SELF-LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT)

Subject : Mathematics Grade : 9 Quarter : 3 Week : 1a

MELC : The learner determines the conditions that make Competency Code : M9GE - IIIa - 2
a quadrilateral a parallelogram.
Name : _________________________________________________ Section :______________ Date: _________
School : _________________________________________________ District:______________________________

I. Readings/Discussions

A study of quadrilaterals will give us better understanding of geometrical relationships. Among these
relationships is the arrangement of polygonal regions having their sides in common, completely covering
a plane.
A quadrilateral is a closed plane figure consisting of four line segments or sides. These sides may or may
not be congruent and parallel.
Quadrilaterals can be named by their vertices. The order of naming the vertices is important.
A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel.

Kinds of Quadrilaterals

Let us recall the definitions of the different kinds of quadrilaterals.

A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with 2 pairs of opposite sides parallel.

A rhombus is a parallelogram with all four sides congruent.

A rectangle is a parallelogram with four right angles.

A square is a rectangle with all four sides congruent.

A kite is a quadrilateral whose four sides can be grouped into two pairs of equal - length sides that are

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 adjacent to each other. A kite, may be either convex or concave, but the word “kite” is often
restricted to the convex variety.
A kite has two sets of adjacent congruent sides. This means that all rhombi are kites, but not all kites
are rhombi. A square is a rhombus with all right angles. This means that all squares are rhombi
( which means they have to be kites ), but not all rhombi are squares.

A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of opposite sides parallel.

A trapezoid, also known as a trapezium, is a flat closed shape having four straight sides, with one pair of
parallel sides. The parallel sides of a trapezium are known as the bases, and its non-parallel sides
are called legs.
A trapezium is a trapezoid , therefore it cannot be a square. A square has four congruent sides and angles.
The most congruent sides a trapezium can have is three. The most congruent angles it can have is two.
Like other quadrilaterals, the sum of all four angles of the trapezium is equal to 360⁰. The diagonals of regular
trapezium bisect each other . The length of the mid - segment is equal to half the sum of the parallel
bases, in a trapezium.

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The general quadrilateral shown below can be named ABCD or BCDA or CDAB or DABC, but not ACBD
or BDAC.
B
A

D C

Vertices A and D are consecutive vertices.

Vertices A and C are opposite vertices.
Two sides with a common vertex like AD and AB are consecutive sides, otherwise they are
opposite sides like AB and DC.
Two angles with common side, like ∟A and ∟B are consecutive angles, otherwise they are
opposite angles, like ∟A and ∟C.
The segments joining opposite vertices of the quadrilateral, like AC and BD, are called diagonals.

In the figures below, QUAD is a convex quadrilateral, while BPRC ia a nonconvex quadrilateral.

Remember :
A quadrilateral is convex if and only if its diagonals intersect.

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 In parallelogram ROSE, R O

E S
the 4 angles are ∟R, ∟O, ∟S and ∟E .
the 2 pairs of opposite angles are ∟R and ∟S , ∟E and ∟O.
the 4 pairs of consecutive angles are ∟R and ∟O, ∟O and ∟S, ∟S and ∟E, ∟E and ∟R.
C
In parallelogram CARE,

E A

the four sides are CA, AR, RE and EC.

the 2 pairs of opposite sides are CA and RE, EC and AR.
the 4 pairs of consecutive sides are CA and AR, AR and RE, RE and EC, EC and CA.

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 In parallelogram LOYD, L O

D Y
the 4 vertices are L, O, Y and D.
the 2 pairs of opposite vertices are L and Y, O and D.
the 4 pairs of consecutive vertices are L and O, O and Y, Y and D, D and L.

In parallelogram NICE, N I
the 2 diagonals are NC and EI.
a pair of diagonals NC and EI.
E C

Conditions that Guarantee a Quadrilateral a Parallelogram

1. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of opposite sides are congruent.

2. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of opposite angles are congruent.
3. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of consecutive angles are supplementary.
4. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if the diagonals bisect each other.
5. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if the diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles.
6. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if one pair of opposite sides are both congruent and parallel.

II. Exercises
Exercise 1
Directions: Classify each statement as true or false.
1. Every square is a rectangle.
2. Every rectangle is a rhombus.
3. Every trapezoid is a quadrilateral.
4. Every trapezoid is a parallelogram.
5. Every rectangle is a quadrilateral.
6. Every rectangle is a parallelogram.
7. Every square is a rhombus.
8. Every rhombus is a parallelogram.
9. Every parallelogram is a square.
10. A square is both a rectangle and a rhombus.

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Exercises 2
Directions: In the quadrilateral ABEH below, name the following:

A B
1. a pair of diagonals

2. 4 pairs of consecutive vertices

3. 2 pairs of opposite vertices

H E 4. 2 pairs of opposite angles

4. 2 pairs of opposit sides

6. 4 pairs of consecutive sides

7. 4 pairs of consecutive angles

III. Assessment/Application /Outputs (Please refer to DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2020)

A. Directions: Read and analyze each problem carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer from the

choices.
1. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Every rhombus is a rectangle. B. Every square is a rectangle.
C. Every rectangle is a square. D. Every parallelogram is a rhombus.
2. How do you describe any two opposite angles in a parallelogram?
A. They are supplementary. B. They are both right angles.
C. They are always congruent. D. They are complementary
3. What can you say about any two consecutive angles in a parallelogram?
A. They are always supplementary. B. They are always congruent.
C. They are sometimes complementary. D. They are both right angles.
4. A line segment joining two nonconsecutive vertices of a polygon is called ___________ .
A. angle B. vertex
C. side D. diagonal
5. Which of the following figures is convex?
A. B.

C. D.

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B. Directions: Tell wether the statement is true or false.
1. A rhombus is a square.
2. A square is a parallelogram.
3. Every parallelogram is a rectangle.
4. The opposite angles of a rhombus are congruent.
5. A rectangle has one right angle.
C, Directions: In the quadrilateral MATH, name the following:
M A 1. 2 pairs of opposite angles
2. a pair of diagonals
3. 2 pairs of opposite vertices
4. 2 pairs of opposite sides
H T 5. 4 pairs of consecutive angles

IV. Suggested Enrichment/ Reinforcement Activity/ies

A. Give the measures of the other three angles of parallelogram MAKE,

1. if m ∟M = 105⁰ M A
2. If m ∟A = 70⁰
3. if m ∟K = 120⁰
E K

B. In parallelogram AXEL , diagonals XL and EA bisect each other at O.

1. If XE = 12 cm, how long is AL ? A X
2. If AX = 15 cm, how long is LE ?
3. If XO = 5 cm, and EO = 6 cm, what is the length
of XL ? of EA ? o
L E

References:
1. “Mathematics Learner’s Material Grade 9”. pp. 297-312.
2. “ Geometry “ by Dillao, Soledad Jose. pp. 114- 123.

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

PATRICIA P. SITON PAMELA A. RODEMIO

Teacher III EPS in Mathematics
Mantalongon National High School Division of Cebu Province

GUIDE

For the Teacher: Advise the students to read the reading and discussion portion before they attempt to answer the
practice exercises. Going through the parts sequentially will help them understand easily the topic.

For the Learner: Read through the self-learning home task from the first part to the last part. Doing so, will help you
understand better the topic.

For the Parent/Home Tutor: Assist your child and make sure that he/she reads the self-learning home task from beginning
to end to ensure proper understanding of the concepts.
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