-compression?fbclid=IwAR0gZr--dPPT_vqJsjNkvU66YbuWv285r0zPlpVshjpevy_D

zZh8jQdhGmI#symptoms

https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/metastatic-breast-cancer?fbclid=IwAR1eWndUxNwZgx97q_EWSYmvUbJmJ4q2FVWe6Ek

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https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/what-is-breast-cancer.htm

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/TNM?fbclid=IwAR3Ub6ymWnErrZH4HTivBwD3WQfH0uXFOHjW7ltdloRfQtvZi

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https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer