DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OFENGINEERING

(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU Belagavi, Approved By AICTE & ISO 9001-2008 Certified Accredited
By National Assessment And Accreditation Council (NAAC) With ‘A’ Grade.) Shavige Malleshwara Hills,
Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru – 560 078.

(2021)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Internship report on

“Ladder Programming Using PLC”

Internship report submitted in partial fulfillment of award of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
In

Electronics and Communication Engineering

SUBMITTED BY

PURAM VAMSHI, 1DS21EC155

III SEMESTER, B.E.
Internship carried out at

Centre of competence for Automation Technologies Rexroth Bosch and Dayananda Sagar
University, Kudlu Gate, Bangalore-560068

Dr Ganashree T.S, (M-Tech, Ph.D.) Ms. K. Sudha Deepthi

Associate Professor Assistant Manager &Certified Trainer
Dept. of E&TC Engg Centre of competence for Automation
DSCE, Bangalore Technologies Rexroth Bosch and DSU
 DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated To VTU Belagavi, Approved By AICTE & ISO 9001-2008 Certified Accredited By National
Assessment And Accreditation Council (NAAC) With ‘A’ Grade.) Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru
– 560 078.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the internship report entitled “Ladder Programming using PLC”, is carried
out at BOSCH REXROTH-Dayananda Sagar University by Puram Vamshi [DS21EC155] in partial
fulfilment for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING prescribed by VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
BELGAUM during the academic year of 2021-2022.The Internship report been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirements with respect to Internship work prescribed for the said
degree.

____________________ ____________________
Signature of the Internal Supervisor Signature of the HOD
Dr. Ganashree T.S Dr.T.C.Manjunath

Signature of the Principal

Dr. C. P. S. Prakash
____________________

Internship VIVA-VOCE
Name of the Examiners Signature with Date
1.____________________ ____________________
2.____________________ ____________________
 DAYANANDA SAGAR UNIVERSITY
In collaboration with REXORTH BOSCH
Hosur Main Road, Kudlu Gate, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560068

Centre of Competence for AutomationTechnologies

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the internship report entitled “Ladder Programming using
PLC”, is carried out at BOSCH REXROTH-Dayananda Sagar University by
[1DS21EC155], a bonafide student of Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering,
Bangalore, in partial fulfilment for the award of Degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING prescribed
by VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELGAUM during the academic
year of 2021-2022.The Internship report been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirements with respect to Internship work prescribed for the said
degree.

____________________

Signature of the Supervisor

K. Sudha Deepthi
Assistant Manager & Certified trainer
 Centre of Competence for Automation technologies
REXROTH BOSCH- DSU, Bangalore

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am grateful to Dr. C.P.S Prakash, principal, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore,
for his continuous support throughout the completion of this report.

I would also express my thanks to Dr. T. C. Manjunath, HOD and Prof.Basavaraj.S.S, my internal
guide, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of
Engineering, Bangalore. Their incessant encouragement and valuable technical support have
been immense help in realizing this seminar.

I would take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Ganashree T.S, Associate
Professor, Dept. E&TC for her guidance gave us the environment to enhance our knowledge,
skills and to reach the pinnacle with sheer determination, dedicated and hard work. Guidance
and deadlines play a very important role in successful completion of the internship report on
time.

I convey my gratitude to my external guide Ms. K. Sudha Deepthi, Assistant Manager and
certified trainer at Centre of competence at Automation Technologies Rexroth BOSCH at
Dayananda Sagar University for their support in carrying out the internship work at Rexroth
Bosch.

PURAM VAMSHI
1DS21EC155
 Declaration by the Student

I, PURAM VAMSHI , hereby declare that the dissertation entitled, ”Ladder Programming using
PLC”, which has been submitted by me as partial fulfilment for the 3rd semester examination of
Bachelor of Engineering degree from Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, is an
authentic record of my own work carried out by me during B.E third semester at Centre of
competence at Automation Technologies Rexroth BOSCH at Dayananda Sagar University, under
the supervision of my internal guide Prof. Basavaraj SS ,Associate Professor Dept. ECE, DSCE,
Bangalore and external guide Ms. K. Sudha Deepthi, Assistant Manager and certified trainer at
Centre of competence at Automation technologies Rexroth BOSCH at Dayananda Sagar
University for their support in carrying out the internship work at Rexroth Bosch .

I further undertake that the matter embodied in the dissertation has not been submitted
previously for the award of any degree or diploma by me to any institution.

PURAMVAMSHI
(1DS21EC155)
III SEM, B.E
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Place: Bangalore.
Date: 15-05-2021
 ABSTRACT

In today’s economical world, automation plays gradually important role. Nowadays, the
application of PLC is widely known for automation. PLC’s application is obviously applied
at the industrial sector. The industrial automation is necessary in order to streamline
operations in terms of acceleration, reliability and system output. In this report, The
importance of automation using PLC is discussed and Ladder programming is done for
various examples. All product processes require automation in every step to brand the
finished product. Different types of products require different types of Ladder design.
The PLC has a proximity sensor to detect product. This PLC based machine will help in
automating the various functions, which will eliminate the use of manpower; thus,
resulting in reduction of time consumption. The system sequence of operation is
designed by ladder diagram and the program simulation is done accordingly
 CONTENTS
Page No.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 PROJECT STATEMENT 1
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT 1
1.3 SCOPE OF PROJECT 2
1.4 REPORT ORGANIZATION 2

CHAPTER 2 ORGANIZATION: REXROTH BOSCH-DSU 3

2.1 BOSCH REXROTH 3
2.2 DAYANANDA SAGAR UNIVERSITY 4
CHAPTER 3 NARRATION 5
3.1 PLC REPLACES RELAYS 5
3.2 PLC INTERNAL STRUCTURE & WORKING 6
3.3 COMPARISON OF PLC & COMPUTER 8
3.4 PLC PROCESSING CYCLE 8
3.5 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF PLC 9
3.6 APPLICATIONS OF PLC 9
CHAPTER 4 SELF-EVALUATION 10
4.1 INDRACONTROL L PLC 11
4.2 INDRACONTROL L20 11
4.3 PROCEDURE TO START PLC PROGRAMMING 13
FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS USED IN LADDER DIAGRAM 14

Different types of timers 14

Different types of Timers 15
Different types of counters 15

BASIC LOGIC USING PLC 15

CONCLUSION 19
REFERENCES 20
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Automation is used for various control systems for operating equipment’s such as
machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat-treating ovens, switching on
telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications
with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some processes are completely
automated. The biggest benefit of automation is that it saves time; it is also used to save
energy and materials and to improve quality, accuracy and precision. Automation has
been achieved by various means including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical,
electronic devices, programmable logic controllers and computers, usually in
combination. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an industrial computer used for
the automation of various electro-mechanical processes in industries. These controllers
are specially designed to survive in harsh situations and shielded from heat, cold, dust,
moisture etc. All of the PLC's components and functions are centered on the controller,
which is programmed for a specific task. PLCs have many advantages like high flexibility
and reliability, low power consumption, ease of maintenance etc. They are designed for
multiple arrangements of digital and analog inputs and outputs, extended temperature
ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact.

PROJECT STATEMENT
Every product assembly line has different sector of work. The various machines are PLC
powered, which contains a proximity sensor to detect product. This PLC based machines
will help in automating, which will eliminate the use of manpower; thus, resulting in
reduction of time consumption. The machines are designed to perform a defined task
based on the application in various industrial sectors.

OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT
The objectives to be achieved are:
● To understand the working mechanism of PLC.
● To develop a appropriate LADDER program using PLC.
● To simulate the working of output with various conditions given at input.

SCOPE OF PROJECT
All product automation processes require stamping as a last step to brand the finished
product. Different types of products require different types of stamps. Nowadays
industries are being challenged to reduce cost, wastage and production time. New
technologies are required that will increase energy efficiency and minimize the
production time for embossing. PLC programming along with hydraulics and pneumatics
is currently being used by large number of industries for Real time applications.

REPORT ORGANIZATION
The report is organized in different chapters including brief description of internship
organization which explains about Rexroth Bosch Company, its collaboration with
Dayananda Sagar University and a joint initiative of Rexroth Bosch and DSU. The other
chapters include PLC basics, software implementation of modules and finally the
software simulation using LADDER programming.
CHAPTER 2

ORGANIZATION: REXROTH BOSCH-DSU

The internship is carried out at Centre of competence in Industrial Automation
technologies Dayananda Sagar University in collaboration with Bosch Rexroth. The brief
description about internship organization is given below.

BOSCH REXROTH
Bosch Rexroth is an engineering firm based in Lohr am Main in Germany. It is the result
of a merger on 1 May 2001 between Mannesmann Rexroth AG and the Automation
Technology Business Unit of Robert Bosch GmbH, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of
Robert Bosch GmbH. Bosch Rexroth's slogan is "The Drive & Control Company". It
manufactures products and systems associated with the control and motion of industrial
and mobile equipment. The logo of the company is shown below.

The company has its roots in 1795, when the Rexroth family established an iron forge.
Economical, precise, safe, and energy efficient: drive and control technology from Bosch
Rexroth moves machines and systems of any size. The company bundles global
application experience in the market segments of Mobile Applications, Machinery
Applications and Engineering, Factory Automation, and Renewable Energies to develop
innovative components as well as tailored system solutions and services. Bosch Rexroth
offers its customer’s hydraulics, electric drives and controls, pneumatics, gear
technology, and linear motion and assembly technology all from one source.
Centre of Competence for Automation technology at Dayananda Sagar University in
collaboration with Bosch Rexroth was established in 2015 and is now upgraded to
Industry 4.0. This Centre of Competence for automation technologies is now identified
as Centre of competence in Industrial Automation technology- A joint Certificate Centre
for training industry personnel. Bosch Rexroth will now divert the industry customer
training, enquiries or leads to Dayananda Sagar University, SOE(School of Engineering,
DSU) and this center is now, also a regional Joint Certification Centre. It serves as Centre
of competence and skill development. This centre acts as the regional centre in
automation technologies to train the Faculty and Students of nearby colleges –
Vocational institutes, Polytechnics and Engineering in its Region. The technologies dealt
in this Centre are Hydraulics, Pneumatics, PLC (Programmable logic controllers), Sensors,
AC Servo drives, and CNC Control systems. For the accomplishment of repeated jobs
automation is required. Automation can be achieved using Programmable Logic
Controllers (PLCs).

DAYANANDA SAGAR UNIVERSITY

DSU is a proud member of the Dayananda Sagar Institutions family. Founded by Late Sri
Dayananda Sagar in the early sixties. Dayananda Sagar University created by an Act of
the Karnataka State in 2014, built on this adorable legacy and inspired by its own
milestones, meeting the needs of quality higher education in this part of the world.
Research, Innovation and Incubation form the core of DSU. It has taken the next logical
step: Laying the foundation to transform the entrepreneurial dream of every young
Indian and global citizen into a reality. Enabling this transformation is the active support
of industry leaders, industry bodies and a dedicated 4 lakh square feet modern ready-to-
move-in infrastructure.
CHAPTER 3
NARRATION PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC):
A programmable logic controller, PLC, or programmable controller is a digital computer used for
automation of typically industrial electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on
factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or light fixtures. PLCs are used in many machines, in
many industries. PLCs are designed for multiple arrangements of digital and analog inputs and
outputs, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration
and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed-up or
non-volatile memory.

Fig. 3.1 Components of PLC

The I/O interfaces provides the connection between the PLC and the information providers
(inputs like pushbuttons, sensors) and the controllable devices (outputs like valves, relays,
lamps).

PLC REPLACES RELAY

In the past the movements of industrial machines were controlled by relay circuits. These relay-
controlled systems were replaced by PLC. The primary function of the PLC was to perform the
sequential operations that were previously implemented with relays. PLC replaces Relay in an
electric circuit as,
 Fig 3.2 Relay replaced by PLC
In simple terms a relay is an electrically operated switch. On other hand, PLC is a sort of
industrial computer that is programmed to execute logic and control a process. It has
physical inputs, internal logic and physical outputs. PLC provides a direct replacement
for logic implemented using relays. PLC ladder diagram resembles exactly the wiring
schematics for relays wiring. The PLC logic is not a mechanical part of the controller. The
PLC logic is a software program, which runs on the processor in the PLC. This program
has to be created with a special programming tool on a PC. After downloading the
program into the PLC, the control automatically starts the program.

PLC INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND WORKING:

The internal structure of Programmable Logic Controller is shown below in fig.3.3. A
basic PLC system consists of the following sections:
a. Input/ Output Section: The input section or input module consists of devices like
sensors, switches and many other real world input sources. The input from the sources
is connected to the PLC through the input connector rails. The output section or output
module can be a motor or a solenoid or a lamp or a heater, whose functioning is
controlled by varying the input signals.
b. CPU or Central Processing Unit: It is the brain of the PLC. It can be a hexagonal or an
octal microprocessor. It carries out all the processing related to the input signals in
order to control the output signals based on the control program.
c. Programming Device: It is the platform where the program or the control logic is
written. It can be a handheld device or a laptop or a computer itself.
 Fig 3.3 PLC Internal structure

o Power Supply: It generally works on a power supply of about 24 V, used to power input and
output devices.
o Memory: The memory is divided into two parts- The data memory and the program memory.
The program information or the control logic is stored in the user memory or the program
memory from where the CPU fetches the program instructions. The input and output signals and
the timer and counter signals are stored in the input and output external image memory
respectively.
o Working: The input sources convert the real time analog electric signals to suitable digital
electric signals and these signals are applied to the PLC through the connector rails. These input
signals are stored in the PLC external image memory in locations known as bits. This is done by
the CPU. The control logic or the program instructions are written onto the programming device
through symbols or through mnemonics and stored in the user memory. The CPU fetches these
instructions from the user memory and executes the input signals by manipulating, computing,
processing them to control the output devices. The execution results are then stored in the
external image memory which controls the output drives. The CPU also keeps a check on the
output signals and keeps updating the contents of the input image memory according to the
 changes in the output memory. The CPU also performs internal programming functioning like
setting and resetting of the timer, checking the user memory.

COMPARISON OF PLC AND COMPUTER

The basic similarities and dissimilarities between PLC and Personal computer (PC) is
given below.

Fig.3.4 Comparision between PLC and Computer

Thus, PLC is an industrial computer. It is capable of storing instructions to implement control

functions such as sequencing, timing, counting, arithmetic, data manipulation and
communication.

PLC PROCESSING CYCLE

Repeated jobs can be accomplished by PLCs. Inputs are given to PLC by means of sensors,
actuators etc. The outputs are obtained from the control logic of PLC. Thus, PLC stores
instructions and performs various control functions. The processing cycle of PLC is discussed in
figure 3.5.

Fig.3.5 PLC Processing Cycle

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PLC

Advantages:
⮚ High performance with comprehensive functions and numerous interfaces.
⮚ Rugged and designed to withstand vibrations, temperature, humidity, and noise.
⮚ PLCs are easily programmed and have an easily understood programming language.
⮚ Centralized and Distributed I/O’s
⮚ Open interfaces for networking via Ethernet or Profibus.
⮚ Easy expansion with Function modules.
⮚ Easy integration of HMI solutions.
Disadvantages:
⮚ PLC holds high-cost factors.
⮚ There's too much work required in connecting wires
⮚ There's difficulty with changes or replacements.
⮚ It's always difficult to find errors; and require skilful work force.
⮚ When a problem occurs, hold-up time is indefinite, usually long.

APPLICATIONS OF PLC:

1. Internal Combustion Engine Monitoring: A PLC acquires data recorded from sensors located
at the internal combustion engine. Measurements taken include water temperature, oil
temperature, RPMs, torque, exhaust temperature, oil pressure, manifold pressure, and timing.
2. Widely used in cement, glass, woodwork, printer and paper mill industries.
3. PLC is used along with hydraulics and pneumatics for various drives and control systems.
4. Steel Making: The PLC controls and operates furnaces to produce metal in accordance with
pre-set specifications.
5. Loading and Unloading of Alloys: Through accurate weighing and loading sequences, the
system controls and monitors the quantity of coal, iron ore, and limestone to be melted.
6. PLC is used in loading and Unloading of Alloys: Through accurate weighing and loading
sequences, the system controls and monitors the quantity of coal, iron ore, and limestone to be
melted.
CHAPTER 4

SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODULES

IndraWorks is the carrier system for integration of the Bosch Rexroth engineering tools. The PLC
and its associated software IndraWorks, which is a uniform engineering software, allows to
solve all of the tasks with one single software – from project planning and programming to
visualization and diagnostics. IndraWorks is universally available in all of the automation
systems as integrated engineering software. Profits are fast access to all functions and data of
the control components and the increased understandability of individual’s automation
solution.
The IndraLogic PLC software combines all components from Rexroth to provide integrated
solutions with motion and logic control. The Rexroth PLC unit is shown in Fig. 4.1. Using Indra
Motion, one can implement all of the centralized and distributed control designs, customized to
the industry-specific requirements. The scalable control, visualization and I/O hardware
platforms allow easy, flexible and integrated automation of the applications. Combined with
open communication interfaces, these hardware platforms provide automation solutions that
are also sustainable in the future and allow factory automation with any degree of freedom.

Fig 4.1 REXROTH PLC unit

The 3rd generation Sercos [Serial Real-time Communications System] meets all requirements
for a future-oriented machine network – open, consistent and fast. From drives and controls to
I/O peripherals, all automation components are easily combined to form an understandable
and capable overall system. Indra Control L has different controller-based hardware such as
CML10, CML20, CML45, etc.

Fig. 4.2 Indra control module types

INDRACONTROL L PLC
These PLC were designed by REXROTH-BOSCH group which consists of function modules,
firmware, software, on-board I/O and inline I/O.

Fig. 4.3 Indracontrol L PLC

These PLC were designed by REXROTH-BOSCH group which consists of function modules,
firmware, software, on-board I/O and inline I/O. Figure above shows a simple PLC processor
designed by REXROTH-BOSCH where each block is assigned to each module. Indracontrol L10
PLC technical data consists of STM ST40/166MHZ, retentive memory 32kbyte, compact flash
128Mbyte, on-board interfaces Ethernet, and on-board I/O DI8/DO4 with local extension of
32bytes.

INDRACONTROL L20
In this report, IndraControl L20 is been used. It consists of on board 8-bit inputs and 8-bit
outputs. Inline I/0 can be added.
⮚ Technical data of CML20
It has the following properties.
● Processor: STM ST40
● Bandwidth: 166MHz
● Width of CML20 is 175mm
● Protocol used: TCP/IP
● 100 instructions in 150μs
● Number of additional In line I/Os can be added are 63
● Firmware used: 03V09.1/01V09.1
● Operating temperature: 46.5 C
 Fig. 4.4 Hardware characteristics of L20

The above figure summarizes the hardware characteristics mentioned in the properties.

PROCEDURE TO START PLC PROGRAMMING

Firmware environment: Indra works
Programming language (by Bosch Rexroth): Indra Logic language
1. Project Structure: A project is put into a file named after the project. The first POU (Program
Organization Unit) created in a new project will automatically be named PLC_PRG. The process
begins here, and other POUs can be accessed from the same point (program function blocks
and functions).
2. Project Set Up: Firstly, configure PLC in order to check the accuracy of the addresses used in
the project. Then create the POUs needed to solve problem. Now program the POUs in the
desired languages. Once the programming is complete, compile the project and remove errors.
3. Project Testing: Once all errors have been removed, activate the simulation, log in to the
simulated PLC and "load" project in the PLC in Online mode. Now open the window with PLC
Configuration and test project for correct sequence. To do this, input variables are entered
manually and outputs are observed.
4. Debugging: In case of a programming error one can set breakpoints. If the process stops at
such a breakpoint, the values of all project variables at this point can be examined in time. By
working through sequentially (single step) the logical correctness of program is checked.

FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS USED IN LADDER DIADRAM

The PLC programming is done in IndraLogic software. The programming is carried out using
ladder diagram. The main functional blocks used in ladder diagram are timers, counters and
reset blocks. These provide application in pulse counting, frequency reading, time
measurement etc.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF TIMERS

● On-Delay Timer (Ton): When input (IN) goes high, output (Q) will go high only after the pre-
set time (PT) has elapsed. When input goes low, output will also go low immediately.
● Off-Delay Timer (Toff): When input (IN) becomes high, simultaneously output (Q) becomes
high. When input becomes low, output becomes low after the pre-set time (PT) is elapsed.
● Pulse Timer (TP): If input (IN) is low, output (Q) is low. When input goes high, output will
remain high till the pre-set time (PT) & after that it will be reset even if input is high.

Fig. 4.7 Different types of timers

DIFFERENT TYPES OF COUNTERS

● Down Counter (CTD): When input (CD) has the rising edge, counter value (CV) is
decremented by 1. So, when the counter value becomes equal to the pre-set value (PV) which
is zero, output (Q) becomes high. Some initial value is given to Load which is been shifted to CV.
● UP Counter (CTU): When input (CU) has the rising edge, counter value (CV) is incremented by
1. When CV becomes equal to the pre-set value (PV) which is loaded with some initial value
except zero, output (Q) becomes high. Reset is used to reset the counter value to zero.
● Up-Down Counter (CTUD): It can act as Up Counter as well as Down Counter.

Fig. 4.8 Different types of counters

RESET BLOCK
The reset block is used to reset the output coil depending on the input given to the reset block
so that output for that particular input in remains off state. It can reset the accumulated value
and status bit of a timer or counter. Either direct input can be given to the reset block or using
enable blocks e.g., AND logic block, OR logic block, XOR logic block etc.

Fig. 4.9 Reset block used in ladder diagram

BASIC LOGIC USING PLC

1. Design a PLC ladder diagram to construct an alarm system which operates as follows .
a. If one input is ON nothing happens .
b. If any two inputs are ON, a red light goes ON .
c. If any three inputs are ON, an alarm sirens sound .
d. If all are ON, the fire department is notified .
Logic:
Syntax:
Design a PLC ladder diagram to realize the following Timer operation. Write timing diagrams.
i) One shot operation
ii) Limited ON time
Logic:
There are 3 mixing devices on a processing line A,B,C.Afterthe process begin mixer-A is to
start after 7 seconds elapse, next mixer-B is to start 3.6 second after A. Mixer-C is to start 5
seconds after B. All then remain ON until a master enable switch is turned off. Write PLC
ladder diagram, timing diagram and realize the same
Logic:

In certain process control application when the count reaches 25, a paint spray is to run for 40
seconds. Design, construct, and test PLC circuits for this process
Logic:

Three conveyors feed a main conveyor. The count from each feeder conveyor is fed into an
input register in the PLC. Construct a PLC program to obtain the total count of parts on the
main conveyor. Use a time to update the total every 15 seconds. Design, construct, and test
PLC circuits for this proces
Logic:
In certain process control application o/p is ON if the count is less than 34 or more than 41.
Implement the same using PLC ladder diagram
Logic:

PLC ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS (REAL LIFE PROBLEMS)

Tank filling device simulator :

DESCRIPTION:
A tank filling device simulator consists of 3 tanks that are equipped with signal encoders. The
tank filling device simulator is switched on using the S1 pushbutton “Start”. For switching the
device simulator off, the S2 pushbutton “Stop” is used. For the "Max" (full) notifications, the
signal encoders S3, S5 and S7 are used. For the "Min" (empty) notifications, the signal
encoders S4, S6 and S8 are used. The storage tanks can be arbitrarily filled and emptied by
hand. For the filling, the valves Y1, Y2 and Y3 are used. A control is to secure that after an
"Min" (empty) notification occurred, only 1 tank can be filled. The filling of the tank continues
until the corresponding "Max" (full) notification has occurred.

SYNTAX:

LOGIC:
Embossing machine – auto:
Description:
The "Eject" cylinder is extended and lifts the workpiece. Simultaneously, the Y2 "Compressed
air" valve magnet is switched on for a period of 3 seconds and blows the workpiece into the
collection basket. If the sensor S8 "Workpiece ejected" detects the workpiece, the Y2
"Compressed air" and Y4 "Eject" valves are closed and the "Eject" cylinder is retracted. As
soon as the limit sensor S6 "Part eject" signals that the "Eject" cylinder is retracted and that
the ejection is recognized via S8 "Workpiece ejected", the complete process is to be repeated.
It must be possible to stop the system at any time using the S2 pushbutton “Stop”. Restart
shall only be possible out of the basic position.

SYNTAX:

LOGIC: